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svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/branches/py3k ........ r80092 | senthil.kumaran | 2010-04-15 22:48:22 +0530 (Thu, 15 Apr 2010) | 2 lines Fix Issue5419 - explaining bytes return value of urlopen, use of .decode() to convert to str. ........
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@ -1073,23 +1073,39 @@ Examples
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--------
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This example gets the python.org main page and displays the first 100 bytes of
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it::
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it.::
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>>> import urllib.request
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>>> f = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.python.org/')
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>>> print(f.read(100))
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b'<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<?xml-stylesheet href="./css/ht2html'
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Note that in Python 3, urlopen returns a bytes object by default. In many
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circumstances, you might expect the output of urlopen to be a string. This
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might be a carried over expectation from Python 2, where urlopen returned
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string or it might even the common usecase. In those cases, you should
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explicitly decode the bytes to string.
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In the examples below, we have chosen *utf-8* encoding for demonstration, you
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might choose the encoding which is suitable for the webpage you are
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requesting::
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>>> import urllib.request
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>>> f = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.python.org/')
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>>> print(f.read(100).decode('utf-8')
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<?xml-stylesheet href="./css/ht2html
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Here we are sending a data-stream to the stdin of a CGI and reading the data it
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returns to us. Note that this example will only work when the Python
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installation supports SSL. ::
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In the following example, we are sending a data-stream to the stdin of a CGI
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and reading the data it returns to us. Note that this example will only work
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when the Python installation supports SSL. ::
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>>> import urllib.request
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>>> req = urllib.request.Request(url='https://localhost/cgi-bin/test.cgi',
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... data='This data is passed to stdin of the CGI')
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>>> f = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
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>>> print(f.read())
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>>> print(f.read().decode('utf-8'))
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Got Data: "This data is passed to stdin of the CGI"
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The code for the sample CGI used in the above example is::
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@ -1161,7 +1177,7 @@ containing parameters::
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>>> import urllib.parse
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>>> params = urllib.parse.urlencode({'spam': 1, 'eggs': 2, 'bacon': 0})
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>>> f = urllib.request.urlopen("http://www.musi-cal.com/cgi-bin/query?%s" % params)
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>>> print(f.read())
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>>> print(f.read().decode('utf-8'))
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The following example uses the ``POST`` method instead::
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@ -1169,7 +1185,7 @@ The following example uses the ``POST`` method instead::
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>>> import urllib.parse
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>>> params = urllib.parse.urlencode({'spam': 1, 'eggs': 2, 'bacon': 0})
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>>> f = urllib.request.urlopen("http://www.musi-cal.com/cgi-bin/query", params)
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>>> print(f.read())
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>>> print(f.read().decode('utf-8'))
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The following example uses an explicitly specified HTTP proxy, overriding
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environment settings::
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@ -1178,14 +1194,14 @@ environment settings::
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>>> proxies = {'http': 'http://proxy.example.com:8080/'}
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>>> opener = urllib.request.FancyURLopener(proxies)
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>>> f = opener.open("http://www.python.org")
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>>> f.read()
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>>> f.read().decode('utf-8')
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The following example uses no proxies at all, overriding environment settings::
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>>> import urllib.request
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>>> opener = urllib.request.FancyURLopener({})
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>>> f = opener.open("http://www.python.org/")
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>>> f.read()
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>>> f.read().decode('utf-8')
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:mod:`urllib.request` Restrictions
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