Update tutorial wrt PEP 341 try-except-finally statement

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Georg Brandl 2006-03-19 11:20:29 +00:00
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1 changed files with 41 additions and 11 deletions

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@ -3692,19 +3692,49 @@ Traceback (most recent call last):
KeyboardInterrupt KeyboardInterrupt
\end{verbatim} \end{verbatim}
A \emph{finally clause} is executed whether or not an exception has A \emph{finally clause} is always executed before leaving the
occurred in the try clause. When an exception has occurred, it is \keyword{try} statement, whether an exception has occurred or not.
re-raised after the finally clause is executed. The finally clause is When an exception has occurred in the \keyword{try} clause and has not
also executed ``on the way out'' when the \keyword{try} statement is been handled by an \keyword{except} clause (or it has occurred in a
left via a \keyword{break} or \keyword{return} statement. \keyword{except} or \keyword{else} clause), it is re-raised after the
\keyword{finally} clause has been executed. The \keyword{finally} clause
is also executed ``on the way out'' when any other clause of the
\keyword{try} statement is left via a \keyword{break}, \keyword{continue}
or \keyword{return} statement. A more complicated example:
The code in the finally clause is useful for releasing external \begin{verbatim}
resources (such as files or network connections), regardless of >>> def divide(x, y):
whether the use of the resource was successful. ... try:
... result = x / y
... except ZeroDivisionError:
... print "division by zero!"
... else:
... print "result is", result
... finally:
... print "executing finally clause"
...
>>> divide(2, 1)
result is 2
executing finally clause
>>> divide(2, 0)
division by zero!
executing finally clause
>>> divide("2", "1")
executing finally clause
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
File "<stdin>", line 3, in divide
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'str' and 'str'
\end{verbatim}
A \keyword{try} statement must either have one or more except clauses As you can see, the \keyword{finally} clause is executed in any
or one finally clause, but not both (because it would be unclear which event. The \exception{TypeError} raised by dividing two strings
clause should be executed first). is not handled by the \keyword{except} clause and therefore
re-raised after the \keyword{finally} clauses has been executed.
In real world applications, the \keyword{finally} clause is useful
for releasing external resources (such as files or network connections),
regardless of whether the use of the resource was successful.
\chapter{Classes \label{classes}} \chapter{Classes \label{classes}}