Close #20481: Disallow mixed type input in statistics

The most appropriate coercion rules are not yet clear, so simply
disallowing mixed type input for 3.4.

(Committed on Steven's behalf)

Doc/library/statistics.rst

@@ -20,6 +20,16 @@
 This module provides functions for calculating mathematical statistics of
 numeric (:class:`Real`-valued) data.
 
+.. note::
+
+   Unless explicitly noted otherwise, these functions support :class:`int`,
+   :class:`float`, :class:`decimal.Decimal` and :class:`fractions.Fraction`.
+   Behaviour with other types (whether in the numeric tower or not) is
+   currently unsupported.  Mixed types are also undefined and
+   implementation-dependent.  If your input data consists of mixed types,
+   you may be able to use :func:`map` to ensure a consistent result, e.g.
+   ``map(float, input_data)``.
+
 Averages and measures of central location
 -----------------------------------------
 

Lib/statistics.py

@@ -144,19 +144,31 @@ def _sum(data, start=0):
     >>> _sum(data)
     Decimal('0.6963')
 
+    Mixed types are currently treated as an error, except that int is
+    allowed.
     """
+    # We fail as soon as we reach a value that is not an int or the type of
+    # the first value which is not an int. E.g. _sum([int, int, float, int])
+    # is okay, but sum([int, int, float, Fraction]) is not.
+    allowed_types = set([int, type(start)])
     n, d = _exact_ratio(start)
-    T = type(start)
     partials = {d: n}  # map {denominator: sum of numerators}
     # Micro-optimizations.
-    coerce_types = _coerce_types
     exact_ratio = _exact_ratio
     partials_get = partials.get
-    # Add numerators for each denominator, and track the "current" type.
+    # Add numerators for each denominator.
     for x in data:
-        T = _coerce_types(T, type(x))
+        _check_type(type(x), allowed_types)
         n, d = exact_ratio(x)
         partials[d] = partials_get(d, 0) + n
+    # Find the expected result type. If allowed_types has only one item, it
+    # will be int; if it has two, use the one which isn't int.
+    assert len(allowed_types) in (1, 2)
+    if len(allowed_types) == 1:
+        assert allowed_types.pop() is int
+        T = int
+    else:
+        T = (allowed_types - set([int])).pop()
     if None in partials:
         assert issubclass(T, (float, Decimal))
         assert not math.isfinite(partials[None])
@@ -172,6 +184,15 @@ def _sum(data, start=0):
     return T(total)
 
 
+def _check_type(T, allowed):
+    if T not in allowed:
+        if len(allowed) == 1:
+            allowed.add(T)
+        else:
+            types = ', '.join([t.__name__ for t in allowed] + [T.__name__])
+            raise TypeError("unsupported mixed types: %s" % types)
+
+
 def _exact_ratio(x):
     """Convert Real number x exactly to (numerator, denominator) pair.
 
@@ -228,44 +249,6 @@ def _decimal_to_ratio(d):
     return (num, den)
 
 
-def _coerce_types(T1, T2):
-    """Coerce types T1 and T2 to a common type.
-
-    >>> _coerce_types(int, float)
-    <class 'float'>
-
-    Coercion is performed according to this table, where "N/A" means
-    that a TypeError exception is raised.
-
-    +----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
-    |          | int       | Fraction  | Decimal   | float    |
-    +----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
-    | int      | int       | Fraction  | Decimal   | float    |
-    | Fraction | Fraction  | Fraction  | N/A       | float    |
-    | Decimal  | Decimal   | N/A       | Decimal   | float    |
-    | float    | float     | float     | float     | float    |
-    +----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------+
-
-    Subclasses trump their parent class; two subclasses of the same
-    base class will be coerced to the second of the two.
-
-    """
-    # Get the common/fast cases out of the way first.
-    if T1 is T2: return T1
-    if T1 is int: return T2
-    if T2 is int: return T1
-    # Subclasses trump their parent class.
-    if issubclass(T2, T1): return T2
-    if issubclass(T1, T2): return T1
-    # Floats trump everything else.
-    if issubclass(T2, float): return T2
-    if issubclass(T1, float): return T1
-    # Subclasses of the same base class give priority to the second.
-    if T1.__base__ is T2.__base__: return T2
-    # Otherwise, just give up.
-    raise TypeError('cannot coerce types %r and %r' % (T1, T2))
-
-
 def _counts(data):
     # Generate a table of sorted (value, frequency) pairs.
     table = collections.Counter(iter(data)).most_common()

Lib/test/test_statistics.py

@@ -687,6 +687,26 @@ class DecimalToRatioTest(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertRaises(ValueError, statistics._decimal_to_ratio, d)
 
 
+class CheckTypeTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    # Test _check_type private function.
+
+    def test_allowed(self):
+        # Test that a type which should be allowed is allowed.
+        allowed = set([int, float])
+        statistics._check_type(int, allowed)
+        statistics._check_type(float, allowed)
+
+    def test_not_allowed(self):
+        # Test that a type which should not be allowed raises.
+        allowed = set([int, float])
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, statistics._check_type, Decimal, allowed)
+
+    def test_add_to_allowed(self):
+        # Test that a second type will be added to the allowed set.
+        allowed = set([int])
+        statistics._check_type(float, allowed)
+        self.assertEqual(allowed, set([int, float]))
+
 
 # === Tests for public functions ===
 
@@ -881,40 +901,11 @@ class TestSum(NumericTestCase, UnivariateCommonMixin, UnivariateTypeMixin):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.func, [1, 2, 3, b'999'])
 
     def test_mixed_sum(self):
-        # Mixed sums are allowed.
-
-        # Careful here: order matters. Can't mix Fraction and Decimal directly,
-        # only after they're converted to float.
-        data = [1, 2, Fraction(1, 2), 3.0, Decimal("0.25")]
-        self.assertEqual(self.func(data), 6.75)
-
-
-class SumInternalsTest(NumericTestCase):
-    # Test internals of the sum function.
-
-    def test_ignore_instance_float_method(self):
-        # Test that __float__ methods on data instances are ignored.
-
-        # Python typically calls __dunder__ methods on the class, not the
-        # instance. The ``sum`` implementation calls __float__ directly. To
-        # better match the behaviour of Python, we call it only on the class,
-        # not the instance. This test will fail if somebody "fixes" that code.
-
-        # Create a fake __float__ method.
-        def __float__(self):
-            raise AssertionError('test fails')
-
-        # Inject it into an instance.
-        class MyNumber(Fraction):
-            pass
-        x = MyNumber(3)
-        x.__float__ = types.MethodType(__float__, x)
-
-        # Check it works as expected.
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, x.__float__)
-        self.assertEqual(float(x), 3.0)
-        # And now test the function.
-        self.assertEqual(statistics._sum([1.0, 2.0, x, 4.0]), 10.0)
+        # Mixed input types are not (currently) allowed.
+        # Check that mixed data types fail.
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.func, [1, 2.0, Fraction(1, 2)])
+        # And so does mixed start argument.
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.func, [1, 2.0], Decimal(1))
 
 
 class SumTortureTest(NumericTestCase):

Misc/NEWS

@@ -24,6 +24,12 @@ Core and Builtins
 Library
 -------
 
+- Issue #20481: For at least Python 3.4, the statistics module will require
+  that all inputs for a single operation be of a single consistent type, or
+  else a mixed of ints and a single other consistent type. This avoids
+  some interoperability issues that arose with the previous approach of
+  coercing to a suitable common type.
+
 - Issue #20478: the statistics module now treats collections.Counter inputs
   like any other iterable.