mirror of https://github.com/python/cpython
GH-97950: Use new-style index directive ('object') (#104158)
* Uncomment object removal in pairindextypes * Use new-style index directive ('object') - C API * Use new-style index directive ('object') - Library * Use new-style index directive ('object') - Reference * Use new-style index directive ('object') - Tutorial
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
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Byte Array Objects
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Byte Array Objects
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------------------
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------------------
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.. index:: object: bytearray
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.. index:: pair: object; bytearray
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.. c:type:: PyByteArrayObject
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.. c:type:: PyByteArrayObject
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Bytes Objects
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These functions raise :exc:`TypeError` when expecting a bytes parameter and
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These functions raise :exc:`TypeError` when expecting a bytes parameter and
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called with a non-bytes parameter.
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called with a non-bytes parameter.
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.. index:: object: bytes
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.. index:: pair: object; bytes
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.. c:type:: PyBytesObject
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.. c:type:: PyBytesObject
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
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Capsules
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Capsules
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--------
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--------
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.. index:: object: Capsule
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.. index:: pair: object; Capsule
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Refer to :ref:`using-capsules` for more information on using these objects.
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Refer to :ref:`using-capsules` for more information on using these objects.
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
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Complex Number Objects
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Complex Number Objects
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----------------------
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----------------------
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.. index:: object: complex number
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.. index:: pair: object; complex number
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Python's complex number objects are implemented as two distinct types when
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Python's complex number objects are implemented as two distinct types when
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viewed from the C API: one is the Python object exposed to Python programs, and
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viewed from the C API: one is the Python object exposed to Python programs, and
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@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ This section describes Python type objects and the singleton object ``None``.
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Numeric Objects
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Numeric Objects
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===============
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===============
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.. index:: object: numeric
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.. index:: pair: object; numeric
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.. toctree::
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.. toctree::
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@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ Numeric Objects
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Sequence Objects
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Sequence Objects
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================
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================
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.. index:: object: sequence
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.. index:: pair: object; sequence
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Generic operations on sequence objects were discussed in the previous chapter;
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Generic operations on sequence objects were discussed in the previous chapter;
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this section deals with the specific kinds of sequence objects that are
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this section deals with the specific kinds of sequence objects that are
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@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ intrinsic to the Python language.
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Container Objects
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Container Objects
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=================
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=================
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.. index:: object: mapping
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.. index:: pair: object; mapping
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.. toctree::
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.. toctree::
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
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Dictionary Objects
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Dictionary Objects
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------------------
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------------------
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.. index:: object: dictionary
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.. index:: pair: object; dictionary
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.. c:type:: PyDictObject
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.. c:type:: PyDictObject
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
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File Objects
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File Objects
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------------
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------------
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.. index:: object: file
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.. index:: pair: object; file
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These APIs are a minimal emulation of the Python 2 C API for built-in file
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These APIs are a minimal emulation of the Python 2 C API for built-in file
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objects, which used to rely on the buffered I/O (:c:expr:`FILE*`) support
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objects, which used to rely on the buffered I/O (:c:expr:`FILE*`) support
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
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Floating Point Objects
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Floating Point Objects
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----------------------
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----------------------
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.. index:: object: floating point
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.. index:: pair: object; floating point
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.. c:type:: PyFloatObject
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.. c:type:: PyFloatObject
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
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Function Objects
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Function Objects
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----------------
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----------------
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.. index:: object: function
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.. index:: pair: object; function
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There are a few functions specific to Python functions.
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There are a few functions specific to Python functions.
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@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ complete listing.
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Objects, Types and Reference Counts
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Objects, Types and Reference Counts
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===================================
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===================================
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.. index:: object: type
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.. index:: pair: object; type
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Most Python/C API functions have one or more arguments as well as a return value
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Most Python/C API functions have one or more arguments as well as a return value
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of type :c:expr:`PyObject*`. This type is a pointer to an opaque data type
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of type :c:expr:`PyObject*`. This type is a pointer to an opaque data type
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List Objects
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List Objects
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------------
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------------
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.. index:: object: list
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.. index:: pair: object; list
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.. c:type:: PyListObject
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.. c:type:: PyListObject
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@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
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Integer Objects
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Integer Objects
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---------------
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---------------
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.. index:: object: long integer
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.. index:: pair: object; long integer
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object: integer
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pair: object; integer
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All integers are implemented as "long" integer objects of arbitrary size.
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All integers are implemented as "long" integer objects of arbitrary size.
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
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.. _memoryview-objects:
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.. _memoryview-objects:
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.. index::
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.. index::
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object: memoryview
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pair: object; memoryview
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MemoryView objects
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MemoryView objects
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------------------
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------------------
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
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Instance Method Objects
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Instance Method Objects
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-----------------------
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-----------------------
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.. index:: object: instancemethod
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.. index:: pair: object; instancemethod
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An instance method is a wrapper for a :c:data:`PyCFunction` and the new way
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An instance method is a wrapper for a :c:data:`PyCFunction` and the new way
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to bind a :c:data:`PyCFunction` to a class object. It replaces the former call
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to bind a :c:data:`PyCFunction` to a class object. It replaces the former call
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@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ to bind a :c:data:`PyCFunction` to a class object. It replaces the former call
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Method Objects
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Method Objects
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--------------
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--------------
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.. index:: object: method
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.. index:: pair: object; method
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Methods are bound function objects. Methods are always bound to an instance of
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Methods are bound function objects. Methods are always bound to an instance of
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a user-defined class. Unbound methods (methods bound to a class object) are
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a user-defined class. Unbound methods (methods bound to a class object) are
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Module Objects
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Module Objects
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--------------
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--------------
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.. index:: object: module
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.. index:: pair: object; module
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.. c:var:: PyTypeObject PyModule_Type
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.. c:var:: PyTypeObject PyModule_Type
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The ``None`` Object
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The ``None`` Object
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-------------------
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-------------------
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.. index:: object: None
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.. index:: pair: object; None
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Note that the :c:type:`PyTypeObject` for ``None`` is not directly exposed in the
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Note that the :c:type:`PyTypeObject` for ``None`` is not directly exposed in the
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Python/C API. Since ``None`` is a singleton, testing for object identity (using
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Python/C API. Since ``None`` is a singleton, testing for object identity (using
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@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ Set Objects
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.. index::
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.. index::
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object: set
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pair: object; set
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object: frozenset
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pair: object; frozenset
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This section details the public API for :class:`set` and :class:`frozenset`
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This section details the public API for :class:`set` and :class:`frozenset`
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objects. Any functionality not listed below is best accessed using either
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objects. Any functionality not listed below is best accessed using either
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Tuple Objects
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Tuple Objects
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-------------
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-------------
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.. index:: object: tuple
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.. index:: pair: object; tuple
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.. c:type:: PyTupleObject
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.. c:type:: PyTupleObject
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Type Objects
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Type Objects
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------------
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------------
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.. index:: object: type
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.. index:: pair: object; type
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.. c:type:: PyTypeObject
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.. c:type:: PyTypeObject
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@ -1830,7 +1830,7 @@ are always available. They are listed here in alphabetical order.
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.. class:: type(object)
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.. class:: type(object)
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type(name, bases, dict, **kwds)
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type(name, bases, dict, **kwds)
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.. index:: object: type
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.. index:: pair: object; type
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With one argument, return the type of an *object*. The return value is a
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With one argument, return the type of an *object*. The return value is a
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type object and generally the same object as returned by
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type object and generally the same object as returned by
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.. include:: ../includes/wasm-notavail.rst
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.. include:: ../includes/wasm-notavail.rst
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.. index:: object: socket
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.. index:: pair: object; socket
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The Python interface is a straightforward transliteration of the Unix system
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The Python interface is a straightforward transliteration of the Unix system
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call and library interface for sockets to Python's object-oriented style: the
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call and library interface for sockets to Python's object-oriented style: the
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================================================================
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================================================================
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.. index::
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.. index::
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object: numeric
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pair: object; numeric
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object: Boolean
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pair: object; Boolean
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object: integer
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pair: object; integer
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object: floating point
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pair: object; floating point
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object: complex number
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pair: object; complex number
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pair: C; language
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pair: C; language
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There are three distinct numeric types: :dfn:`integers`, :dfn:`floating
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There are three distinct numeric types: :dfn:`integers`, :dfn:`floating
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Common Sequence Operations
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Common Sequence Operations
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--------------------------
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--------------------------
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.. index:: object: sequence
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.. index:: pair: object; sequence
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The operations in the following table are supported by most sequence types,
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The operations in the following table are supported by most sequence types,
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both mutable and immutable. The :class:`collections.abc.Sequence` ABC is
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both mutable and immutable. The :class:`collections.abc.Sequence` ABC is
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@ -1112,7 +1112,7 @@ Immutable Sequence Types
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.. index::
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.. index::
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triple: immutable; sequence; types
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triple: immutable; sequence; types
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object: tuple
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pair: object; tuple
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builtin: hash
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builtin: hash
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The only operation that immutable sequence types generally implement that is
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The only operation that immutable sequence types generally implement that is
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.. index::
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.. index::
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triple: mutable; sequence; types
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triple: mutable; sequence; types
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object: list
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pair: object; list
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object: bytearray
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pair: object; bytearray
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The operations in the following table are defined on mutable sequence types.
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The operations in the following table are defined on mutable sequence types.
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The :class:`collections.abc.MutableSequence` ABC is provided to make it
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The :class:`collections.abc.MutableSequence` ABC is provided to make it
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Lists
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Lists
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-----
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-----
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.. index:: object: list
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.. index:: pair: object; list
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Lists are mutable sequences, typically used to store collections of
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Lists are mutable sequences, typically used to store collections of
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homogeneous items (where the precise degree of similarity will vary by
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homogeneous items (where the precise degree of similarity will vary by
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@ -1331,7 +1331,7 @@ application).
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Tuples
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Tuples
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------
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------
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.. index:: object: tuple
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.. index:: pair: object; tuple
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Tuples are immutable sequences, typically used to store collections of
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Tuples are immutable sequences, typically used to store collections of
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heterogeneous data (such as the 2-tuples produced by the :func:`enumerate`
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heterogeneous data (such as the 2-tuples produced by the :func:`enumerate`
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Ranges
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Ranges
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------
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------
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.. index:: object: range
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.. index:: pair: object; range
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The :class:`range` type represents an immutable sequence of numbers and is
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The :class:`range` type represents an immutable sequence of numbers and is
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commonly used for looping a specific number of times in :keyword:`for`
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commonly used for looping a specific number of times in :keyword:`for`
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.. index::
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.. index::
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single: string; text sequence type
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single: string; text sequence type
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single: str (built-in class); (see also string)
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single: str (built-in class); (see also string)
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object: string
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pair: object; string
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.. _textseq:
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.. _textseq:
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strings of length 1. That is, for a non-empty string *s*, ``s[0] == s[0:1]``.
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strings of length 1. That is, for a non-empty string *s*, ``s[0] == s[0:1]``.
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.. index::
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.. index::
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object: io.StringIO
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pair: object; io.StringIO
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There is also no mutable string type, but :meth:`str.join` or
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There is also no mutable string type, but :meth:`str.join` or
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:class:`io.StringIO` can be used to efficiently construct strings from
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:class:`io.StringIO` can be used to efficiently construct strings from
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=================================================================================
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=================================================================================
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.. index::
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.. index::
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object: bytes
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pair: object; bytes
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object: bytearray
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pair: object; bytearray
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object: memoryview
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pair: object; memoryview
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pair: module; array
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pair: module; array
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The core built-in types for manipulating binary data are :class:`bytes` and
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The core built-in types for manipulating binary data are :class:`bytes` and
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Bytes Objects
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Bytes Objects
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-------------
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-------------
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.. index:: object: bytes
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.. index:: pair: object; bytes
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Bytes objects are immutable sequences of single bytes. Since many major
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Bytes objects are immutable sequences of single bytes. Since many major
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binary protocols are based on the ASCII text encoding, bytes objects offer
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binary protocols are based on the ASCII text encoding, bytes objects offer
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Bytearray Objects
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Bytearray Objects
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-----------------
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-----------------
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|
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.. index:: object: bytearray
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.. index:: pair: object; bytearray
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:class:`bytearray` objects are a mutable counterpart to :class:`bytes`
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:class:`bytearray` objects are a mutable counterpart to :class:`bytes`
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objects.
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objects.
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Set Types --- :class:`set`, :class:`frozenset`
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Set Types --- :class:`set`, :class:`frozenset`
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==============================================
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==============================================
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.. index:: object: set
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.. index:: pair: object; set
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A :dfn:`set` object is an unordered collection of distinct :term:`hashable` objects.
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A :dfn:`set` object is an unordered collection of distinct :term:`hashable` objects.
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Common uses include membership testing, removing duplicates from a sequence, and
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Common uses include membership testing, removing duplicates from a sequence, and
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===============================
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===============================
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.. index::
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.. index::
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object: mapping
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pair: object; mapping
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object: dictionary
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pair: object; dictionary
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triple: operations on; mapping; types
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triple: operations on; mapping; types
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triple: operations on; dictionary; type
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triple: operations on; dictionary; type
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statement: del
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statement: del
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@ -4889,7 +4889,7 @@ Generic Alias Type
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------------------
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------------------
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|
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.. index::
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.. index::
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object: GenericAlias
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pair: object; GenericAlias
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pair: Generic; Alias
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pair: Generic; Alias
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|
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``GenericAlias`` objects are generally created by
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``GenericAlias`` objects are generally created by
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@ -5144,7 +5144,7 @@ Union Type
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----------
|
----------
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.. index::
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.. index::
|
||||||
object: Union
|
pair: object; Union
|
||||||
pair: union; type
|
pair: union; type
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
A union object holds the value of the ``|`` (bitwise or) operation on
|
A union object holds the value of the ``|`` (bitwise or) operation on
|
||||||
|
@ -5301,7 +5301,7 @@ See :ref:`function` for more information.
|
||||||
Methods
|
Methods
|
||||||
-------
|
-------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. index:: object: method
|
.. index:: pair: object; method
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Methods are functions that are called using the attribute notation. There are
|
Methods are functions that are called using the attribute notation. There are
|
||||||
two flavors: built-in methods (such as :meth:`append` on lists) and class
|
two flavors: built-in methods (such as :meth:`append` on lists) and class
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ always available.
|
||||||
object <traceback-objects>` which typically encapsulates the call
|
object <traceback-objects>` which typically encapsulates the call
|
||||||
stack at the point where the exception last occurred.
|
stack at the point where the exception last occurred.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. index:: object: traceback
|
.. index:: pair: object; traceback
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If no exception is being handled anywhere on the stack, this function
|
If no exception is being handled anywhere on the stack, this function
|
||||||
return a tuple containing three ``None`` values.
|
return a tuple containing three ``None`` values.
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ interpreter when it prints a stack trace. This is useful when you want to print
|
||||||
stack traces under program control, such as in a "wrapper" around the
|
stack traces under program control, such as in a "wrapper" around the
|
||||||
interpreter.
|
interpreter.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. index:: object: traceback
|
.. index:: pair: object; traceback
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The module uses traceback objects --- these are objects of type :class:`types.TracebackType`,
|
The module uses traceback objects --- these are objects of type :class:`types.TracebackType`,
|
||||||
which are assigned to the ``__traceback__`` field of :class:`BaseException` instances.
|
which are assigned to the ``__traceback__`` field of :class:`BaseException` instances.
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ The :keyword:`!for` statement
|
||||||
pair: keyword; else
|
pair: keyword; else
|
||||||
pair: target; list
|
pair: target; list
|
||||||
pair: loop; statement
|
pair: loop; statement
|
||||||
object: sequence
|
pair: object; sequence
|
||||||
single: : (colon); compound statement
|
single: : (colon); compound statement
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The :keyword:`for` statement is used to iterate over the elements of a sequence
|
The :keyword:`for` statement is used to iterate over the elements of a sequence
|
||||||
|
@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ keeping all locals in that frame alive until the next garbage collection occurs.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
pair: module; sys
|
pair: module; sys
|
||||||
object: traceback
|
pair: object; traceback
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Before an :keyword:`!except` clause's suite is executed,
|
Before an :keyword:`!except` clause's suite is executed,
|
||||||
the exception is stored in the :mod:`sys` module, where it can be accessed
|
the exception is stored in the :mod:`sys` module, where it can be accessed
|
||||||
|
@ -1194,8 +1194,8 @@ Function definitions
|
||||||
pair: function; definition
|
pair: function; definition
|
||||||
pair: function; name
|
pair: function; name
|
||||||
pair: name; binding
|
pair: name; binding
|
||||||
object: user-defined function
|
pair: object; user-defined function
|
||||||
object: function
|
pair: object; function
|
||||||
pair: function; name
|
pair: function; name
|
||||||
pair: name; binding
|
pair: name; binding
|
||||||
single: () (parentheses); function definition
|
single: () (parentheses); function definition
|
||||||
|
@ -1363,7 +1363,7 @@ Class definitions
|
||||||
=================
|
=================
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
object: class
|
pair: object; class
|
||||||
statement: class
|
statement: class
|
||||||
pair: class; definition
|
pair: class; definition
|
||||||
pair: class; name
|
pair: class; name
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ attributes.' These are attributes that provide access to the implementation and
|
||||||
are not intended for general use. Their definition may change in the future.
|
are not intended for general use. Their definition may change in the future.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
None
|
None
|
||||||
.. index:: object: None
|
.. index:: pair: object; None
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This type has a single value. There is a single object with this value. This
|
This type has a single value. There is a single object with this value. This
|
||||||
object is accessed through the built-in name ``None``. It is used to signify the
|
object is accessed through the built-in name ``None``. It is used to signify the
|
||||||
|
@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ None
|
||||||
don't explicitly return anything. Its truth value is false.
|
don't explicitly return anything. Its truth value is false.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
NotImplemented
|
NotImplemented
|
||||||
.. index:: object: NotImplemented
|
.. index:: pair: object; NotImplemented
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This type has a single value. There is a single object with this value. This
|
This type has a single value. There is a single object with this value. This
|
||||||
object is accessed through the built-in name ``NotImplemented``. Numeric methods
|
object is accessed through the built-in name ``NotImplemented``. Numeric methods
|
||||||
|
@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ NotImplemented
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Ellipsis
|
Ellipsis
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
object: Ellipsis
|
pair: object; Ellipsis
|
||||||
single: ...; ellipsis literal
|
single: ...; ellipsis literal
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This type has a single value. There is a single object with this value. This
|
This type has a single value. There is a single object with this value. This
|
||||||
|
@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ Ellipsis
|
||||||
``Ellipsis``. Its truth value is true.
|
``Ellipsis``. Its truth value is true.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
:class:`numbers.Number`
|
:class:`numbers.Number`
|
||||||
.. index:: object: numeric
|
.. index:: pair: object; numeric
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
These are created by numeric literals and returned as results by arithmetic
|
These are created by numeric literals and returned as results by arithmetic
|
||||||
operators and arithmetic built-in functions. Numeric objects are immutable;
|
operators and arithmetic built-in functions. Numeric objects are immutable;
|
||||||
|
@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ Ellipsis
|
||||||
numbers:
|
numbers:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
:class:`numbers.Integral`
|
:class:`numbers.Integral`
|
||||||
.. index:: object: integer
|
.. index:: pair: object; integer
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
These represent elements from the mathematical set of integers (positive and
|
These represent elements from the mathematical set of integers (positive and
|
||||||
negative).
|
negative).
|
||||||
|
@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ Ellipsis
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Booleans (:class:`bool`)
|
Booleans (:class:`bool`)
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
object: Boolean
|
pair: object; Boolean
|
||||||
single: False
|
single: False
|
||||||
single: True
|
single: True
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ Ellipsis
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
:class:`numbers.Real` (:class:`float`)
|
:class:`numbers.Real` (:class:`float`)
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
object: floating point
|
pair: object; floating point
|
||||||
pair: floating point; number
|
pair: floating point; number
|
||||||
pair: C; language
|
pair: C; language
|
||||||
pair: Java; language
|
pair: Java; language
|
||||||
|
@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ Ellipsis
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
:class:`numbers.Complex` (:class:`complex`)
|
:class:`numbers.Complex` (:class:`complex`)
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
object: complex
|
pair: object; complex
|
||||||
pair: complex; number
|
pair: complex; number
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
These represent complex numbers as a pair of machine-level double precision
|
These represent complex numbers as a pair of machine-level double precision
|
||||||
|
@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ Ellipsis
|
||||||
Sequences
|
Sequences
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
builtin: len
|
builtin: len
|
||||||
object: sequence
|
pair: object; sequence
|
||||||
single: index operation
|
single: index operation
|
||||||
single: item selection
|
single: item selection
|
||||||
single: subscription
|
single: subscription
|
||||||
|
@ -293,8 +293,8 @@ Sequences
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Immutable sequences
|
Immutable sequences
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
object: immutable sequence
|
pair: object; immutable sequence
|
||||||
object: immutable
|
pair: object; immutable
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
An object of an immutable sequence type cannot change once it is created. (If
|
An object of an immutable sequence type cannot change once it is created. (If
|
||||||
the object contains references to other objects, these other objects may be
|
the object contains references to other objects, these other objects may be
|
||||||
|
@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ Sequences
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Tuples
|
Tuples
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
object: tuple
|
pair: object; tuple
|
||||||
pair: singleton; tuple
|
pair: singleton; tuple
|
||||||
pair: empty; tuple
|
pair: empty; tuple
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -350,8 +350,8 @@ Sequences
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Mutable sequences
|
Mutable sequences
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
object: mutable sequence
|
pair: object; mutable sequence
|
||||||
object: mutable
|
pair: object; mutable
|
||||||
pair: assignment; statement
|
pair: assignment; statement
|
||||||
single: subscription
|
single: subscription
|
||||||
single: slicing
|
single: slicing
|
||||||
|
@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ Sequences
|
||||||
There are currently two intrinsic mutable sequence types:
|
There are currently two intrinsic mutable sequence types:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Lists
|
Lists
|
||||||
.. index:: object: list
|
.. index:: pair: object; list
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The items of a list are arbitrary Python objects. Lists are formed by
|
The items of a list are arbitrary Python objects. Lists are formed by
|
||||||
placing a comma-separated list of expressions in square brackets. (Note
|
placing a comma-separated list of expressions in square brackets. (Note
|
||||||
|
@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ Sequences
|
||||||
Set types
|
Set types
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
builtin: len
|
builtin: len
|
||||||
object: set type
|
pair: object; set type
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
These represent unordered, finite sets of unique, immutable objects. As such,
|
These represent unordered, finite sets of unique, immutable objects. As such,
|
||||||
they cannot be indexed by any subscript. However, they can be iterated over, and
|
they cannot be indexed by any subscript. However, they can be iterated over, and
|
||||||
|
@ -402,14 +402,14 @@ Set types
|
||||||
There are currently two intrinsic set types:
|
There are currently two intrinsic set types:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Sets
|
Sets
|
||||||
.. index:: object: set
|
.. index:: pair: object; set
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
These represent a mutable set. They are created by the built-in :func:`set`
|
These represent a mutable set. They are created by the built-in :func:`set`
|
||||||
constructor and can be modified afterwards by several methods, such as
|
constructor and can be modified afterwards by several methods, such as
|
||||||
:meth:`~set.add`.
|
:meth:`~set.add`.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Frozen sets
|
Frozen sets
|
||||||
.. index:: object: frozenset
|
.. index:: pair: object; frozenset
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
These represent an immutable set. They are created by the built-in
|
These represent an immutable set. They are created by the built-in
|
||||||
:func:`frozenset` constructor. As a frozenset is immutable and
|
:func:`frozenset` constructor. As a frozenset is immutable and
|
||||||
|
@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ Mappings
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
builtin: len
|
builtin: len
|
||||||
single: subscription
|
single: subscription
|
||||||
object: mapping
|
pair: object; mapping
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
These represent finite sets of objects indexed by arbitrary index sets. The
|
These represent finite sets of objects indexed by arbitrary index sets. The
|
||||||
subscript notation ``a[k]`` selects the item indexed by ``k`` from the mapping
|
subscript notation ``a[k]`` selects the item indexed by ``k`` from the mapping
|
||||||
|
@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ Mappings
|
||||||
There is currently a single intrinsic mapping type:
|
There is currently a single intrinsic mapping type:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Dictionaries
|
Dictionaries
|
||||||
.. index:: object: dictionary
|
.. index:: pair: object; dictionary
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
These represent finite sets of objects indexed by nearly arbitrary values. The
|
These represent finite sets of objects indexed by nearly arbitrary values. The
|
||||||
only types of values not acceptable as keys are values containing lists or
|
only types of values not acceptable as keys are values containing lists or
|
||||||
|
@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ Mappings
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Callable types
|
Callable types
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
object: callable
|
pair: object; callable
|
||||||
pair: function; call
|
pair: function; call
|
||||||
single: invocation
|
single: invocation
|
||||||
pair: function; argument
|
pair: function; argument
|
||||||
|
@ -476,8 +476,8 @@ Callable types
|
||||||
User-defined functions
|
User-defined functions
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
pair: user-defined; function
|
pair: user-defined; function
|
||||||
object: function
|
pair: object; function
|
||||||
object: user-defined function
|
pair: object; user-defined function
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
A user-defined function object is created by a function definition (see
|
A user-defined function object is created by a function definition (see
|
||||||
section :ref:`function`). It should be called with an argument list
|
section :ref:`function`). It should be called with an argument list
|
||||||
|
@ -580,8 +580,8 @@ Callable types
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Instance methods
|
Instance methods
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
object: method
|
pair: object; method
|
||||||
object: user-defined method
|
pair: object; user-defined method
|
||||||
pair: user-defined; method
|
pair: user-defined; method
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
An instance method object combines a class, a class instance and any
|
An instance method object combines a class, a class instance and any
|
||||||
|
@ -688,8 +688,8 @@ Callable types
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Built-in functions
|
Built-in functions
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
object: built-in function
|
pair: object; built-in function
|
||||||
object: function
|
pair: object; function
|
||||||
pair: C; language
|
pair: C; language
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
A built-in function object is a wrapper around a C function. Examples of
|
A built-in function object is a wrapper around a C function. Examples of
|
||||||
|
@ -703,8 +703,8 @@ Callable types
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Built-in methods
|
Built-in methods
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
object: built-in method
|
pair: object; built-in method
|
||||||
object: method
|
pair: object; method
|
||||||
pair: built-in; method
|
pair: built-in; method
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This is really a different disguise of a built-in function, this time containing
|
This is really a different disguise of a built-in function, this time containing
|
||||||
|
@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ Callable types
|
||||||
Modules
|
Modules
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
statement: import
|
statement: import
|
||||||
object: module
|
pair: object; module
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Modules are a basic organizational unit of Python code, and are created by
|
Modules are a basic organizational unit of Python code, and are created by
|
||||||
the :ref:`import system <importsystem>` as invoked either by the
|
the :ref:`import system <importsystem>` as invoked either by the
|
||||||
|
@ -805,12 +805,12 @@ Custom classes
|
||||||
.. XXX: Could we add that MRO doc as an appendix to the language ref?
|
.. XXX: Could we add that MRO doc as an appendix to the language ref?
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
object: class
|
pair: object; class
|
||||||
object: class instance
|
pair: object; class instance
|
||||||
object: instance
|
pair: object; instance
|
||||||
pair: class object; call
|
pair: class object; call
|
||||||
single: container
|
single: container
|
||||||
object: dictionary
|
pair: object; dictionary
|
||||||
pair: class; attribute
|
pair: class; attribute
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
When a class attribute reference (for class :class:`C`, say) would yield a
|
When a class attribute reference (for class :class:`C`, say) would yield a
|
||||||
|
@ -865,8 +865,8 @@ Custom classes
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Class instances
|
Class instances
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
object: class instance
|
pair: object; class instance
|
||||||
object: instance
|
pair: object; instance
|
||||||
pair: class; instance
|
pair: class; instance
|
||||||
pair: class instance; attribute
|
pair: class instance; attribute
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -892,9 +892,9 @@ Class instances
|
||||||
dictionary directly.
|
dictionary directly.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
object: numeric
|
pair: object; numeric
|
||||||
object: sequence
|
pair: object; sequence
|
||||||
object: mapping
|
pair: object; mapping
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Class instances can pretend to be numbers, sequences, or mappings if they have
|
Class instances can pretend to be numbers, sequences, or mappings if they have
|
||||||
methods with certain special names. See section :ref:`specialnames`.
|
methods with certain special names. See section :ref:`specialnames`.
|
||||||
|
@ -996,7 +996,7 @@ Internal types
|
||||||
required stack size; :attr:`co_flags` is an integer encoding a number
|
required stack size; :attr:`co_flags` is an integer encoding a number
|
||||||
of flags for the interpreter.
|
of flags for the interpreter.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. index:: object: generator
|
.. index:: pair: object; generator
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The following flag bits are defined for :attr:`co_flags`: bit ``0x04`` is set if
|
The following flag bits are defined for :attr:`co_flags`: bit ``0x04`` is set if
|
||||||
the function uses the ``*arguments`` syntax to accept an arbitrary number of
|
the function uses the ``*arguments`` syntax to accept an arbitrary number of
|
||||||
|
@ -1053,7 +1053,7 @@ Internal types
|
||||||
.. _frame-objects:
|
.. _frame-objects:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Frame objects
|
Frame objects
|
||||||
.. index:: object: frame
|
.. index:: pair: object; frame
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Frame objects represent execution frames. They may occur in traceback objects
|
Frame objects represent execution frames. They may occur in traceback objects
|
||||||
(see below), and are also passed to registered trace functions.
|
(see below), and are also passed to registered trace functions.
|
||||||
|
@ -1116,7 +1116,7 @@ Internal types
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Traceback objects
|
Traceback objects
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
object: traceback
|
pair: object; traceback
|
||||||
pair: stack; trace
|
pair: stack; trace
|
||||||
pair: exception; handler
|
pair: exception; handler
|
||||||
pair: execution; stack
|
pair: execution; stack
|
||||||
|
@ -1498,7 +1498,7 @@ Basic customization
|
||||||
.. method:: object.__hash__(self)
|
.. method:: object.__hash__(self)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
object: dictionary
|
pair: object; dictionary
|
||||||
builtin: hash
|
builtin: hash
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Called by built-in function :func:`hash` and for operations on members of
|
Called by built-in function :func:`hash` and for operations on members of
|
||||||
|
@ -2506,7 +2506,7 @@ through the object's keys; for sequences, it should iterate through the values.
|
||||||
.. versionadded:: 3.4
|
.. versionadded:: 3.4
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. index:: object: slice
|
.. index:: pair: object; slice
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. note::
|
.. note::
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ List displays
|
||||||
pair: list; display
|
pair: list; display
|
||||||
pair: list; comprehensions
|
pair: list; comprehensions
|
||||||
pair: empty; list
|
pair: empty; list
|
||||||
object: list
|
pair: object; list
|
||||||
single: [] (square brackets); list expression
|
single: [] (square brackets); list expression
|
||||||
single: , (comma); expression list
|
single: , (comma); expression list
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ Set displays
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
pair: set; display
|
pair: set; display
|
||||||
pair: set; comprehensions
|
pair: set; comprehensions
|
||||||
object: set
|
pair: object; set
|
||||||
single: {} (curly brackets); set expression
|
single: {} (curly brackets); set expression
|
||||||
single: , (comma); expression list
|
single: , (comma); expression list
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ Dictionary displays
|
||||||
pair: dictionary; display
|
pair: dictionary; display
|
||||||
pair: dictionary; comprehensions
|
pair: dictionary; comprehensions
|
||||||
key, datum, key/datum pair
|
key, datum, key/datum pair
|
||||||
object: dictionary
|
pair: object; dictionary
|
||||||
single: {} (curly brackets); dictionary expression
|
single: {} (curly brackets); dictionary expression
|
||||||
single: : (colon); in dictionary expressions
|
single: : (colon); in dictionary expressions
|
||||||
single: , (comma); in dictionary displays
|
single: , (comma); in dictionary displays
|
||||||
|
@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ Generator expressions
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
pair: generator; expression
|
pair: generator; expression
|
||||||
object: generator
|
pair: object; generator
|
||||||
single: () (parentheses); generator expression
|
single: () (parentheses); generator expression
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
A generator expression is a compact generator notation in parentheses:
|
A generator expression is a compact generator notation in parentheses:
|
||||||
|
@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ on the right hand side of an assignment statement.
|
||||||
The proposal that expanded on :pep:`492` by adding generator capabilities to
|
The proposal that expanded on :pep:`492` by adding generator capabilities to
|
||||||
coroutine functions.
|
coroutine functions.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. index:: object: generator
|
.. index:: pair: object; generator
|
||||||
.. _generator-methods:
|
.. _generator-methods:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Generator-iterator methods
|
Generator-iterator methods
|
||||||
|
@ -701,7 +701,7 @@ of a *finalizer* method see the implementation of
|
||||||
The expression ``yield from <expr>`` is a syntax error when used in an
|
The expression ``yield from <expr>`` is a syntax error when used in an
|
||||||
asynchronous generator function.
|
asynchronous generator function.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. index:: object: asynchronous-generator
|
.. index:: pair: object; asynchronous-generator
|
||||||
.. _asynchronous-generator-methods:
|
.. _asynchronous-generator-methods:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Asynchronous generator-iterator methods
|
Asynchronous generator-iterator methods
|
||||||
|
@ -811,8 +811,8 @@ An attribute reference is a primary followed by a period and a name:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
exception: AttributeError
|
exception: AttributeError
|
||||||
object: module
|
pair: object; module
|
||||||
object: list
|
pair: object; list
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The primary must evaluate to an object of a type that supports attribute
|
The primary must evaluate to an object of a type that supports attribute
|
||||||
references, which most objects do. This object is then asked to produce the
|
references, which most objects do. This object is then asked to produce the
|
||||||
|
@ -833,12 +833,12 @@ Subscriptions
|
||||||
single: [] (square brackets); subscription
|
single: [] (square brackets); subscription
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
object: sequence
|
pair: object; sequence
|
||||||
object: mapping
|
pair: object; mapping
|
||||||
object: string
|
pair: object; string
|
||||||
object: tuple
|
pair: object; tuple
|
||||||
object: list
|
pair: object; list
|
||||||
object: dictionary
|
pair: object; dictionary
|
||||||
pair: sequence; item
|
pair: sequence; item
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The subscription of an instance of a :ref:`container class <sequence-types>`
|
The subscription of an instance of a :ref:`container class <sequence-types>`
|
||||||
|
@ -906,10 +906,10 @@ Slicings
|
||||||
single: , (comma); slicing
|
single: , (comma); slicing
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
object: sequence
|
pair: object; sequence
|
||||||
object: string
|
pair: object; string
|
||||||
object: tuple
|
pair: object; tuple
|
||||||
object: list
|
pair: object; list
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
A slicing selects a range of items in a sequence object (e.g., a string, tuple
|
A slicing selects a range of items in a sequence object (e.g., a string, tuple
|
||||||
or list). Slicings may be used as expressions or as targets in assignment or
|
or list). Slicings may be used as expressions or as targets in assignment or
|
||||||
|
@ -950,7 +950,7 @@ substituting ``None`` for missing expressions.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
object: callable
|
pair: object; callable
|
||||||
single: call
|
single: call
|
||||||
single: argument; call semantics
|
single: argument; call semantics
|
||||||
single: () (parentheses); call
|
single: () (parentheses); call
|
||||||
|
@ -1100,8 +1100,8 @@ a user-defined function:
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
pair: function; call
|
pair: function; call
|
||||||
triple: user-defined; function; call
|
triple: user-defined; function; call
|
||||||
object: user-defined function
|
pair: object; user-defined function
|
||||||
object: function
|
pair: object; function
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The code block for the function is executed, passing it the argument list. The
|
The code block for the function is executed, passing it the argument list. The
|
||||||
first thing the code block will do is bind the formal parameters to the
|
first thing the code block will do is bind the formal parameters to the
|
||||||
|
@ -1115,25 +1115,25 @@ a built-in function or method:
|
||||||
pair: built-in function; call
|
pair: built-in function; call
|
||||||
pair: method; call
|
pair: method; call
|
||||||
pair: built-in method; call
|
pair: built-in method; call
|
||||||
object: built-in method
|
pair: object; built-in method
|
||||||
object: built-in function
|
pair: object; built-in function
|
||||||
object: method
|
pair: object; method
|
||||||
object: function
|
pair: object; function
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The result is up to the interpreter; see :ref:`built-in-funcs` for the
|
The result is up to the interpreter; see :ref:`built-in-funcs` for the
|
||||||
descriptions of built-in functions and methods.
|
descriptions of built-in functions and methods.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
a class object:
|
a class object:
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
object: class
|
pair: object; class
|
||||||
pair: class object; call
|
pair: class object; call
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
A new instance of that class is returned.
|
A new instance of that class is returned.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
a class instance method:
|
a class instance method:
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
object: class instance
|
pair: object; class instance
|
||||||
object: instance
|
pair: object; instance
|
||||||
pair: class instance; call
|
pair: class instance; call
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The corresponding user-defined function is called, with an argument list that is
|
The corresponding user-defined function is called, with an argument list that is
|
||||||
|
@ -1672,7 +1672,7 @@ if :keyword:`in` raised that exception).
|
||||||
pair: operator; in
|
pair: operator; in
|
||||||
pair: operator; not in
|
pair: operator; not in
|
||||||
pair: membership; test
|
pair: membership; test
|
||||||
object: sequence
|
pair: object; sequence
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The operator :keyword:`not in` is defined to have the inverse truth value of
|
The operator :keyword:`not in` is defined to have the inverse truth value of
|
||||||
:keyword:`in`.
|
:keyword:`in`.
|
||||||
|
@ -1854,7 +1854,7 @@ Expression lists
|
||||||
starred_expression: `expression` | (`starred_item` ",")* [`starred_item`]
|
starred_expression: `expression` | (`starred_item` ",")* [`starred_item`]
|
||||||
starred_item: `assignment_expression` | "*" `or_expr`
|
starred_item: `assignment_expression` | "*" `or_expr`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. index:: object: tuple
|
.. index:: pair: object; tuple
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Except when part of a list or set display, an expression list
|
Except when part of a list or set display, an expression list
|
||||||
containing at least one comma yields a tuple. The length of
|
containing at least one comma yields a tuple. The length of
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ expression).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
builtin: repr
|
builtin: repr
|
||||||
object: None
|
pair: object; None
|
||||||
pair: string; conversion
|
pair: string; conversion
|
||||||
single: output
|
single: output
|
||||||
pair: standard; output
|
pair: standard; output
|
||||||
|
@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ Assignment statements
|
||||||
pair: assignment; statement
|
pair: assignment; statement
|
||||||
pair: binding; name
|
pair: binding; name
|
||||||
pair: rebinding; name
|
pair: rebinding; name
|
||||||
object: mutable
|
pair: object; mutable
|
||||||
pair: attribute; assignment
|
pair: attribute; assignment
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Assignment statements are used to (re)bind names to values and to modify
|
Assignment statements are used to (re)bind names to values and to modify
|
||||||
|
@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ Assignment of an object to a single target is recursively defined as follows.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
pair: subscription; assignment
|
pair: subscription; assignment
|
||||||
object: mutable
|
pair: object; mutable
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* If the target is a subscription: The primary expression in the reference is
|
* If the target is a subscription: The primary expression in the reference is
|
||||||
evaluated. It should yield either a mutable sequence object (such as a list)
|
evaluated. It should yield either a mutable sequence object (such as a list)
|
||||||
|
@ -193,8 +193,8 @@ Assignment of an object to a single target is recursively defined as follows.
|
||||||
evaluated.
|
evaluated.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
object: sequence
|
pair: object; sequence
|
||||||
object: list
|
pair: object; list
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If the primary is a mutable sequence object (such as a list), the subscript
|
If the primary is a mutable sequence object (such as a list), the subscript
|
||||||
must yield an integer. If it is negative, the sequence's length is added to
|
must yield an integer. If it is negative, the sequence's length is added to
|
||||||
|
@ -204,8 +204,8 @@ Assignment of an object to a single target is recursively defined as follows.
|
||||||
raised (assignment to a subscripted sequence cannot add new items to a list).
|
raised (assignment to a subscripted sequence cannot add new items to a list).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
object: mapping
|
pair: object; mapping
|
||||||
object: dictionary
|
pair: object; dictionary
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If the primary is a mapping object (such as a dictionary), the subscript must
|
If the primary is a mapping object (such as a dictionary), the subscript must
|
||||||
have a type compatible with the mapping's key type, and the mapping is then
|
have a type compatible with the mapping's key type, and the mapping is then
|
||||||
|
@ -574,7 +574,7 @@ instantiating the class with no arguments.
|
||||||
The :dfn:`type` of the exception is the exception instance's class, the
|
The :dfn:`type` of the exception is the exception instance's class, the
|
||||||
:dfn:`value` is the instance itself.
|
:dfn:`value` is the instance itself.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. index:: object: traceback
|
.. index:: pair: object; traceback
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
A traceback object is normally created automatically when an exception is raised
|
A traceback object is normally created automatically when an exception is raised
|
||||||
and attached to it as the :attr:`__traceback__` attribute, which is writable.
|
and attached to it as the :attr:`__traceback__` attribute, which is writable.
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ def patch_pairindextypes(app) -> None:
|
||||||
pairindextypes.pop('module', None)
|
pairindextypes.pop('module', None)
|
||||||
pairindextypes.pop('keyword', None)
|
pairindextypes.pop('keyword', None)
|
||||||
pairindextypes.pop('operator', None)
|
pairindextypes.pop('operator', None)
|
||||||
# pairindextypes.pop('object', None)
|
pairindextypes.pop('object', None)
|
||||||
# pairindextypes.pop('exception', None)
|
# pairindextypes.pop('exception', None)
|
||||||
# pairindextypes.pop('statement', None)
|
# pairindextypes.pop('statement', None)
|
||||||
# pairindextypes.pop('builtin', None)
|
# pairindextypes.pop('builtin', None)
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ list objects have methods called append, insert, remove, sort, and so on.
|
||||||
However, in the following discussion, we'll use the term method exclusively to
|
However, in the following discussion, we'll use the term method exclusively to
|
||||||
mean methods of class instance objects, unless explicitly stated otherwise.)
|
mean methods of class instance objects, unless explicitly stated otherwise.)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. index:: object: method
|
.. index:: pair: object; method
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Valid method names of an instance object depend on its class. By definition,
|
Valid method names of an instance object depend on its class. By definition,
|
||||||
all attributes of a class that are function objects define corresponding
|
all attributes of a class that are function objects define corresponding
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ Reading and Writing Files
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.. index::
|
.. index::
|
||||||
builtin: open
|
builtin: open
|
||||||
object: file
|
pair: object; file
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
:func:`open` returns a :term:`file object`, and is most commonly used with
|
:func:`open` returns a :term:`file object`, and is most commonly used with
|
||||||
two positional arguments and one keyword argument:
|
two positional arguments and one keyword argument:
|
||||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue