mirror of https://github.com/python/cpython
A few random updates to make things less horrifyingly out of date.
Delete some advice that can never, ever have worked. There are a couple of XXX comments for bits I don't know how to update. It would be really good not to release Python 2.5 with these in place :) This file is way too big. There's basically no chance of it staying up to date.
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README
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README
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@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ What's new in this release?
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See the file "Misc/NEWS".
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See the file "Misc/NEWS".
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If you don't read instructions
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If you don't read instructions
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------------------------------
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------------------------------
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@ -45,30 +46,29 @@ current directory and when it finishes, type "make". This creates an
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executable "./python"; to install in /usr/local, first do "su root"
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executable "./python"; to install in /usr/local, first do "su root"
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and then "make install".
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and then "make install".
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The section `Build instructions' below is still recommended reading,
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The section `Build instructions' below is still recommended reading.
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especially the part on customizing Modules/Setup.
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What is Python anyway?
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What is Python anyway?
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----------------------
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----------------------
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Python is an interpreted object-oriented programming language suitable
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Python is an interpreted, interactive object-oriented programming
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(amongst other uses) for distributed application development,
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language suitable (amongst other uses) for distributed application
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scripting, numeric computing and system testing. Python is often
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development, scripting, numeric computing and system testing. Python
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compared to Tcl, Perl, Java, JavaScript, Visual Basic or Scheme. To
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is often compared to Tcl, Perl, Java, JavaScript, Visual Basic or
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find out more about what Python can do for you, point your browser to
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Scheme. To find out more about what Python can do for you, point your
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http://www.python.org/.
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browser to http://www.python.org/.
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How do I learn Python?
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How do I learn Python?
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----------------------
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----------------------
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The official tutorial is still a good place to start; see
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The official tutorial is still a good place to start; see
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http://www.python.org/doc/ for online and downloadable versions, as
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http://docs.python.org/ for online and downloadable versions, as well
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well as a list of other introductions, and reference documentation.
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as a list of other introductions, and reference documentation.
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There's a quickly growing set of books on Python. See
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There's a quickly growing set of books on Python. See
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http://www.python.org/cgi-bin/moinmoin/PythonBooks for a list.
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www.python.org/moin/PythonBooks for a list.
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Documentation
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Documentation
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@ -82,16 +82,17 @@ Python's power is described there, including the built-in data types
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and functions!
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and functions!
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All documentation is also available online at the Python web site
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All documentation is also available online at the Python web site
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(http://www.python.org/doc/, see below). It is available online for
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(http://docs.python.org/, see below). It is available online for
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occasional reference, or can be downloaded in many formats for faster
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occasional reference, or can be downloaded in many formats for faster
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access. The documentation is available in HTML, PostScript, PDF, and
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access. The documentation is available in HTML, PostScript, PDF, and
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LaTeX formats; the LaTeX version is primarily for documentation
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LaTeX formats; the LaTeX version is primarily for documentation
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authors, translators, and people with special formatting requirements.
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authors, translators, and people with special formatting requirements.
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The best documentation for the new (in Python 2.2) type/class
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Unfortunately, new-style classes (new in Python 2.2) have not yet been
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unification features is Guido's tutorial introduction, at
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integrated into Python's standard documention. A collection of
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pointers to what has been written is at:
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http://www.python.org/2.2.1/descrintro.html
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http://www.python.org/doc/newstyle.html
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Web sites
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Web sites
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@ -110,12 +111,12 @@ Newsgroups and Mailing Lists
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Read comp.lang.python, a high-volume discussion newsgroup about
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Read comp.lang.python, a high-volume discussion newsgroup about
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Python, or comp.lang.python.announce, a low-volume moderated newsgroup
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Python, or comp.lang.python.announce, a low-volume moderated newsgroup
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for Python-related announcements. These are also accessible as
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for Python-related announcements. These are also accessible as
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mailing lists: see http://www.python.org/psa/MailingLists.html for an
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mailing lists: see http://www.python.org/community/lists.html for an
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overview of the many Python-related mailing lists.
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overview of these and many other Python-related mailing lists.
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Archives are accessible via the Google Groups usenet archive; see
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Archives are accessible via the Google Groups usenet archive; see
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http://groups.google.com/. The mailing lists are also archived, see
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http://groups.google.com/. The mailing lists are also archived, see
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http://www.python.org/psa/MailingLists.html for details.
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http://www.python.org/community/lists.html for details.
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Bug reports
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Bug reports
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@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ for patch submission may be found at http://www.python.org/patches/.
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If you have a proposal to change Python, it's best to submit a Python
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If you have a proposal to change Python, it's best to submit a Python
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Enhancement Proposal (PEP) first. All current PEPs, as well as
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Enhancement Proposal (PEP) first. All current PEPs, as well as
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guidelines for submitting a new PEP, are listed at
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guidelines for submitting a new PEP, are listed at
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http://python.sourceforge.net/peps/.
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http://www.python.org/peps/.
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Questions
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Questions
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@ -189,10 +190,9 @@ Troubleshooting
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See also the platform specific notes in the next section.
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See also the platform specific notes in the next section.
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If you run into other trouble, see section 3 of the FAQ
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If you run into other trouble, see the FAQ
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(http://www.python.org/cgi-bin/faqw.py or
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(http://www.python.org/doc/faq) for hints on what can go wrong, and
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http://www.python.org/doc/FAQ.html) for hints on what can go wrong,
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how to fix it.
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and how to fix it.
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If you rerun the configure script with different options, remove all
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If you rerun the configure script with different options, remove all
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object files by running "make clean" before rebuilding. Believe it or
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object files by running "make clean" before rebuilding. Believe it or
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@ -200,8 +200,7 @@ not, "make clean" sometimes helps to clean up other inexplicable
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problems as well. Try it before sending in a bug report!
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problems as well. Try it before sending in a bug report!
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If the configure script fails or doesn't seem to find things that
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If the configure script fails or doesn't seem to find things that
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should be there, inspect the config.log file. When you fix a
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should be there, inspect the config.log file.
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configure problem, be sure to remove config.cache!
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If you get a warning for every file about the -Olimit option being no
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If you get a warning for every file about the -Olimit option being no
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longer supported, you can ignore it. There's no foolproof way to know
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longer supported, you can ignore it. There's no foolproof way to know
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@ -227,8 +226,10 @@ compilers from the vendor, or one of the free compilers (gcc).
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Unsupported systems
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Unsupported systems
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-------------------
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-------------------
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XXX This section is out of date!
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A number of features are not supported in Python 2.3 anymore. Some
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A number of features are not supported in Python 2.3 anymore. Some
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support code is still present, but will be removed in Python 2.4.
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support code is still present, but will be removed in Python 2.4.
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If you still need to use current Python versions on these systems,
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If you still need to use current Python versions on these systems,
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please send a message to python-dev@python.org indicating that you
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please send a message to python-dev@python.org indicating that you
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volunteer to support this system.
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volunteer to support this system.
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@ -263,12 +264,9 @@ Unix platforms: If your vendor still ships (and you still use) Berkeley DB
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bsddb185 bsddbmodule.c
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bsddb185 bsddbmodule.c
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should work. (You may need to add -I, -L or -l flags to direct the
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should work. (You may need to add -I, -L or -l flags to direct the
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compiler and linker to your include files and libraries.) You can
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compiler and linker to your include files and libraries.)
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then force it to be the version people import by adding
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import bsddb185 as bsddb
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XXX I think this next bit is out of date:
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in sitecustomize.py.
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64-bit platforms: The modules audioop, imageop and rgbimg don't work.
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64-bit platforms: The modules audioop, imageop and rgbimg don't work.
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The setup.py script disables them on 64-bit installations.
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The setup.py script disables them on 64-bit installations.
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@ -295,8 +293,8 @@ Solaris: When using Sun's C compiler with threads, at least on Solaris
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When the dynamic loader complains about errors finding shared
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When the dynamic loader complains about errors finding shared
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libraries, such as
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libraries, such as
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ld.so.1: ./python: fatal: libstdc++.so.5: open failed:
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ld.so.1: ./python: fatal: libstdc++.so.5: open failed:
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No such file or directory
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No such file or directory
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you need to first make sure that the library is available on
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you need to first make sure that the library is available on
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your system. Then, you need to instruct the dynamic loader how
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your system. Then, you need to instruct the dynamic loader how
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@ -314,13 +312,9 @@ Linux: A problem with threads and fork() was tracked down to a bug in
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solves the problem. This causes the popen2 test to fail;
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solves the problem. This causes the popen2 test to fail;
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problem and solution reported by Pablo Bleyer.
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problem and solution reported by Pablo Bleyer.
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Under Linux systems using GNU libc 2 (aka libc6), the crypt
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module now needs the -lcrypt option. The setup.py script
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takes care of this automatically.
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Red Hat Linux: Red Hat 9 built Python2.2 in UCS-4 mode and hacked
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Red Hat Linux: Red Hat 9 built Python2.2 in UCS-4 mode and hacked
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Tcl to support it. To compile Python2.3 with Tkinter, you will
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Tcl to support it. To compile Python2.3 with Tkinter, you will
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need to pass --enable-unicode=ucs4 flag to ./configure.
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need to pass --enable-unicode=ucs4 flag to ./configure.
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There's an executable /usr/bin/python which is Python
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There's an executable /usr/bin/python which is Python
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1.5.2 on most older Red Hat installations; several key Red Hat tools
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1.5.2 on most older Red Hat installations; several key Red Hat tools
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OPT variable in the top-level Makefile; reported by Pat Knight,
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OPT variable in the top-level Makefile; reported by Pat Knight,
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this seems to make a difference (at least for HP-UX 10.20)
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this seems to make a difference (at least for HP-UX 10.20)
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even though pyconfig.h defines it. This seems unnecessary when
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even though pyconfig.h defines it. This seems unnecessary when
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using HP/UX 11 and later - threading seems to work "out of the
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using HP/UX 11 and later - threading seems to work "out of the
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box".
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box".
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HP-UX ia64: When building on the ia64 (Itanium) platform using HP's
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HP-UX ia64: When building on the ia64 (Itanium) platform using HP's
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compiler, some experience has shown that the compiler's
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compiler, some experience has shown that the compiler's
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optimiser produces a completely broken version of python
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optimiser produces a completely broken version of python
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(see http://www.python.org/sf/814976). To work around this,
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(see http://www.python.org/sf/814976). To work around this,
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edit the Makefile and remove -O from the OPT line.
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edit the Makefile and remove -O from the OPT line.
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HP PA-RISC 2.0: A recent bug report (http://www.python.org/sf/546117)
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HP PA-RISC 2.0: A recent bug report (http://www.python.org/sf/546117)
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do "sudo make install" which installs everything as superuser,
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do "sudo make install" which installs everything as superuser,
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as this may later cause problems when installing distutils-based
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as this may later cause problems when installing distutils-based
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additions.
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additions.
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Some people have reported problems building Python after using "fink"
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Some people have reported problems building Python after using "fink"
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to install additional unix software. Disabling fink (remove all references
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to install additional unix software. Disabling fink (remove all references
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to /sw from your .profile or .login) should solve this.
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to /sw from your .profile or .login) should solve this.
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/Library/Frameworks). A framework install is probably needed if you
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/Library/Frameworks). A framework install is probably needed if you
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want to use any Aqua-based GUI toolkit (whether Tkinter, wxPython,
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want to use any Aqua-based GUI toolkit (whether Tkinter, wxPython,
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Carbon, Cocoa or anything else).
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Carbon, Cocoa or anything else).
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See Mac/OSX/README for more information on framework builds.
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See Mac/OSX/README for more information on framework builds.
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Cygwin: With recent (relative to the time of writing, 2001-12-19)
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Cygwin: With recent (relative to the time of writing, 2001-12-19)
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---------------------------
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---------------------------
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Starting with Python 2.3, the majority of the interpreter can be built
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Starting with Python 2.3, the majority of the interpreter can be built
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into a shared library, which can then be used by the interpreter
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into a shared library, which can then be used by the interpreter
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executable, and by applications embedding Python. To enable this feature,
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executable, and by applications embedding Python. To enable this feature,
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configure with --enable-shared.
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configure with --enable-shared.
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If you enable this feature, the same object files will be used to create
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If you enable this feature, the same object files will be used to create
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a static library. In particular, the static library will contain object
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a static library. In particular, the static library will contain object
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--with-pydebug: Enable additional debugging code to help track down
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--with-pydebug: Enable additional debugging code to help track down
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memory management problems. This allows printing a list of all
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memory management problems. This allows printing a list of all
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live objects when the interpreter terminates.
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live objects when the interpreter terminates.
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--with(out)-universal-newlines: enable reading of text files with
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--with(out)-universal-newlines: enable reading of text files with
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foreign newline convention (default: enabled). In other words,
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foreign newline convention (default: enabled). In other words,
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any of \r, \n or \r\n is acceptable as end-of-line character.
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any of \r, \n or \r\n is acceptable as end-of-line character.
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--with-tsc: Profile using the Pentium timestamping counter (TSC).
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--with-tsc: Profile using the Pentium timestamping counter (TSC).
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Building for multiple architectures (using the VPATH feature)
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Building for multiple architectures (using the VPATH feature)
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-------------------------------------------------------------
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-------------------------------------------------------------
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@ -1130,9 +1125,7 @@ higher.
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For more Tkinter information, see the Tkinter Resource page:
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For more Tkinter information, see the Tkinter Resource page:
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http://www.python.org/topics/tkinter/
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http://www.python.org/topics/tkinter/
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There are demos in the Demo/tkinter directory, in the subdirectories
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There are demos in the Demo/tkinter directory.
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guido, matt and www (the matt and guido subdirectories have been
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overhauled to use more recent Tkinter coding conventions).
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Note that there's a Python module called "Tkinter" (capital T) which
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Note that there's a Python module called "Tkinter" (capital T) which
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lives in Lib/lib-tk/Tkinter.py, and a C module called "_tkinter"
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lives in Lib/lib-tk/Tkinter.py, and a C module called "_tkinter"
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Reference in New Issue