mirror of https://github.com/python/cpython
Turtle graphics
This commit is contained in:
Guido van Rossum
parent
dce3d5502e
commit
3fbe67abd1
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# LogoMation-like turtle graphics
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from math import * # Also for export
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import Tkinter
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Tk = Tkinter
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Error = Exception
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class RawPen:
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def __init__(self, canvas):
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self._canvas = canvas
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self._items = []
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self._tracing = 1
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self.degrees()
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self.reset()
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def degrees(self, fullcircle=360.0):
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self._fullcircle = fullcircle
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self._invradian = pi / (fullcircle * 0.5)
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def radians(self):
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self.degrees(2.0*pi)
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def reset(self):
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canvas = self._canvas
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width = canvas.winfo_width()
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height = canvas.winfo_height()
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if width <= 1:
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width = canvas['width']
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if height <= 1:
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height = canvas['height']
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self._origin = float(width)/2.0, float(height)/2.0
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self._position = self._origin
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self._angle = 0.0
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self._drawing = 1
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self._width = 1
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self._color = "black"
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self._filling = 0
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self._path = []
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self._tofill = []
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self.clear()
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def clear(self):
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self.fill(0)
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canvas = self._canvas
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items = self._items
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self._items = []
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for item in items:
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canvas.delete(item)
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def tracer(self, flag):
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self._tracing = flag
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def forward(self, distance):
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x0, y0 = start = self._position
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x1 = x0 + distance * cos(self._angle*self._invradian)
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y1 = y0 - distance * sin(self._angle*self._invradian)
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self.goto(x1, y1)
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def backward(self, distance):
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self.forward(-distance)
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def left(self, angle):
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self._angle = (self._angle + angle) % self._fullcircle
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def right(self, angle):
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self.left(-angle)
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def up(self):
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self._drawing = 0
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def down(self):
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self._drawing = 1
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def width(self, width):
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self._width = float(width)
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def color(self, *args):
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if not args:
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raise Error, "no color arguments"
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if len(args) == 1:
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color = args[0]
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if type(color) == type(""):
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# Test the color first
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try:
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id = self._canvas.create_line(0, 0, 0, 0, fill=color)
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except Tk.TclError:
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raise Error, "bad color string: %s" % `color`
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self._color = color
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return
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try:
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r, g, b = color
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except:
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raise Error, "bad color sequence: %s" % `color`
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else:
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try:
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r, g, b = args
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except:
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raise Error, "bad color arguments: %s" % `args`
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assert 0 <= r <= 1
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assert 0 <= g <= 1
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assert 0 <= b <= 1
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x = 255.0
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y = 0.5
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self._color = "#%02x%02x%02x" % (int(r*x+y), int(g*x+y), int(b*x+y))
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def write(self, arg, move=0):
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x, y = start = self._position
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item = self._canvas.create_text(x, y,
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text=str(arg), anchor="sw",
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fill=self._color)
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self._items.append(item)
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if move:
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x0, y0, x1, y1 = self._canvas.bbox(item)
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x1 = x1-1 # correction -- calibrated for Windows
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self.goto(x1, y1)
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def fill(self, flag):
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if self._filling:
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path = tuple(self._path)
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smooth = self._filling < 0
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if len(path) > 2:
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item = self._canvas._create('polygon', path,
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{'fill': self._color,
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'smooth': smooth})
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self._items.append(item)
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self._canvas.lower(item)
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if self._tofill:
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for item in self._tofill:
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self._canvas.itemconfigure(item, fill=self._color)
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self._items.append(item)
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self._path = []
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self._tofill = []
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self._filling = flag
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if flag:
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self._path.append(self._position)
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def circle(self, radius, extent=None):
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if extent is None:
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extent = self._fullcircle
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x0, y0 = self._position
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xc = x0 - radius * sin(self._angle * self._invradian)
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yc = y0 - radius * cos(self._angle * self._invradian)
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if radius >= 0.0:
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start = self._angle - 90.0
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else:
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start = self._angle + 90.0
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extent = -extent
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if self._filling:
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if abs(extent) >= self._fullcircle:
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item = self._canvas.create_oval(xc-radius, yc-radius,
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xc+radius, yc+radius,
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width=self._width,
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outline="")
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self._tofill.append(item)
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item = self._canvas.create_arc(xc-radius, yc-radius,
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xc+radius, yc+radius,
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style="chord",
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start=start,
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extent=extent,
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width=self._width,
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outline="")
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self._tofill.append(item)
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if self._drawing:
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if abs(extent) >= self._fullcircle:
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item = self._canvas.create_oval(xc-radius, yc-radius,
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xc+radius, yc+radius,
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width=self._width,
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outline=self._color)
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self._items.append(item)
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item = self._canvas.create_arc(xc-radius, yc-radius,
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xc+radius, yc+radius,
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style="arc",
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start=start,
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extent=extent,
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width=self._width,
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outline=self._color)
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self._items.append(item)
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angle = start + extent
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x1 = xc + abs(radius) * cos(angle * self._invradian)
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y1 = yc - abs(radius) * sin(angle * self._invradian)
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self._angle = (self._angle + extent) % self._fullcircle
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self._position = x1, y1
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if self._filling:
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self._path.append(self._position)
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def goto(self, *args):
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if len(args) == 1:
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try:
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x1, y1 = args[0]
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except:
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raise Error, "bad point argument: %s" % `args[0]`
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else:
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try:
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x1, y1 = args
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except:
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raise Error, "bad coordinates: %s" % `args[0]`
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x0, y0 = start = self._position
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self._position = map(float, (x1, y1))
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if self._filling:
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self._path.append(self._position)
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if self._drawing:
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if self._tracing:
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dx = float(x1 - x0)
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dy = float(y1 - y0)
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distance = hypot(dx, dy)
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nhops = int(distance)
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item = self._canvas.create_line(x0, y0, x0, y0,
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width=self._width,
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arrow="last",
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capstyle="round",
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fill=self._color)
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for i in range(1, 1+nhops):
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x, y = x0 + dx*i/nhops, y0 + dy*i/nhops
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self._canvas.coords(item, x0, y0, x, y)
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self._canvas.update()
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self._canvas.after(10)
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self._canvas.itemconfigure(item, arrow="none")
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else:
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item = self._canvas.create_line(x0, y0, x1, y1,
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width=self._width,
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capstyle="round",
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fill=self._color)
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self._items.append(item)
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_root = None
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_canvas = None
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class Pen(RawPen):
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def __init__(self):
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global _root, _canvas
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if _root is None:
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_root = Tk.Tk()
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if _canvas is None:
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# XXX Should have scroll bars
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_canvas = Tk.Canvas(_root, background="white")
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_canvas.pack(expand=1, fill="both")
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RawPen.__init__(self, _canvas)
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_pen = None
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def _getpen():
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global _pen
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pen = _pen
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if not pen:
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_pen = pen = Pen()
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return pen
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def degrees(): _getpen().degrees()
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def radians(): _getpen().radians()
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def reset(): _getpen().reset()
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def clear(): _getpen().clear()
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def tracer(flag): _getpen().tracer(flag)
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def forward(distance): _getpen().forward(distance)
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def backward(distance): _getpen().backward(distance)
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def left(angle): _getpen().left(angle)
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def right(angle): _getpen().right(angle)
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def up(): _getpen().up()
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def down(): _getpen().down()
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def width(width): _getpen().width(width)
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def color(*args): apply(_getpen().color, args)
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def write(arg, move=0): _getpen().write(arg, move)
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def fill(flag): _getpen().fill(flag)
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def circle(radius, extent=None): _getpen().circle(radius, extent)
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def goto(*args): apply(_getpen().goto, args)
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def demo():
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reset()
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tracer(1)
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up()
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backward(100)
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down()
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# draw 3 squares; the last filled
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width(3)
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for i in range(3):
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if i == 2:
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fill(1)
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for j in range(4):
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forward(20)
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left(90)
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if i == 2:
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color("maroon")
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fill(0)
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up()
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forward(30)
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down()
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width(1)
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color("black")
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# move out of the way
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tracer(0)
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up()
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right(90)
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forward(100)
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right(90)
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forward(100)
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right(180)
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down()
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# some text
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write("startstart", 1)
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write("start", 1)
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color("red")
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# staircase
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for i in range(5):
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forward(20)
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left(90)
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forward(20)
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right(90)
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# filled staircase
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fill(1)
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for i in range(5):
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forward(20)
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left(90)
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forward(20)
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right(90)
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fill(0)
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# more text
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write("end")
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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root.mainloop()
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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demo()
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