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svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r79430 | brian.curtin | 2010-03-25 18:48:54 -0500 (Thu, 25 Mar 2010) | 2 lines Fix #6538. Markup RegexObject and MatchObject as classes. Patch by Ryan Arana. ........
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Brian Curtin
parent
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commit
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@ -705,98 +705,99 @@ form.
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Regular Expression Objects
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--------------------------
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Compiled regular expression objects support the following methods and
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attributes:
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.. class:: RegexObject
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The :class:`RegexObject` class supports the following methods and attributes:
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.. method:: RegexObject.match(string[, pos[, endpos]])
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.. method:: RegexObject.match(string[, pos[, endpos]])
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If zero or more characters at the beginning of *string* match this regular
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expression, return a corresponding :class:`MatchObject` instance. Return
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``None`` if the string does not match the pattern; note that this is different
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from a zero-length match.
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If zero or more characters at the beginning of *string* match this regular
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expression, return a corresponding :class:`MatchObject` instance. Return
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``None`` if the string does not match the pattern; note that this is different
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from a zero-length match.
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.. note::
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.. note::
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If you want to locate a match anywhere in *string*, use
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:meth:`~RegexObject.search` instead.
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If you want to locate a match anywhere in *string*, use
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:meth:`~RegexObject.search` instead.
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The optional second parameter *pos* gives an index in the string where the
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search is to start; it defaults to ``0``. This is not completely equivalent to
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slicing the string; the ``'^'`` pattern character matches at the real beginning
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of the string and at positions just after a newline, but not necessarily at the
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index where the search is to start.
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The optional second parameter *pos* gives an index in the string where the
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search is to start; it defaults to ``0``. This is not completely equivalent to
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slicing the string; the ``'^'`` pattern character matches at the real beginning
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of the string and at positions just after a newline, but not necessarily at the
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index where the search is to start.
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The optional parameter *endpos* limits how far the string will be searched; it
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will be as if the string is *endpos* characters long, so only the characters
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from *pos* to ``endpos - 1`` will be searched for a match. If *endpos* is less
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than *pos*, no match will be found, otherwise, if *rx* is a compiled regular
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expression object, ``rx.match(string, 0, 50)`` is equivalent to
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``rx.match(string[:50], 0)``.
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The optional parameter *endpos* limits how far the string will be searched; it
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will be as if the string is *endpos* characters long, so only the characters
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from *pos* to ``endpos - 1`` will be searched for a match. If *endpos* is less
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than *pos*, no match will be found, otherwise, if *rx* is a compiled regular
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expression object, ``rx.match(string, 0, 50)`` is equivalent to
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``rx.match(string[:50], 0)``.
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>>> pattern = re.compile("o")
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>>> pattern.match("dog") # No match as "o" is not at the start of "dog."
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>>> pattern.match("dog", 1) # Match as "o" is the 2nd character of "dog".
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<_sre.SRE_Match object at ...>
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>>> pattern = re.compile("o")
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>>> pattern.match("dog") # No match as "o" is not at the start of "dog."
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>>> pattern.match("dog", 1) # Match as "o" is the 2nd character of "dog".
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<_sre.SRE_Match object at ...>
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.. method:: RegexObject.search(string[, pos[, endpos]])
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.. method:: RegexObject.search(string[, pos[, endpos]])
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Scan through *string* looking for a location where this regular expression
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produces a match, and return a corresponding :class:`MatchObject` instance.
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Return ``None`` if no position in the string matches the pattern; note that this
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is different from finding a zero-length match at some point in the string.
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Scan through *string* looking for a location where this regular expression
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produces a match, and return a corresponding :class:`MatchObject` instance.
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Return ``None`` if no position in the string matches the pattern; note that this
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is different from finding a zero-length match at some point in the string.
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The optional *pos* and *endpos* parameters have the same meaning as for the
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:meth:`~RegexObject.match` method.
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The optional *pos* and *endpos* parameters have the same meaning as for the
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:meth:`~RegexObject.match` method.
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.. method:: RegexObject.split(string, maxsplit=0)
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.. method:: RegexObject.split(string[, maxsplit=0])
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Identical to the :func:`split` function, using the compiled pattern.
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Identical to the :func:`split` function, using the compiled pattern.
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.. method:: RegexObject.findall(string[, pos[, endpos]])
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.. method:: RegexObject.findall(string[, pos[, endpos]])
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Identical to the :func:`findall` function, using the compiled pattern.
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Identical to the :func:`findall` function, using the compiled pattern.
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.. method:: RegexObject.finditer(string[, pos[, endpos]])
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.. method:: RegexObject.finditer(string[, pos[, endpos]])
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Identical to the :func:`finditer` function, using the compiled pattern.
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Identical to the :func:`finditer` function, using the compiled pattern.
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.. method:: RegexObject.sub(repl, string, count=0)
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.. method:: RegexObject.sub(repl, string[, count=0])
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Identical to the :func:`sub` function, using the compiled pattern.
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Identical to the :func:`sub` function, using the compiled pattern.
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.. method:: RegexObject.subn(repl, string, count=0)
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.. method:: RegexObject.subn(repl, string[, count=0])
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Identical to the :func:`subn` function, using the compiled pattern.
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Identical to the :func:`subn` function, using the compiled pattern.
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.. attribute:: RegexObject.flags
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.. attribute:: RegexObject.flags
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The flags argument used when the RE object was compiled, or ``0`` if no flags
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were provided.
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The flags argument used when the RE object was compiled, or ``0`` if no flags
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were provided.
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.. attribute:: RegexObject.groups
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.. attribute:: RegexObject.groups
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The number of capturing groups in the pattern.
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The number of capturing groups in the pattern.
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.. attribute:: RegexObject.groupindex
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.. attribute:: RegexObject.groupindex
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A dictionary mapping any symbolic group names defined by ``(?P<id>)`` to group
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numbers. The dictionary is empty if no symbolic groups were used in the
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pattern.
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A dictionary mapping any symbolic group names defined by ``(?P<id>)`` to group
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numbers. The dictionary is empty if no symbolic groups were used in the
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pattern.
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.. attribute:: RegexObject.pattern
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.. attribute:: RegexObject.pattern
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The pattern string from which the RE object was compiled.
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The pattern string from which the RE object was compiled.
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.. _match-objects:
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@ -804,176 +805,178 @@ attributes:
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Match Objects
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-------------
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Match objects always have a boolean value of :const:`True`, so that you can test
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whether e.g. :func:`match` resulted in a match with a simple if statement. They
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support the following methods and attributes:
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.. class:: MatchObject
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Match Objects always have a boolean value of :const:`True`, so that you can test
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whether e.g. :func:`match` resulted in a match with a simple if statement. They
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support the following methods and attributes:
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.. method:: MatchObject.expand(template)
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.. method:: MatchObject.expand(template)
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Return the string obtained by doing backslash substitution on the template
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string *template*, as done by the :meth:`~RegexObject.sub` method. Escapes
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such as ``\n`` are converted to the appropriate characters, and numeric
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backreferences (``\1``, ``\2``) and named backreferences (``\g<1>``,
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``\g<name>``) are replaced by the contents of the corresponding group.
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Return the string obtained by doing backslash substitution on the template
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string *template*, as done by the :meth:`~RegexObject.sub` method. Escapes
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such as ``\n`` are converted to the appropriate characters, and numeric
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backreferences (``\1``, ``\2``) and named backreferences (``\g<1>``,
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``\g<name>``) are replaced by the contents of the corresponding group.
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.. method:: MatchObject.group([group1, ...])
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.. method:: MatchObject.group([group1, ...])
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Returns one or more subgroups of the match. If there is a single argument, the
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result is a single string; if there are multiple arguments, the result is a
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tuple with one item per argument. Without arguments, *group1* defaults to zero
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(the whole match is returned). If a *groupN* argument is zero, the corresponding
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return value is the entire matching string; if it is in the inclusive range
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[1..99], it is the string matching the corresponding parenthesized group. If a
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group number is negative or larger than the number of groups defined in the
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pattern, an :exc:`IndexError` exception is raised. If a group is contained in a
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part of the pattern that did not match, the corresponding result is ``None``.
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If a group is contained in a part of the pattern that matched multiple times,
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the last match is returned.
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Returns one or more subgroups of the match. If there is a single argument, the
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result is a single string; if there are multiple arguments, the result is a
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tuple with one item per argument. Without arguments, *group1* defaults to zero
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(the whole match is returned). If a *groupN* argument is zero, the corresponding
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return value is the entire matching string; if it is in the inclusive range
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[1..99], it is the string matching the corresponding parenthesized group. If a
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group number is negative or larger than the number of groups defined in the
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pattern, an :exc:`IndexError` exception is raised. If a group is contained in a
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part of the pattern that did not match, the corresponding result is ``None``.
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If a group is contained in a part of the pattern that matched multiple times,
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the last match is returned.
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>>> m = re.match(r"(\w+) (\w+)", "Isaac Newton, physicist")
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>>> m.group(0) # The entire match
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'Isaac Newton'
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>>> m.group(1) # The first parenthesized subgroup.
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'Isaac'
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>>> m.group(2) # The second parenthesized subgroup.
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'Newton'
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>>> m.group(1, 2) # Multiple arguments give us a tuple.
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('Isaac', 'Newton')
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>>> m = re.match(r"(\w+) (\w+)", "Isaac Newton, physicist")
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>>> m.group(0) # The entire match
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'Isaac Newton'
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>>> m.group(1) # The first parenthesized subgroup.
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'Isaac'
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>>> m.group(2) # The second parenthesized subgroup.
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'Newton'
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>>> m.group(1, 2) # Multiple arguments give us a tuple.
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('Isaac', 'Newton')
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If the regular expression uses the ``(?P<name>...)`` syntax, the *groupN*
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arguments may also be strings identifying groups by their group name. If a
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string argument is not used as a group name in the pattern, an :exc:`IndexError`
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exception is raised.
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If the regular expression uses the ``(?P<name>...)`` syntax, the *groupN*
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arguments may also be strings identifying groups by their group name. If a
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string argument is not used as a group name in the pattern, an :exc:`IndexError`
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exception is raised.
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A moderately complicated example:
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A moderately complicated example:
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>>> m = re.match(r"(?P<first_name>\w+) (?P<last_name>\w+)", "Malcolm Reynolds")
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>>> m.group('first_name')
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'Malcolm'
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>>> m.group('last_name')
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'Reynolds'
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>>> m = re.match(r"(?P<first_name>\w+) (?P<last_name>\w+)", "Malcolm Reynolds")
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>>> m.group('first_name')
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'Malcolm'
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>>> m.group('last_name')
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'Reynolds'
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Named groups can also be referred to by their index:
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Named groups can also be referred to by their index:
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>>> m.group(1)
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'Malcolm'
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>>> m.group(2)
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'Reynolds'
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>>> m.group(1)
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'Malcolm'
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>>> m.group(2)
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'Reynolds'
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If a group matches multiple times, only the last match is accessible:
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If a group matches multiple times, only the last match is accessible:
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>>> m = re.match(r"(..)+", "a1b2c3") # Matches 3 times.
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>>> m.group(1) # Returns only the last match.
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'c3'
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>>> m = re.match(r"(..)+", "a1b2c3") # Matches 3 times.
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>>> m.group(1) # Returns only the last match.
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'c3'
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Return a tuple containing all the subgroups of the match, from 1 up to however
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many groups are in the pattern. The *default* argument is used for groups that
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did not participate in the match; it defaults to ``None``. (Incompatibility
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note: in the original Python 1.5 release, if the tuple was one element long, a
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string would be returned instead. In later versions (from 1.5.1 on), a
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singleton tuple is returned in such cases.)
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For example:
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>>> m = re.match(r"(\d+)\.(\d+)", "24.1632")
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>>> m.groups()
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('24', '1632')
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If we make the decimal place and everything after it optional, not all groups
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might participate in the match. These groups will default to ``None`` unless
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the *default* argument is given:
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>>> m = re.match(r"(\d+)\.?(\d+)?", "24")
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>>> m.groups() # Second group defaults to None.
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('24', None)
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>>> m.groups('0') # Now, the second group defaults to '0'.
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('24', '0')
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.. method:: MatchObject.groups(default=None)
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.. method:: MatchObject.groupdict([default])
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Return a tuple containing all the subgroups of the match, from 1 up to however
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many groups are in the pattern. The *default* argument is used for groups that
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did not participate in the match; it defaults to ``None``.
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Return a dictionary containing all the *named* subgroups of the match, keyed by
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the subgroup name. The *default* argument is used for groups that did not
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participate in the match; it defaults to ``None``. For example:
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For example:
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>>> m = re.match(r"(\d+)\.(\d+)", "24.1632")
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>>> m.groups()
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('24', '1632')
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If we make the decimal place and everything after it optional, not all groups
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might participate in the match. These groups will default to ``None`` unless
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the *default* argument is given:
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>>> m = re.match(r"(\d+)\.?(\d+)?", "24")
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>>> m.groups() # Second group defaults to None.
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('24', None)
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>>> m.groups('0') # Now, the second group defaults to '0'.
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('24', '0')
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>>> m = re.match(r"(?P<first_name>\w+) (?P<last_name>\w+)", "Malcolm Reynolds")
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>>> m.groupdict()
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{'first_name': 'Malcolm', 'last_name': 'Reynolds'}
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.. method:: MatchObject.groupdict(default=None)
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.. method:: MatchObject.start([group])
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MatchObject.end([group])
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Return a dictionary containing all the *named* subgroups of the match, keyed by
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the subgroup name. The *default* argument is used for groups that did not
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participate in the match; it defaults to ``None``. For example:
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Return the indices of the start and end of the substring matched by *group*;
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*group* defaults to zero (meaning the whole matched substring). Return ``-1`` if
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*group* exists but did not contribute to the match. For a match object *m*, and
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a group *g* that did contribute to the match, the substring matched by group *g*
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(equivalent to ``m.group(g)``) is ::
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>>> m = re.match(r"(?P<first_name>\w+) (?P<last_name>\w+)", "Malcolm Reynolds")
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>>> m.groupdict()
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{'first_name': 'Malcolm', 'last_name': 'Reynolds'}
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m.string[m.start(g):m.end(g)]
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Note that ``m.start(group)`` will equal ``m.end(group)`` if *group* matched a
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null string. For example, after ``m = re.search('b(c?)', 'cba')``,
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``m.start(0)`` is 1, ``m.end(0)`` is 2, ``m.start(1)`` and ``m.end(1)`` are both
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2, and ``m.start(2)`` raises an :exc:`IndexError` exception.
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An example that will remove *remove_this* from email addresses:
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>>> email = "tony@tiremove_thisger.net"
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>>> m = re.search("remove_this", email)
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>>> email[:m.start()] + email[m.end():]
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'tony@tiger.net'
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.. method:: MatchObject.start(group=0)
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MatchObject.end(group=0)
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.. method:: MatchObject.span([group])
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Return the indices of the start and end of the substring matched by *group*;
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*group* defaults to zero (meaning the whole matched substring). Return ``-1`` if
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*group* exists but did not contribute to the match. For a match object *m*, and
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a group *g* that did contribute to the match, the substring matched by group *g*
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(equivalent to ``m.group(g)``) is ::
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m.string[m.start(g):m.end(g)]
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Note that ``m.start(group)`` will equal ``m.end(group)`` if *group* matched a
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null string. For example, after ``m = re.search('b(c?)', 'cba')``,
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``m.start(0)`` is 1, ``m.end(0)`` is 2, ``m.start(1)`` and ``m.end(1)`` are both
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2, and ``m.start(2)`` raises an :exc:`IndexError` exception.
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An example that will remove *remove_this* from email addresses:
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>>> email = "tony@tiremove_thisger.net"
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>>> m = re.search("remove_this", email)
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>>> email[:m.start()] + email[m.end():]
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'tony@tiger.net'
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For :class:`MatchObject` *m*, return the 2-tuple ``(m.start(group),
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m.end(group))``. Note that if *group* did not contribute to the match, this is
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``(-1, -1)``. *group* defaults to zero, the entire match.
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.. method:: MatchObject.span(group=0)
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.. attribute:: MatchObject.pos
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For :class:`MatchObject` *m*, return the 2-tuple ``(m.start(group),
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m.end(group))``. Note that if *group* did not contribute to the match, this is
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``(-1, -1)``. *group* defaults to zero, the entire match.
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The value of *pos* which was passed to the :meth:`~RegexObject.search` or
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:meth:`~RegexObject.match` method of the :class:`RegexObject`. This is the
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index into the string at which the RE engine started looking for a match.
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.. attribute:: MatchObject.pos
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.. attribute:: MatchObject.endpos
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The value of *pos* which was passed to the :meth:`~RegexObject.search` or
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:meth:`~RegexObject.match` method of the :class:`RegexObject`. This is the
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index into the string at which the RE engine started looking for a match.
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The value of *endpos* which was passed to the :meth:`~RegexObject.search` or
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:meth:`~RegexObject.match` method of the :class:`RegexObject`. This is the
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index into the string beyond which the RE engine will not go.
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.. attribute:: MatchObject.endpos
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.. attribute:: MatchObject.lastindex
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|
||||
The value of *endpos* which was passed to the :meth:`~RegexObject.search` or
|
||||
:meth:`~RegexObject.match` method of the :class:`RegexObject`. This is the
|
||||
index into the string beyond which the RE engine will not go.
|
||||
The integer index of the last matched capturing group, or ``None`` if no group
|
||||
was matched at all. For example, the expressions ``(a)b``, ``((a)(b))``, and
|
||||
``((ab))`` will have ``lastindex == 1`` if applied to the string ``'ab'``, while
|
||||
the expression ``(a)(b)`` will have ``lastindex == 2``, if applied to the same
|
||||
string.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. attribute:: MatchObject.lastindex
|
||||
.. attribute:: MatchObject.lastgroup
|
||||
|
||||
The integer index of the last matched capturing group, or ``None`` if no group
|
||||
was matched at all. For example, the expressions ``(a)b``, ``((a)(b))``, and
|
||||
``((ab))`` will have ``lastindex == 1`` if applied to the string ``'ab'``, while
|
||||
the expression ``(a)(b)`` will have ``lastindex == 2``, if applied to the same
|
||||
string.
|
||||
The name of the last matched capturing group, or ``None`` if the group didn't
|
||||
have a name, or if no group was matched at all.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. attribute:: MatchObject.lastgroup
|
||||
.. attribute:: MatchObject.re
|
||||
|
||||
The name of the last matched capturing group, or ``None`` if the group didn't
|
||||
have a name, or if no group was matched at all.
|
||||
The regular expression object whose :meth:`~RegexObject.match` or
|
||||
:meth:`~RegexObject.search` method produced this :class:`MatchObject`
|
||||
instance.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. attribute:: MatchObject.re
|
||||
.. attribute:: MatchObject.string
|
||||
|
||||
The regular expression object whose :meth:`~RegexObject.match` or
|
||||
:meth:`~RegexObject.search` method produced this :class:`MatchObject`
|
||||
instance.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. attribute:: MatchObject.string
|
||||
|
||||
The string passed to :meth:`~RegexObject.match` or
|
||||
:meth:`~RegexObject.search`.
|
||||
The string passed to :meth:`~RegexObject.match` or
|
||||
:meth:`~RegexObject.search`.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Examples
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue