mirror of https://github.com/python/cpython
Complete What's New in Python 3.3.
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Victor Stinner
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@ -786,18 +786,21 @@ aforementioned annoyances.
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(contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`9260`.)
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Builtin functions
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=================
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Builtin functions and types
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===========================
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* :func:`open` gets a new *opener* parameter: the underlying file descriptor
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for the file object is then obtained by calling *opener* with (*file*,
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*flags*). It can be used to use custom flags like :data:`os.O_CLOEXEC` for
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example. The ``'x'`` mode was added: open for exclusive creation, failing if
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the file already exists.
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* :func:`print`: added the *flush* keyword argument. If the *flush* keyword
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argument is true, the stream is forcibly flushed.
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* :func:`hash`: hash randomization is enabled by default, see
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:meth:`object.__hash__` and :envvar:`PYTHONHASHSEED`.
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* :func:`open` gets a new *opener* parameter: the underlying file descriptor
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for the file object is then obtained by calling *opener* with (*file*,
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*flags*). It can be used to use custom flags like :data:`os.O_CLOEXEC` for
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example. The ``'x'`` mode was added: open for exclusive creation, failing if
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the file already exists.
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* :func:`print`: added the *flush* keyword argument. If the *flush* keyword
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argument is true, the stream is forcibly flushed.
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* :func:`hash`: hash randomization is enabled by default, see
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:meth:`object.__hash__` and :envvar:`PYTHONHASHSEED`.
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* The :class:`str` type gets a new :meth:`~str.casefold` method: return a
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casefolded copy of the string, casefolded strings may be used for caseless
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matching. For example, ``'ß'.casefold()`` returns ``'ss'``.
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New and Improved Modules
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@ -829,12 +832,22 @@ The :mod:`array` module supports the :c:type:`long long` type using ``q`` and
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(Contributed by Oren Tirosh and Hirokazu Yamamoto in :issue:`1172711`)
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base64, binascii
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----------------
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ASCII-only Unicode strings are now accepted by the decoding functions of the
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modern interface. For example, ``base64.b64decode('YWJj')`` returns ``b'abc'``.
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bz2
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---
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The :mod:`bz2` module has been rewritten from scratch. In the process, several
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new features have been added:
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* New :func:`bz2.open` function: open a bzip2-compressed file in binary or
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text mode.
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* :class:`bz2.BZ2File` can now read from and write to arbitrary file-like
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objects, by means of its constructor's *fileobj* argument.
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@ -924,7 +937,7 @@ their ``__init__`` method (for example, file objects) or in their
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crypt
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-----
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Addition of salt and modular crypt format and the :func:`~crypt.mksalt`
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Addition of salt and modular crypt format (hashing method) and the :func:`~crypt.mksalt`
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function to the :mod:`crypt` module.
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(:issue:`10924`)
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@ -945,6 +958,17 @@ curses
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(Contributed by Iñigo Serna in :issue:`6755`)
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datetime
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--------
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* Equality comparisons between naive and aware :class:`~datetime.datetime`
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instances don't raise :exc:`TypeError`.
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* New :meth:`datetime.datetime.timestamp` method: Return POSIX timestamp
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corresponding to the :class:`~datetime.datetime` instance.
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* The :meth:`datetime.datetime.strftime` method supports formatting years
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older than 1000.
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decimal
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-------
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@ -1041,10 +1065,26 @@ API changes
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faulthandler
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------------
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New module: :mod:`faulthandler`.
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This new debug module contains functions to dump Python tracebacks explicitly,
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on a fault (a crash like a segmentation fault), after a timeout, or on a user
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signal. Call :func:`faulthandler.enable` to install fault handlers for the
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:const:`SIGSEGV`, :const:`SIGFPE`, :const:`SIGABRT`, :const:`SIGBUS`, and
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:const:`SIGILL` signals. You can also enable them at startup by setting the
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:envvar:`PYTHONFAULTHANDLER` environment variable or by using :option:`-X`
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``faulthandler`` command line option.
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Example of a segmentation fault on Linux: ::
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$ python -q -X faulthandler
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>>> import ctypes
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>>> ctypes.string_at(0)
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Fatal Python error: Segmentation fault
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Current thread 0x00007fb899f39700:
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File "/home/python/cpython/Lib/ctypes/__init__.py", line 486 in string_at
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File "<stdin>", line 1 in <module>
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Segmentation fault
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* :envvar:`PYTHONFAULTHANDLER`
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* :option:`-X` ``faulthandler``
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ftplib
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------
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@ -1057,6 +1097,13 @@ handle NAT with non-secure FTP without opening fixed ports.
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(Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`12139`)
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gc
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--
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It is now possible to register callbacks invoked by the garbage collector
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before and after collection using the new :`data:`~gc.callbacks` list.
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hmac
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----
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@ -1101,6 +1148,12 @@ already exists. It is based on the C11 'x' mode to fopen().
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(Contributed by David Townshend in :issue:`12760`)
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The constructor of the :class:`~io.TextIOWrapper` class has a new
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*write_through* optional argument. If *write_through* is ``True``, calls to
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:meth:`~io.TextIOWrapper.write` are guaranteed not to be buffered: any data
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written on the :class:`~io.TextIOWrapper` object is immediately handled to its
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underlying binary buffer.
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ipaddress
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---------
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@ -1180,7 +1233,8 @@ os
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* To avoid race conditions like symlink attacks and issues with temporary
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files and directories, it is more reliable (and also faster) to manipulate
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file descriptors instead of file names. Python 3.3 enhances existing functions
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and introduces new functions to work on file descriptors.
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and introduces new functions to work on file descriptors (:issue:`4761`,
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:issue:`10755`).
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- The :mod:`os` module has a new :func:`~os.fwalk` function similar to
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:func:`~os.walk` except that it also yields file descriptors referring to the
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@ -1197,7 +1251,7 @@ os
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- The following functions now support a file descriptor for their path argument:
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:func:`~os.chdir`, :func:`~os.chmod`, :func:`~os.chown`,
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:func:`~os.execve`, :func:`~os.listdir`, :func:`~os.pathconf`,
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:func:`~os.execve`, :func:`~os.listdir`, :func:`~os.pathconf`, :func:`~os.path.exists`,
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:func:`~os.stat`, :func:`~os.statvfs`, :func:`~os.utime`.
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* The :mod:`os` module has two new functions: :func:`~os.getpriority` and
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@ -1220,7 +1274,7 @@ os
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.. XXX sort out this mess after beta1
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* New functions to support Linux extended attributes:
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* New functions to support Linux extended attributes (:issue:`12720`):
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:func:`~os.getxattr`, :func:`~os.listxattr`, :func:`~os.removexattr`,
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:func:`~os.setxattr`.
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@ -1621,6 +1675,15 @@ Deprecated Python modules, functions and methods
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:func:`time.perf_counter` or :func:`time.process_time` function instead,
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depending on your requirements, to have a well defined behaviour.
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* The :func:`os.stat_float_times` function is deprecated.
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* :mod:`abc` module:
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* :class:`abc.abstractproperty` has been deprecated, use :class:`property`
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with :func:`abc.abstractmethod` instead.
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* :class:`abc.abstractclassmethod` has been deprecated, use
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:class:`classmethod` with :func:`abc.abstractmethod` instead.
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* :class:`abc.abstractstaticmethod` has been deprecated, use
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:class:`staticmethod` with :func:`abc.abstractmethod` instead.
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Deprecated functions and types of the C API
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