diff --git a/Lib/test/test_exceptions.py b/Lib/test/test_exceptions.py
index 7f1d5ee9322..8ccf08703e5 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_exceptions.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_exceptions.py
@@ -1844,6 +1844,13 @@ class NameErrorTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIn("nonsense", err.getvalue())
         self.assertIn("ZeroDivisionError", err.getvalue())
 
+    def test_gh_111654(self):
+        def f():
+            class TestClass:
+                TestClass
+
+        self.assertRaises(NameError, f)
+
     # Note: name suggestion tests live in `test_traceback`.
 
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2023-11-03-01-04-55.gh-issue-111654.scUhDO.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2023-11-03-01-04-55.gh-issue-111654.scUhDO.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e9a896e6609
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2023-11-03-01-04-55.gh-issue-111654.scUhDO.rst	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fix runtime crash when some error happens in opcode
+``LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF``.
diff --git a/Python/bytecodes.c b/Python/bytecodes.c
index 9f1dfa3b723..ddaae32f438 100644
--- a/Python/bytecodes.c
+++ b/Python/bytecodes.c
@@ -1535,10 +1535,8 @@ dummy_func(
             assert(oparg >= 0 && oparg < _PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_nlocalsplus);
             name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_localsplusnames, oparg);
             if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(class_dict, name, &value) < 0) {
-                Py_DECREF(class_dict);
                 GOTO_ERROR(error);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(class_dict);
             if (!value) {
                 PyObject *cell = GETLOCAL(oparg);
                 value = PyCell_GET(cell);
@@ -1548,6 +1546,7 @@ dummy_func(
                 }
                 Py_INCREF(value);
             }
+            Py_DECREF(class_dict);
         }
 
         inst(LOAD_DEREF, ( -- value)) {
diff --git a/Python/executor_cases.c.h b/Python/executor_cases.c.h
index 903fc40595c..eb56c34b432 100644
--- a/Python/executor_cases.c.h
+++ b/Python/executor_cases.c.h
@@ -1241,10 +1241,8 @@
             assert(oparg >= 0 && oparg < _PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_nlocalsplus);
             name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_localsplusnames, oparg);
             if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(class_dict, name, &value) < 0) {
-                Py_DECREF(class_dict);
                 GOTO_ERROR(error);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(class_dict);
             if (!value) {
                 PyObject *cell = GETLOCAL(oparg);
                 value = PyCell_GET(cell);
@@ -1254,6 +1252,7 @@
                 }
                 Py_INCREF(value);
             }
+            Py_DECREF(class_dict);
             stack_pointer[-1] = value;
             break;
         }
diff --git a/Python/generated_cases.c.h b/Python/generated_cases.c.h
index 38c368fcc10..5c3a579f79a 100644
--- a/Python/generated_cases.c.h
+++ b/Python/generated_cases.c.h
@@ -2204,10 +2204,8 @@
             assert(oparg >= 0 && oparg < _PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_nlocalsplus);
             name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_localsplusnames, oparg);
             if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(class_dict, name, &value) < 0) {
-                Py_DECREF(class_dict);
                 GOTO_ERROR(error);
             }
-            Py_DECREF(class_dict);
             if (!value) {
                 PyObject *cell = GETLOCAL(oparg);
                 value = PyCell_GET(cell);
@@ -2217,6 +2215,7 @@
                 }
                 Py_INCREF(value);
             }
+            Py_DECREF(class_dict);
             stack_pointer[-1] = value;
             DISPATCH();
         }