mirror of https://github.com/python/cpython
Added 1-page introductions to creating GUIs in Python and the OSA
interface.
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Jack Jansen
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/loose.dtd">
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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<title>Creating a User Interface with MacPython</title>
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<meta name="generator" content="BBEdit 6.5.3">
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<link rel="SHORTCUT ICON" href="pythonsmall.gif">
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<META NAME="AppleIcon" CONTENT="pythonsmall.gif">
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>Creating a User Interface with MacPython</h1>
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<p>There are a number of packages that allow creation of a user interface
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for your Python code, each of which has its own merits:</p>
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<ul>
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<li> The Carbon package gives low-level access to the old Macintosh toolbox
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calls for windows, events, dialogs and more. The <tt>FrameWork</tt> module
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wraps these in a minimal framework. For documentation see the Macintosh
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Library section of the <a href="doc/index.html">Python Language and runtime
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documentation</a> and the Human Interface Toolbox section of
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<a href="help:openbook=Carbon">Apple's Carbon Documentation</a>.
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This solution is compatible with MacPython-OS9.
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<li> The <tt>W</tt> framework is built on top of this, and easier to use.
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The MacPython IDE uses W. Some documentation is available on
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<a href="http://www.nevada.edu/~cwebster/Python/index.html">Corran Webster's website</a>.
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Compatible with MacPython-OS9.
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</ul>
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<p>For new work, however, one of the following packages may be better suited.
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They may be available out of the box in this distribution, otherwise you
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can install them through the <a href="packman.html">Package Manager</a>:</p>
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<ul>
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<li> <a href="http://pyobjc.sourceforge.net/">PyObjC</a> allows complete access to Cocoa.
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In technical terms it is a
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bidirectional bridge between Python and Objectve-C, similar to Apple's Java
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bridge. Probably the best choice for Mac OS X-only applications, but at the
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time of this writing PyObjC is still in beta.
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<li> <a href="http://wxpython.sourceforge.net/">wxPython</a> gives Python programs
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access to the wxWindows GUI toolkit. Many people consider this
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the best open source cross-platform GUI solution available today.
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<li> Tkinter is the oldest cross-platform GUI toolkit for Python, bridging Python
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to Tcl/Tk. If you install AquaTk it creates a native user interface on Mac OS X.
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Documented in the Library section, Tkinter subsection of the
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<a href="doc/index.html">Python Language and runtime documentation</a>. Tkinter
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is not available for MacPython-OS9.
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</ul>
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</body>
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</html>
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@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
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<li><a href="finder.html">Running Python scripts from the Finder</a>
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</li>
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<li><a href="shell.html">Running Python scripts from the Unix Shell</a>
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<li><a href="gui.html">Creating a User Interface with MacPython</a>
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<li><a href="scripting.html">Controlling other Applications from MacPython</a>
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<li><a href="packman.html">Installing additional functionality with the
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Package Manager</a>
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</li>
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/loose.dtd">
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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<title>Controlling other Applications from MacPython</title>
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<meta name="generator" content="BBEdit 6.5.3">
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<link rel="SHORTCUT ICON" href="pythonsmall.gif">
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<META NAME="AppleIcon" CONTENT="pythonsmall.gif">
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>Controlling other Applications from MacPython</h1>
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<p>Python has a fairly complete implementation of the Open Scripting
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Architecure (OSA, also commonly referred to as AppleScript), allowing
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you to control scriptable applications from your Python program,
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and with a fairly pythonic interface. The following pieces of
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AppleScript and Python are rougly identical (XXXX Not true right now!):</p>
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<blockquote><tt><pre>
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tell application "Finder"
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get name of window 1
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end tell
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</pre></tt></blockquote>
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<blockquote><tt><pre>
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import Finder
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f = Finder.Finder()
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print f.get(Finder.window(1).name)
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</pre></tt></blockquote>
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<p>To send AppleEvents to an application you must first create the Python
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modules interfacing to the terminology of the application (what
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<tt>Script Editor</tt> calls the "Dictionary"). Use the IDE menu command
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<tt>File->Generate OSA Suite...</tt> for this. For more control run</p>
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<blockquote><tt>
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pythonw .../Lib/plat-mac/gensuitemodule.py --help
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</tt></blockquote>
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<p>from a terminal window.</p>
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<h2>Creating a scriptable application in Python</h2>
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You can also create a scriptable application in Python, but this is not
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very well documented. For Carbon
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applications you should look at the <tt>MiniAEFrame</tt> module.
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</body>
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</html>
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