cpython/Include/object.h

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#ifndef Py_OBJECT_H
#define Py_OBJECT_H
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
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/* Object and type object interface */
/*
Objects are structures allocated on the heap. Special rules apply to
the use of objects to ensure they are properly garbage-collected.
Objects are never allocated statically or on the stack; they must be
accessed through special macros and functions only. (Type objects are
exceptions to the first rule; the standard types are represented by
statically initialized type objects, although work on type/class unification
for Python 2.2 made it possible to have heap-allocated type objects too).
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An object has a 'reference count' that is increased or decreased when a
pointer to the object is copied or deleted; when the reference count
reaches zero there are no references to the object left and it can be
removed from the heap.
An object has a 'type' that determines what it represents and what kind
of data it contains. An object's type is fixed when it is created.
Types themselves are represented as objects; an object contains a
pointer to the corresponding type object. The type itself has a type
pointer pointing to the object representing the type 'type', which
contains a pointer to itself!).
Objects do not float around in memory; once allocated an object keeps
the same size and address. Objects that must hold variable-size data
can contain pointers to variable-size parts of the object. Not all
objects of the same type have the same size; but the size cannot change
after allocation. (These restrictions are made so a reference to an
object can be simply a pointer -- moving an object would require
updating all the pointers, and changing an object's size would require
moving it if there was another object right next to it.)
Objects are always accessed through pointers of the type 'PyObject *'.
The type 'PyObject' is a structure that only contains the reference count
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and the type pointer. The actual memory allocated for an object
contains other data that can only be accessed after casting the pointer
to a pointer to a longer structure type. This longer type must start
with the reference count and type fields; the macro PyObject_HEAD should be
used for this (to accommodate for future changes). The implementation
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of a particular object type can cast the object pointer to the proper
type and back.
A standard interface exists for objects that contain an array of items
whose size is determined when the object is allocated.
*/
/* Py_DEBUG implies Py_TRACE_REFS. */
#if defined(Py_DEBUG) && !defined(Py_TRACE_REFS)
#define Py_TRACE_REFS
#endif
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/* Py_TRACE_REFS implies Py_REF_DEBUG. */
#if defined(Py_TRACE_REFS) && !defined(Py_REF_DEBUG)
#define Py_REF_DEBUG
#endif
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#if defined(Py_LIMITED_API) && defined(Py_REF_DEBUG)
#error Py_LIMITED_API is incompatible with Py_DEBUG, Py_TRACE_REFS, and Py_REF_DEBUG
#endif
#ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS
/* Define pointers to support a doubly-linked list of all live heap objects. */
#define _PyObject_HEAD_EXTRA \
struct _object *_ob_next; \
struct _object *_ob_prev;
#define _PyObject_EXTRA_INIT 0, 0,
#else
#define _PyObject_HEAD_EXTRA
#define _PyObject_EXTRA_INIT
#endif
/* PyObject_HEAD defines the initial segment of every PyObject. */
#define PyObject_HEAD PyObject ob_base;
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#define PyObject_HEAD_INIT(type) \
{ _PyObject_EXTRA_INIT \
1, type },
#define PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(type, size) \
{ PyObject_HEAD_INIT(type) size },
/* PyObject_VAR_HEAD defines the initial segment of all variable-size
* container objects. These end with a declaration of an array with 1
* element, but enough space is malloc'ed so that the array actually
* has room for ob_size elements. Note that ob_size is an element count,
* not necessarily a byte count.
*/
#define PyObject_VAR_HEAD PyVarObject ob_base;
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#define Py_INVALID_SIZE (Py_ssize_t)-1
/* Nothing is actually declared to be a PyObject, but every pointer to
* a Python object can be cast to a PyObject*. This is inheritance built
* by hand. Similarly every pointer to a variable-size Python object can,
* in addition, be cast to PyVarObject*.
*/
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typedef struct _object {
_PyObject_HEAD_EXTRA
Py_ssize_t ob_refcnt;
struct _typeobject *ob_type;
} PyObject;
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typedef struct {
PyObject ob_base;
Py_ssize_t ob_size; /* Number of items in variable part */
} PyVarObject;
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#define Py_REFCNT(ob) (((PyObject*)(ob))->ob_refcnt)
#define Py_TYPE(ob) (((PyObject*)(ob))->ob_type)
#define Py_SIZE(ob) (((PyVarObject*)(ob))->ob_size)
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/*
Type objects contain a string containing the type name (to help somewhat
in debugging), the allocation parameters (see PyObject_New() and
PyObject_NewVar()),
and methods for accessing objects of the type. Methods are optional, a
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nil pointer meaning that particular kind of access is not available for
this type. The Py_DECREF() macro uses the tp_dealloc method without
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checking for a nil pointer; it should always be implemented except if
the implementation can guarantee that the reference count will never
reach zero (e.g., for statically allocated type objects).
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NB: the methods for certain type groups are now contained in separate
method blocks.
*/
typedef PyObject * (*unaryfunc)(PyObject *);
typedef PyObject * (*binaryfunc)(PyObject *, PyObject *);
typedef PyObject * (*ternaryfunc)(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
typedef int (*inquiry)(PyObject *);
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typedef Py_ssize_t (*lenfunc)(PyObject *);
typedef PyObject *(*ssizeargfunc)(PyObject *, Py_ssize_t);
typedef PyObject *(*ssizessizeargfunc)(PyObject *, Py_ssize_t, Py_ssize_t);
typedef int(*ssizeobjargproc)(PyObject *, Py_ssize_t, PyObject *);
typedef int(*ssizessizeobjargproc)(PyObject *, Py_ssize_t, Py_ssize_t, PyObject *);
typedef int(*objobjargproc)(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
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#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
/* buffer interface */
typedef struct bufferinfo {
void *buf;
PyObject *obj; /* owned reference */
Py_ssize_t len;
Py_ssize_t itemsize; /* This is Py_ssize_t so it can be
pointed to by strides in simple case.*/
int readonly;
int ndim;
char *format;
Py_ssize_t *shape;
Py_ssize_t *strides;
Py_ssize_t *suboffsets;
Py_ssize_t smalltable[2]; /* static store for shape and strides of
mono-dimensional buffers. */
void *internal;
} Py_buffer;
typedef int (*getbufferproc)(PyObject *, Py_buffer *, int);
typedef void (*releasebufferproc)(PyObject *, Py_buffer *);
/* Flags for getting buffers */
#define PyBUF_SIMPLE 0
#define PyBUF_WRITABLE 0x0001
/* we used to include an E, backwards compatible alias */
#define PyBUF_WRITEABLE PyBUF_WRITABLE
#define PyBUF_FORMAT 0x0004
#define PyBUF_ND 0x0008
#define PyBUF_STRIDES (0x0010 | PyBUF_ND)
#define PyBUF_C_CONTIGUOUS (0x0020 | PyBUF_STRIDES)
#define PyBUF_F_CONTIGUOUS (0x0040 | PyBUF_STRIDES)
#define PyBUF_ANY_CONTIGUOUS (0x0080 | PyBUF_STRIDES)
#define PyBUF_INDIRECT (0x0100 | PyBUF_STRIDES)
#define PyBUF_CONTIG (PyBUF_ND | PyBUF_WRITABLE)
#define PyBUF_CONTIG_RO (PyBUF_ND)
#define PyBUF_STRIDED (PyBUF_STRIDES | PyBUF_WRITABLE)
#define PyBUF_STRIDED_RO (PyBUF_STRIDES)
#define PyBUF_RECORDS (PyBUF_STRIDES | PyBUF_WRITABLE | PyBUF_FORMAT)
#define PyBUF_RECORDS_RO (PyBUF_STRIDES | PyBUF_FORMAT)
#define PyBUF_FULL (PyBUF_INDIRECT | PyBUF_WRITABLE | PyBUF_FORMAT)
#define PyBUF_FULL_RO (PyBUF_INDIRECT | PyBUF_FORMAT)
#define PyBUF_READ 0x100
#define PyBUF_WRITE 0x200
/* End buffer interface */
#endif /* Py_LIMITED_API */
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typedef int (*objobjproc)(PyObject *, PyObject *);
typedef int (*visitproc)(PyObject *, void *);
typedef int (*traverseproc)(PyObject *, visitproc, void *);
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#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
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typedef struct {
/* Number implementations must check *both*
arguments for proper type and implement the necessary conversions
in the slot functions themselves. */
binaryfunc nb_add;
binaryfunc nb_subtract;
binaryfunc nb_multiply;
binaryfunc nb_remainder;
binaryfunc nb_divmod;
ternaryfunc nb_power;
unaryfunc nb_negative;
unaryfunc nb_positive;
unaryfunc nb_absolute;
inquiry nb_bool;
unaryfunc nb_invert;
binaryfunc nb_lshift;
binaryfunc nb_rshift;
binaryfunc nb_and;
binaryfunc nb_xor;
binaryfunc nb_or;
unaryfunc nb_int;
void *nb_reserved; /* the slot formerly known as nb_long */
unaryfunc nb_float;
binaryfunc nb_inplace_add;
binaryfunc nb_inplace_subtract;
binaryfunc nb_inplace_multiply;
binaryfunc nb_inplace_remainder;
ternaryfunc nb_inplace_power;
binaryfunc nb_inplace_lshift;
binaryfunc nb_inplace_rshift;
binaryfunc nb_inplace_and;
binaryfunc nb_inplace_xor;
binaryfunc nb_inplace_or;
binaryfunc nb_floor_divide;
binaryfunc nb_true_divide;
binaryfunc nb_inplace_floor_divide;
binaryfunc nb_inplace_true_divide;
unaryfunc nb_index;
} PyNumberMethods;
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typedef struct {
lenfunc sq_length;
binaryfunc sq_concat;
ssizeargfunc sq_repeat;
ssizeargfunc sq_item;
void *was_sq_slice;
ssizeobjargproc sq_ass_item;
void *was_sq_ass_slice;
objobjproc sq_contains;
binaryfunc sq_inplace_concat;
ssizeargfunc sq_inplace_repeat;
} PySequenceMethods;
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typedef struct {
lenfunc mp_length;
binaryfunc mp_subscript;
objobjargproc mp_ass_subscript;
} PyMappingMethods;
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typedef struct {
getbufferproc bf_getbuffer;
releasebufferproc bf_releasebuffer;
} PyBufferProcs;
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#endif /* Py_LIMITED_API */
typedef void (*freefunc)(void *);
typedef void (*destructor)(PyObject *);
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#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
/* We can't provide a full compile-time check that limited-API
users won't implement tp_print. However, not defining printfunc
and making tp_print of a different function pointer type
should at least cause a warning in most cases. */
typedef int (*printfunc)(PyObject *, FILE *, int);
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#endif
typedef PyObject *(*getattrfunc)(PyObject *, char *);
typedef PyObject *(*getattrofunc)(PyObject *, PyObject *);
typedef int (*setattrfunc)(PyObject *, char *, PyObject *);
typedef int (*setattrofunc)(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
typedef PyObject *(*reprfunc)(PyObject *);
typedef Py_hash_t (*hashfunc)(PyObject *);
typedef PyObject *(*richcmpfunc) (PyObject *, PyObject *, int);
typedef PyObject *(*getiterfunc) (PyObject *);
typedef PyObject *(*iternextfunc) (PyObject *);
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typedef PyObject *(*descrgetfunc) (PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
typedef int (*descrsetfunc) (PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
typedef int (*initproc)(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
typedef PyObject *(*newfunc)(struct _typeobject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
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typedef PyObject *(*allocfunc)(struct _typeobject *, Py_ssize_t);
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#ifdef Py_LIMITED_API
typedef struct _typeobject PyTypeObject; /* opaque */
#else
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typedef struct _typeobject {
PyObject_VAR_HEAD
const char *tp_name; /* For printing, in format "<module>.<name>" */
Py_ssize_t tp_basicsize, tp_itemsize; /* For allocation */
/* Methods to implement standard operations */
destructor tp_dealloc;
printfunc tp_print;
getattrfunc tp_getattr;
setattrfunc tp_setattr;
void *tp_reserved; /* formerly known as tp_compare */
reprfunc tp_repr;
/* Method suites for standard classes */
PyNumberMethods *tp_as_number;
PySequenceMethods *tp_as_sequence;
PyMappingMethods *tp_as_mapping;
/* More standard operations (here for binary compatibility) */
hashfunc tp_hash;
ternaryfunc tp_call;
reprfunc tp_str;
getattrofunc tp_getattro;
setattrofunc tp_setattro;
/* Functions to access object as input/output buffer */
PyBufferProcs *tp_as_buffer;
/* Flags to define presence of optional/expanded features */
long tp_flags;
const char *tp_doc; /* Documentation string */
/* Assigned meaning in release 2.0 */
/* call function for all accessible objects */
traverseproc tp_traverse;
/* delete references to contained objects */
inquiry tp_clear;
/* Assigned meaning in release 2.1 */
/* rich comparisons */
richcmpfunc tp_richcompare;
/* weak reference enabler */
Py_ssize_t tp_weaklistoffset;
/* Iterators */
getiterfunc tp_iter;
iternextfunc tp_iternext;
/* Attribute descriptor and subclassing stuff */
struct PyMethodDef *tp_methods;
struct PyMemberDef *tp_members;
struct PyGetSetDef *tp_getset;
struct _typeobject *tp_base;
PyObject *tp_dict;
descrgetfunc tp_descr_get;
descrsetfunc tp_descr_set;
Py_ssize_t tp_dictoffset;
initproc tp_init;
allocfunc tp_alloc;
newfunc tp_new;
freefunc tp_free; /* Low-level free-memory routine */
inquiry tp_is_gc; /* For PyObject_IS_GC */
PyObject *tp_bases;
PyObject *tp_mro; /* method resolution order */
PyObject *tp_cache;
PyObject *tp_subclasses;
PyObject *tp_weaklist;
destructor tp_del;
/* Type attribute cache version tag. Added in version 2.6 */
unsigned int tp_version_tag;
Merged revisions 59921-59932 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r59923 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-11 19:04:55 +0100 (Fri, 11 Jan 2008) | 1 line Speed-up and simplify code urlparse's result objects. ........ r59924 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-11 20:33:24 +0100 (Fri, 11 Jan 2008) | 1 line Bug #1790: update link; remove outdated paragraph ........ r59925 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-11 20:34:06 +0100 (Fri, 11 Jan 2008) | 5 lines Raise an error instead of crashing with a segfault when a NULL function pointer is called. Will backport to release25-maint. ........ r59927 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-11 21:29:19 +0100 (Fri, 11 Jan 2008) | 4 lines Fix a potential 'SystemError: NULL result without error'. NULL may be a valid return value from PyLong_AsVoidPtr. Will backport to release25-maint. ........ r59928 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-12 00:25:18 +0100 (Sat, 12 Jan 2008) | 1 line Update the opcode docs for STORE_MAP and BUILD_MAP ........ r59929 | mark.dickinson | 2008-01-12 02:56:00 +0100 (Sat, 12 Jan 2008) | 4 lines Issue 1780: Allow leading and trailing whitespace in Decimal constructor, when constructing from a string. Disallow trailing newlines in Context.create_decimal. ........ r59930 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-12 11:53:29 +0100 (Sat, 12 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Move OSError docs to exceptions doc, remove obsolete descriptions from os docs, rework posix docs. ........ r59931 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-12 14:47:57 +0100 (Sat, 12 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Patch #1700288: Method cache optimization, by Armin Rigo, ported to 2.6 by Kevin Jacobs. ........ r59932 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-12 17:11:09 +0100 (Sat, 12 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Fix editing glitch. ........
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#ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
/* these must be last and never explicitly initialized */
Py_ssize_t tp_allocs;
Py_ssize_t tp_frees;
Py_ssize_t tp_maxalloc;
struct _typeobject *tp_prev;
struct _typeobject *tp_next;
#endif
} PyTypeObject;
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#endif
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typedef struct{
int slot; /* slot id, see below */
void *pfunc; /* function pointer */
} PyType_Slot;
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typedef struct{
const char* name;
int basicsize;
int itemsize;
int flags;
PyType_Slot *slots; /* terminated by slot==0. */
} PyType_Spec;
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyType_FromSpec(PyType_Spec*);
#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
/* The *real* layout of a type object when allocated on the heap */
typedef struct _heaptypeobject {
/* Note: there's a dependency on the order of these members
in slotptr() in typeobject.c . */
PyTypeObject ht_type;
PyNumberMethods as_number;
PyMappingMethods as_mapping;
PySequenceMethods as_sequence; /* as_sequence comes after as_mapping,
so that the mapping wins when both
the mapping and the sequence define
a given operator (e.g. __getitem__).
see add_operators() in typeobject.c . */
PyBufferProcs as_buffer;
PyObject *ht_name, *ht_slots, *ht_qualname;
/* here are optional user slots, followed by the members. */
} PyHeapTypeObject;
/* access macro to the members which are floating "behind" the object */
#define PyHeapType_GET_MEMBERS(etype) \
((PyMemberDef *)(((char *)etype) + Py_TYPE(etype)->tp_basicsize))
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#endif
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/* Generic type check */
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyType_IsSubtype(PyTypeObject *, PyTypeObject *);
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#define PyObject_TypeCheck(ob, tp) \
(Py_TYPE(ob) == (tp) || PyType_IsSubtype(Py_TYPE(ob), (tp)))
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PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyType_Type; /* built-in 'type' */
PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyBaseObject_Type; /* built-in 'object' */
PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PySuper_Type; /* built-in 'super' */
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PyAPI_FUNC(long) PyType_GetFlags(PyTypeObject*);
Merged revisions 53875-53911 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r53899 | neal.norwitz | 2007-02-25 16:52:27 +0100 (Sun, 25 Feb 2007) | 1 line Add more details when releasing interned strings ........ r53900 | neal.norwitz | 2007-02-25 16:53:36 +0100 (Sun, 25 Feb 2007) | 1 line Whitespace only changes ........ r53901 | jeremy.hylton | 2007-02-25 16:57:45 +0100 (Sun, 25 Feb 2007) | 8 lines Fix crash in exec when unicode filename can't be decoded. I can't think of an easy way to test this behavior. It only occurs when the file system default encoding and the interpreter default encoding are different, such that you can open the file but not decode its name. ........ r53902 | jeremy.hylton | 2007-02-25 17:01:58 +0100 (Sun, 25 Feb 2007) | 2 lines Put declarations before code. ........ r53910 | fred.drake | 2007-02-25 18:56:27 +0100 (Sun, 25 Feb 2007) | 3 lines - SF patch #1657613: add documentation for the Element interface - clean up bogus use of the {datadescni} environment everywhere ........ r53911 | neal.norwitz | 2007-02-25 20:44:48 +0100 (Sun, 25 Feb 2007) | 17 lines Variation of patch # 1624059 to speed up checking if an object is a subclass of some of the common builtin types. Use a bit in tp_flags for each common builtin type. Check the bit to determine if any instance is a subclass of these common types. The check avoids a function call and O(n) search of the base classes. The check is done in the various Py*_Check macros rather than calling PyType_IsSubtype(). All the bits are set in tp_flags when the type is declared in the Objects/*object.c files because PyType_Ready() is not called for all the types. Should PyType_Ready() be called for all types? If so and the change is made, the changes to the Objects/*object.c files can be reverted (remove setting the tp_flags). Objects/typeobject.c would also have to be modified to add conditions for Py*_CheckExact() in addition to each the PyType_IsSubtype check. ........
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#define PyType_Check(op) \
PyType_FastSubclass(Py_TYPE(op), Py_TPFLAGS_TYPE_SUBCLASS)
#define PyType_CheckExact(op) (Py_TYPE(op) == &PyType_Type)
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PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyType_Ready(PyTypeObject *);
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PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyType_GenericAlloc(PyTypeObject *, Py_ssize_t);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyType_GenericNew(PyTypeObject *,
PyObject *, PyObject *);
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#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyType_Lookup(PyTypeObject *, PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyObject_LookupSpecial(PyObject *, char *, PyObject **);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyTypeObject *) _PyType_CalculateMetaclass(PyTypeObject *, PyObject *);
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#endif
Merged revisions 60364-60378 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r60364 | neal.norwitz | 2008-01-27 19:09:48 +0100 (Sun, 27 Jan 2008) | 4 lines Update the comment and remove the close. If we close we can't flush anymore. We might still need to close after the for loop if flushing 6! times still doesn't cause the signal/exception. ........ r60365 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-27 19:14:43 +0100 (Sun, 27 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Remove effectless expression statement. ........ r60367 | neal.norwitz | 2008-01-27 19:19:04 +0100 (Sun, 27 Jan 2008) | 1 line Try to handle socket.errors properly in is_unavailable ........ r60370 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-27 20:01:45 +0100 (Sun, 27 Jan 2008) | 1 line Change isbasestring function as discussed on the cvs list a while ago ........ r60372 | neal.norwitz | 2008-01-27 21:03:13 +0100 (Sun, 27 Jan 2008) | 3 lines socket.error doesn't have a headers attribute like ProtocolError. Handle that situation where we catch socket.errors. ........ r60375 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-27 21:25:12 +0100 (Sun, 27 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Add refcounting extension to build config. ........ r60377 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-01-28 00:08:46 +0100 (Mon, 28 Jan 2008) | 6 lines Moved Rational._binary_float_to_ratio() to float.as_integer_ratio() because it's useful outside of rational numbers. This is my first C code that had to do anything significant. Please be more careful when looking over it. ........ r60378 | christian.heimes | 2008-01-28 00:34:59 +0100 (Mon, 28 Jan 2008) | 1 line Added clear cache methods to clear the internal type lookup cache for ref leak test runs. ........
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PyAPI_FUNC(unsigned int) PyType_ClearCache(void);
Merged revisions 63724,63726,63732,63744,63754-63755,63757-63758,63760,63775,63781-63782,63787,63805-63808,63818-63819,63823-63824 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r63724 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-05-26 22:22:14 +0200 (Mon, 26 May 2008) | 6 lines Fixes issue2791: subprocess.Popen.communicate leaked a file descripton until the last reference to the Popen instance was dropped. Adding explicit close() calls fixes it. Candidate for backport to release25-maint. ........ r63726 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-26 22:43:24 +0200 (Mon, 26 May 2008) | 2 lines fix minor grammar typo ........ r63732 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-26 23:44:26 +0200 (Mon, 26 May 2008) | 2 lines remove duplication in test module ........ r63744 | lars.gustaebel | 2008-05-27 14:39:23 +0200 (Tue, 27 May 2008) | 3 lines Do not close external file objects passed to tarfile.open(mode='w:bz2') when the TarFile is closed. ........ r63754 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-28 03:12:35 +0200 (Wed, 28 May 2008) | 2 lines update tutorial function with more appropiate one from Eric Smith ........ r63755 | mark.hammond | 2008-05-28 03:54:55 +0200 (Wed, 28 May 2008) | 2 lines bdist_wininst now works correctly when both --skip-build and --plat-name are specified. ........ r63757 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-28 13:21:39 +0200 (Wed, 28 May 2008) | 2 lines #2989: add PyType_Modified(). ........ r63758 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-28 13:51:41 +0200 (Wed, 28 May 2008) | 2 lines fix spelling ........ r63760 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-28 17:41:36 +0200 (Wed, 28 May 2008) | 2 lines #2990: prevent inconsistent state while updating method cache. ........ r63775 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-29 09:18:17 +0200 (Thu, 29 May 2008) | 2 lines Two fixes in bytearray docs. ........ r63781 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-29 09:38:37 +0200 (Thu, 29 May 2008) | 2 lines #2988: add note about catching CookieError when parsing untrusted cookie data. ........ r63782 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-29 09:45:26 +0200 (Thu, 29 May 2008) | 2 lines #2985: allow i8 in XMLRPC responses. ........ r63787 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-29 16:35:39 +0200 (Thu, 29 May 2008) | 2 lines Revert #2990 patch; it's not necessary as Armin showed. ........ r63805 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-30 08:37:27 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 1 line Issue 2784: fix leaks in exception exit. ........ r63806 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-30 08:49:47 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 1 line Issue 2855: Fix obscure crasher by slowing down the entire module. Mimics what was done to dictionaries in r59223. ........ r63807 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-05-30 09:16:53 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 1 line Issue 2903: Add __name__ in globals for namedtuple namespace. ........ r63808 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-30 09:54:16 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 2 lines #2999: fix name of third parameter in unicode.replace()'s docstring. ........ r63818 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-30 21:12:13 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 2 lines getloadavg() is not available on Windows. ........ r63819 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-30 21:17:29 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 2 lines Better quote with single quotes. ........ r63823 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-30 22:44:39 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 2 lines fix grammar ........ r63824 | marc-andre.lemburg | 2008-05-30 22:52:18 +0200 (Fri, 30 May 2008) | 5 lines Update the locale module alias table. Closes #3011. ........
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PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyType_Modified(PyTypeObject *);
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/* Generic operations on objects */
struct _Py_Identifier;
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#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_Print(PyObject *, FILE *, int);
Merged revisions 53451-53537 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r53454 | brett.cannon | 2007-01-15 20:12:08 +0100 (Mon, 15 Jan 2007) | 3 lines Add a note for strptime that just because strftime supports some extra directive that is not documented that strptime will as well. ........ r53458 | vinay.sajip | 2007-01-16 10:50:07 +0100 (Tue, 16 Jan 2007) | 1 line Updated rotating file handlers to use _open(). ........ r53459 | marc-andre.lemburg | 2007-01-16 14:03:06 +0100 (Tue, 16 Jan 2007) | 2 lines Add news items for the recent pybench and platform changes. ........ r53460 | sjoerd.mullender | 2007-01-16 17:42:38 +0100 (Tue, 16 Jan 2007) | 4 lines Fixed ntpath.expandvars to not replace references to non-existing variables with nothing. Also added tests. This fixes bug #494589. ........ r53464 | neal.norwitz | 2007-01-17 07:23:51 +0100 (Wed, 17 Jan 2007) | 1 line Give Calvin Spealman access for python-dev summaries. ........ r53465 | neal.norwitz | 2007-01-17 09:37:26 +0100 (Wed, 17 Jan 2007) | 1 line Remove Calvin since he only has access to the website currently. ........ r53466 | thomas.heller | 2007-01-17 10:40:34 +0100 (Wed, 17 Jan 2007) | 2 lines Replace C++ comments with C comments. ........ r53472 | andrew.kuchling | 2007-01-17 20:55:06 +0100 (Wed, 17 Jan 2007) | 1 line [Part of bug #1599254] Add suggestion to Mailbox docs to use Maildir, and warn user to lock/unlock mailboxes when modifying them ........ r53475 | georg.brandl | 2007-01-17 22:09:04 +0100 (Wed, 17 Jan 2007) | 2 lines Bug #1637967: missing //= operator in list. ........ r53477 | georg.brandl | 2007-01-17 22:19:58 +0100 (Wed, 17 Jan 2007) | 2 lines Bug #1629125: fix wrong data type (int -> Py_ssize_t) in PyDict_Next docs. ........ r53481 | neal.norwitz | 2007-01-18 06:40:58 +0100 (Thu, 18 Jan 2007) | 1 line Try reverting part of r53145 that seems to cause the Windows buildbots to fail in test_uu.UUFileTest.test_encode ........ r53482 | fred.drake | 2007-01-18 06:42:30 +0100 (Thu, 18 Jan 2007) | 1 line add missing version entry ........ r53483 | neal.norwitz | 2007-01-18 07:20:55 +0100 (Thu, 18 Jan 2007) | 7 lines This test doesn't pass on Windows. The cause seems to be that chmod doesn't support the same funcationality as on Unix. I'm not sure if this fix is the best (or if it will even work)--it's a test to see if the buildbots start passing again. It might be better to not even run this test if it's windows (or non-posix). ........ r53488 | neal.norwitz | 2007-01-19 06:53:33 +0100 (Fri, 19 Jan 2007) | 1 line SF #1635217, Fix unbalanced paren ........ r53489 | martin.v.loewis | 2007-01-19 07:42:22 +0100 (Fri, 19 Jan 2007) | 3 lines Prefix AST symbols with _Py_. Fixes #1637022. Will backport. ........ r53497 | martin.v.loewis | 2007-01-19 19:01:38 +0100 (Fri, 19 Jan 2007) | 2 lines Add UUIDs for 2.5.1 and 2.5.2 ........ r53499 | raymond.hettinger | 2007-01-19 19:07:18 +0100 (Fri, 19 Jan 2007) | 1 line SF# 1635892: Fix docs for betavariate's input parameters . ........ r53503 | martin.v.loewis | 2007-01-20 15:05:39 +0100 (Sat, 20 Jan 2007) | 2 lines Merge 53501 and 53502 from 25 branch: Add /GS- for AMD64 and Itanium builds where missing. ........ r53504 | walter.doerwald | 2007-01-20 18:28:31 +0100 (Sat, 20 Jan 2007) | 2 lines Port test_resource.py to unittest. ........ r53505 | walter.doerwald | 2007-01-20 19:19:33 +0100 (Sat, 20 Jan 2007) | 2 lines Add argument tests an calls of resource.getrusage(). ........ r53506 | walter.doerwald | 2007-01-20 20:03:17 +0100 (Sat, 20 Jan 2007) | 2 lines resource.RUSAGE_BOTH might not exist. ........ r53507 | walter.doerwald | 2007-01-21 00:07:28 +0100 (Sun, 21 Jan 2007) | 2 lines Port test_new.py to unittest. ........ r53508 | martin.v.loewis | 2007-01-21 10:33:07 +0100 (Sun, 21 Jan 2007) | 2 lines Patch #1610575: Add support for _Bool to struct. ........ r53509 | georg.brandl | 2007-01-21 11:28:43 +0100 (Sun, 21 Jan 2007) | 3 lines Bug #1486663: don't reject keyword arguments for subclasses of builtin types. ........ r53511 | georg.brandl | 2007-01-21 11:35:10 +0100 (Sun, 21 Jan 2007) | 2 lines Patch #1627441: close sockets properly in urllib2. ........ r53517 | georg.brandl | 2007-01-22 20:40:21 +0100 (Mon, 22 Jan 2007) | 3 lines Use new email module names (#1637162, #1637159, #1637157). ........ r53518 | andrew.kuchling | 2007-01-22 21:26:40 +0100 (Mon, 22 Jan 2007) | 1 line Improve pattern used for mbox 'From' lines; add a simple test ........ r53519 | andrew.kuchling | 2007-01-22 21:27:50 +0100 (Mon, 22 Jan 2007) | 1 line Make comment match the code ........ r53522 | georg.brandl | 2007-01-22 22:10:33 +0100 (Mon, 22 Jan 2007) | 2 lines Bug #1249573: fix rfc822.parsedate not accepting a certain date format ........ r53524 | georg.brandl | 2007-01-22 22:23:41 +0100 (Mon, 22 Jan 2007) | 2 lines Bug #1627316: handle error in condition/ignore pdb commands more gracefully. ........ r53526 | lars.gustaebel | 2007-01-23 12:17:33 +0100 (Tue, 23 Jan 2007) | 4 lines Patch #1507247: tarfile.py: use current umask for intermediate directories. ........ r53527 | thomas.wouters | 2007-01-23 14:42:00 +0100 (Tue, 23 Jan 2007) | 13 lines SF patch #1630975: Fix crash when replacing sys.stdout in sitecustomize When running the interpreter in an environment that would cause it to set stdout/stderr/stdin's encoding, having a sitecustomize that would replace them with something other than PyFile objects would crash the interpreter. Fix it by simply ignoring the encoding-setting for non-files. This could do with a test, but I can think of no maintainable and portable way to test this bug, short of adding a sitecustomize.py to the buildsystem and have it always run with it (hmmm....) ........ r53528 | thomas.wouters | 2007-01-23 14:50:49 +0100 (Tue, 23 Jan 2007) | 4 lines Add news entry about last checkin (oops.) ........ r53531 | martin.v.loewis | 2007-01-23 22:11:47 +0100 (Tue, 23 Jan 2007) | 4 lines Make PyTraceBack_Here use the current thread, not the frame's thread state. Fixes #1579370. Will backport. ........ r53535 | brett.cannon | 2007-01-24 00:21:22 +0100 (Wed, 24 Jan 2007) | 5 lines Fix crasher for when an object's __del__ creates a new weakref to itself. Patch only fixes new-style classes; classic classes still buggy. Closes bug #1377858. Already backported. ........ r53536 | walter.doerwald | 2007-01-24 01:42:19 +0100 (Wed, 24 Jan 2007) | 2 lines Port test_popen.py to unittest. ........
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PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_BreakPoint(void);
PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyObject_Dump(PyObject *);
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#endif
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_Repr(PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_Str(PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_ASCII(PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_Bytes(PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_RichCompare(PyObject *, PyObject *, int);
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_RichCompareBool(PyObject *, PyObject *, int);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_GetAttrString(PyObject *, const char *);
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_SetAttrString(PyObject *, const char *, PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_HasAttrString(PyObject *, const char *);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_GetAttr(PyObject *, PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_SetAttr(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_HasAttr(PyObject *, PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyObject_GetAttrId(PyObject *, struct _Py_Identifier *);
PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyObject_SetAttrId(PyObject *, struct _Py_Identifier *, PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyObject_HasAttrId(PyObject *, struct _Py_Identifier *);
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#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject **) _PyObject_GetDictPtr(PyObject *);
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#endif
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_SelfIter(PyObject *);
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#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyObject_NextNotImplemented(PyObject *);
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#endif
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_GenericGetAttr(PyObject *, PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_GenericSetAttr(PyObject *,
PyObject *, PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(Py_hash_t) PyObject_Hash(PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(Py_hash_t) PyObject_HashNotImplemented(PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_IsTrue(PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_Not(PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyCallable_Check(PyObject *);
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PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyObject_ClearWeakRefs(PyObject *);
/* Same as PyObject_Generic{Get,Set}Attr, but passing the attributes
dict as the last parameter. */
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *)
_PyObject_GenericGetAttrWithDict(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(int)
_PyObject_GenericSetAttrWithDict(PyObject *, PyObject *,
PyObject *, PyObject *);
/* PyObject_Dir(obj) acts like Python builtins.dir(obj), returning a
list of strings. PyObject_Dir(NULL) is like builtins.dir(),
returning the names of the current locals. In this case, if there are
no current locals, NULL is returned, and PyErr_Occurred() is false.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_Dir(PyObject *);
/* Helpers for printing recursive container types */
PyAPI_FUNC(int) Py_ReprEnter(PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(void) Py_ReprLeave(PyObject *);
/* Helpers for hash functions */
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#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
PyAPI_FUNC(Py_hash_t) _Py_HashDouble(double);
PyAPI_FUNC(Py_hash_t) _Py_HashPointer(void*);
PyAPI_FUNC(Py_hash_t) _Py_HashBytes(unsigned char*, Py_ssize_t);
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#endif
/* Helper for passing objects to printf and the like */
#define PyObject_REPR(obj) _PyUnicode_AsString(PyObject_Repr(obj))
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/* Flag bits for printing: */
#define Py_PRINT_RAW 1 /* No string quotes etc. */
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/*
`Type flags (tp_flags)
These flags are used to extend the type structure in a backwards-compatible
fashion. Extensions can use the flags to indicate (and test) when a given
type structure contains a new feature. The Python core will use these when
introducing new functionality between major revisions (to avoid mid-version
changes in the PYTHON_API_VERSION).
Arbitration of the flag bit positions will need to be coordinated among
all extension writers who publically release their extensions (this will
be fewer than you might expect!)..
Most flags were removed as of Python 3.0 to make room for new flags. (Some
flags are not for backwards compatibility but to indicate the presence of an
optional feature; these flags remain of course.)
Type definitions should use Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT for their tp_flags value.
Code can use PyType_HasFeature(type_ob, flag_value) to test whether the
given type object has a specified feature.
*/
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/* Set if the type object is dynamically allocated */
#define Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE (1L<<9)
/* Set if the type allows subclassing */
#define Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE (1L<<10)
/* Set if the type is 'ready' -- fully initialized */
#define Py_TPFLAGS_READY (1L<<12)
/* Set while the type is being 'readied', to prevent recursive ready calls */
#define Py_TPFLAGS_READYING (1L<<13)
/* Objects support garbage collection (see objimp.h) */
#define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC (1L<<14)
/* These two bits are preserved for Stackless Python, next after this is 17 */
#ifdef STACKLESS
#define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_STACKLESS_EXTENSION (3L<<15)
#else
#define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_STACKLESS_EXTENSION 0
#endif
Merged revisions 59921-59932 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r59923 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-11 19:04:55 +0100 (Fri, 11 Jan 2008) | 1 line Speed-up and simplify code urlparse's result objects. ........ r59924 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-01-11 20:33:24 +0100 (Fri, 11 Jan 2008) | 1 line Bug #1790: update link; remove outdated paragraph ........ r59925 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-11 20:34:06 +0100 (Fri, 11 Jan 2008) | 5 lines Raise an error instead of crashing with a segfault when a NULL function pointer is called. Will backport to release25-maint. ........ r59927 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-11 21:29:19 +0100 (Fri, 11 Jan 2008) | 4 lines Fix a potential 'SystemError: NULL result without error'. NULL may be a valid return value from PyLong_AsVoidPtr. Will backport to release25-maint. ........ r59928 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-01-12 00:25:18 +0100 (Sat, 12 Jan 2008) | 1 line Update the opcode docs for STORE_MAP and BUILD_MAP ........ r59929 | mark.dickinson | 2008-01-12 02:56:00 +0100 (Sat, 12 Jan 2008) | 4 lines Issue 1780: Allow leading and trailing whitespace in Decimal constructor, when constructing from a string. Disallow trailing newlines in Context.create_decimal. ........ r59930 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-12 11:53:29 +0100 (Sat, 12 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Move OSError docs to exceptions doc, remove obsolete descriptions from os docs, rework posix docs. ........ r59931 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-12 14:47:57 +0100 (Sat, 12 Jan 2008) | 3 lines Patch #1700288: Method cache optimization, by Armin Rigo, ported to 2.6 by Kevin Jacobs. ........ r59932 | georg.brandl | 2008-01-12 17:11:09 +0100 (Sat, 12 Jan 2008) | 2 lines Fix editing glitch. ........
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/* Objects support type attribute cache */
#define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VERSION_TAG (1L<<18)
#define Py_TPFLAGS_VALID_VERSION_TAG (1L<<19)
Merged revisions 61038,61042-61045,61047,61050,61053,61055-61056,61061-61062,61066,61068,61070,61083,61085,61092-61103 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r61098 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-02-28 05:45:36 +0100 (Thu, 28 Feb 2008) | 7 lines Move abc._Abstract into object by adding a new flag Py_TPFLAGS_IS_ABSTRACT, which forbids constructing types that have it set. The effect is to speed ./python.exe -m timeit -s 'import abc' -s 'class Foo(object): __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta' 'Foo()' up from 2.5us to 0.201us. This fixes issue 1762. ........ r61099 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-02-28 06:53:18 +0100 (Thu, 28 Feb 2008) | 3 lines Speed test_socketserver up from 28.739s to 0.226s, simplify the logic, and make sure all tests run even if some fail. ........ r61100 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-02-28 07:09:19 +0100 (Thu, 28 Feb 2008) | 21 lines Thread.start() used sleep(0.000001) to make sure it didn't return before the new thread had started. At least on my MacBook Pro, that wound up sleeping for a full 10ms (probably 1 jiffy). By using an Event instead, we can be absolutely certain that the thread has started, and return more quickly (217us). Before: $ ./python.exe -m timeit -s 'from threading import Thread' 't = Thread(); t.start(); t.join()' 100 loops, best of 3: 10.3 msec per loop $ ./python.exe -m timeit -s 'from threading import Thread; t = Thread()' 't.isAlive()' 1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.47 usec per loop After: $ ./python.exe -m timeit -s 'from threading import Thread' 't = Thread(); t.start(); t.join()' 1000 loops, best of 3: 217 usec per loop $ ./python.exe -m timeit -s 'from threading import Thread; t = Thread()' 't.isAlive()' 1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.86 usec per loop To be fair, the 10ms isn't CPU time, and other threads including the spawned one get to run during it. There are also some slightly more complicated ways to get back the .4us in isAlive() if we want. ........ r61101 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-02-28 10:23:48 +0100 (Thu, 28 Feb 2008) | 1 line Add repeat keyword argument to itertools.product(). ........ r61102 | christian.heimes | 2008-02-28 12:18:49 +0100 (Thu, 28 Feb 2008) | 1 line The empty tuple is usually a singleton with a much higher refcnt than 1 ........
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/* Type is abstract and cannot be instantiated */
#define Py_TPFLAGS_IS_ABSTRACT (1L<<20)
Merged revisions 53875-53911 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r53899 | neal.norwitz | 2007-02-25 16:52:27 +0100 (Sun, 25 Feb 2007) | 1 line Add more details when releasing interned strings ........ r53900 | neal.norwitz | 2007-02-25 16:53:36 +0100 (Sun, 25 Feb 2007) | 1 line Whitespace only changes ........ r53901 | jeremy.hylton | 2007-02-25 16:57:45 +0100 (Sun, 25 Feb 2007) | 8 lines Fix crash in exec when unicode filename can't be decoded. I can't think of an easy way to test this behavior. It only occurs when the file system default encoding and the interpreter default encoding are different, such that you can open the file but not decode its name. ........ r53902 | jeremy.hylton | 2007-02-25 17:01:58 +0100 (Sun, 25 Feb 2007) | 2 lines Put declarations before code. ........ r53910 | fred.drake | 2007-02-25 18:56:27 +0100 (Sun, 25 Feb 2007) | 3 lines - SF patch #1657613: add documentation for the Element interface - clean up bogus use of the {datadescni} environment everywhere ........ r53911 | neal.norwitz | 2007-02-25 20:44:48 +0100 (Sun, 25 Feb 2007) | 17 lines Variation of patch # 1624059 to speed up checking if an object is a subclass of some of the common builtin types. Use a bit in tp_flags for each common builtin type. Check the bit to determine if any instance is a subclass of these common types. The check avoids a function call and O(n) search of the base classes. The check is done in the various Py*_Check macros rather than calling PyType_IsSubtype(). All the bits are set in tp_flags when the type is declared in the Objects/*object.c files because PyType_Ready() is not called for all the types. Should PyType_Ready() be called for all types? If so and the change is made, the changes to the Objects/*object.c files can be reverted (remove setting the tp_flags). Objects/typeobject.c would also have to be modified to add conditions for Py*_CheckExact() in addition to each the PyType_IsSubtype check. ........
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/* These flags are used to determine if a type is a subclass. */
#define Py_TPFLAGS_INT_SUBCLASS (1L<<23)
#define Py_TPFLAGS_LONG_SUBCLASS (1L<<24)
#define Py_TPFLAGS_LIST_SUBCLASS (1L<<25)
#define Py_TPFLAGS_TUPLE_SUBCLASS (1L<<26)
#define Py_TPFLAGS_BYTES_SUBCLASS (1L<<27)
#define Py_TPFLAGS_UNICODE_SUBCLASS (1L<<28)
#define Py_TPFLAGS_DICT_SUBCLASS (1L<<29)
#define Py_TPFLAGS_BASE_EXC_SUBCLASS (1L<<30)
#define Py_TPFLAGS_TYPE_SUBCLASS (1L<<31)
Merged revisions 53875-53911 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r53899 | neal.norwitz | 2007-02-25 16:52:27 +0100 (Sun, 25 Feb 2007) | 1 line Add more details when releasing interned strings ........ r53900 | neal.norwitz | 2007-02-25 16:53:36 +0100 (Sun, 25 Feb 2007) | 1 line Whitespace only changes ........ r53901 | jeremy.hylton | 2007-02-25 16:57:45 +0100 (Sun, 25 Feb 2007) | 8 lines Fix crash in exec when unicode filename can't be decoded. I can't think of an easy way to test this behavior. It only occurs when the file system default encoding and the interpreter default encoding are different, such that you can open the file but not decode its name. ........ r53902 | jeremy.hylton | 2007-02-25 17:01:58 +0100 (Sun, 25 Feb 2007) | 2 lines Put declarations before code. ........ r53910 | fred.drake | 2007-02-25 18:56:27 +0100 (Sun, 25 Feb 2007) | 3 lines - SF patch #1657613: add documentation for the Element interface - clean up bogus use of the {datadescni} environment everywhere ........ r53911 | neal.norwitz | 2007-02-25 20:44:48 +0100 (Sun, 25 Feb 2007) | 17 lines Variation of patch # 1624059 to speed up checking if an object is a subclass of some of the common builtin types. Use a bit in tp_flags for each common builtin type. Check the bit to determine if any instance is a subclass of these common types. The check avoids a function call and O(n) search of the base classes. The check is done in the various Py*_Check macros rather than calling PyType_IsSubtype(). All the bits are set in tp_flags when the type is declared in the Objects/*object.c files because PyType_Ready() is not called for all the types. Should PyType_Ready() be called for all types? If so and the change is made, the changes to the Objects/*object.c files can be reverted (remove setting the tp_flags). Objects/typeobject.c would also have to be modified to add conditions for Py*_CheckExact() in addition to each the PyType_IsSubtype check. ........
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#define Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT ( \
Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_STACKLESS_EXTENSION | \
Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VERSION_TAG | \
0)
#ifdef Py_LIMITED_API
#define PyType_HasFeature(t,f) ((PyType_GetFlags(t) & (f)) != 0)
#else
#define PyType_HasFeature(t,f) (((t)->tp_flags & (f)) != 0)
#endif
Merged revisions 53875-53911 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r53899 | neal.norwitz | 2007-02-25 16:52:27 +0100 (Sun, 25 Feb 2007) | 1 line Add more details when releasing interned strings ........ r53900 | neal.norwitz | 2007-02-25 16:53:36 +0100 (Sun, 25 Feb 2007) | 1 line Whitespace only changes ........ r53901 | jeremy.hylton | 2007-02-25 16:57:45 +0100 (Sun, 25 Feb 2007) | 8 lines Fix crash in exec when unicode filename can't be decoded. I can't think of an easy way to test this behavior. It only occurs when the file system default encoding and the interpreter default encoding are different, such that you can open the file but not decode its name. ........ r53902 | jeremy.hylton | 2007-02-25 17:01:58 +0100 (Sun, 25 Feb 2007) | 2 lines Put declarations before code. ........ r53910 | fred.drake | 2007-02-25 18:56:27 +0100 (Sun, 25 Feb 2007) | 3 lines - SF patch #1657613: add documentation for the Element interface - clean up bogus use of the {datadescni} environment everywhere ........ r53911 | neal.norwitz | 2007-02-25 20:44:48 +0100 (Sun, 25 Feb 2007) | 17 lines Variation of patch # 1624059 to speed up checking if an object is a subclass of some of the common builtin types. Use a bit in tp_flags for each common builtin type. Check the bit to determine if any instance is a subclass of these common types. The check avoids a function call and O(n) search of the base classes. The check is done in the various Py*_Check macros rather than calling PyType_IsSubtype(). All the bits are set in tp_flags when the type is declared in the Objects/*object.c files because PyType_Ready() is not called for all the types. Should PyType_Ready() be called for all types? If so and the change is made, the changes to the Objects/*object.c files can be reverted (remove setting the tp_flags). Objects/typeobject.c would also have to be modified to add conditions for Py*_CheckExact() in addition to each the PyType_IsSubtype check. ........
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#define PyType_FastSubclass(t,f) PyType_HasFeature(t,f)
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/*
The macros Py_INCREF(op) and Py_DECREF(op) are used to increment or decrement
reference counts. Py_DECREF calls the object's deallocator function when
the refcount falls to 0; for
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objects that don't contain references to other objects or heap memory
this can be the standard function free(). Both macros can be used
wherever a void expression is allowed. The argument must not be a
Merged revisions 62021,62029,62035-62038,62043-62044,62052-62053 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r62021 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-03-28 18:11:01 -0500 (Fri, 28 Mar 2008) | 2 lines NIL => NULL ........ r62029 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2008-03-28 20:42:31 -0500 (Fri, 28 Mar 2008) | 3 lines Correctly call the base class tearDown(); otherwise running test_logging twice produce the errors we see on all buildbots ........ r62035 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-29 05:42:07 -0500 (Sat, 29 Mar 2008) | 1 line Be explicit about what efficient means. ........ r62036 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-29 06:46:18 -0500 (Sat, 29 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Fix capitalization. ........ r62037 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2008-03-29 07:42:54 -0500 (Sat, 29 Mar 2008) | 5 lines lib2to3 should install a logging handler only when run as a main program, not when used as a library. This may please the buildbots, which fail when test_lib2to3 is run before test_logging. ........ r62043 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-03-29 10:24:25 -0500 (Sat, 29 Mar 2008) | 3 lines #2503 make singletons compared with "is" not == or != Thanks to Wummel for the patch ........ r62044 | gerhard.haering | 2008-03-29 14:11:52 -0500 (Sat, 29 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Documented the lastrowid attribute. ........ r62052 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-03-30 14:35:10 -0500 (Sun, 30 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Updated README regarding doc formats ........ r62053 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-30 14:41:39 -0500 (Sun, 30 Mar 2008) | 2 lines The other download formats will be available for 2.6 too. ........
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NULL pointer. If it may be NULL, use Py_XINCREF/Py_XDECREF instead.
The macro _Py_NewReference(op) initialize reference counts to 1, and
in special builds (Py_REF_DEBUG, Py_TRACE_REFS) performs additional
bookkeeping appropriate to the special build.
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We assume that the reference count field can never overflow; this can
be proven when the size of the field is the same as the pointer size, so
we ignore the possibility. Provided a C int is at least 32 bits (which
is implicitly assumed in many parts of this code), that's enough for
about 2**31 references to an object.
XXX The following became out of date in Python 2.2, but I'm not sure
XXX what the full truth is now. Certainly, heap-allocated type objects
XXX can and should be deallocated.
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Type objects should never be deallocated; the type pointer in an object
is not considered to be a reference to the type object, to save
complications in the deallocation function. (This is actually a
decision that's up to the implementer of each new type so if you want,
you can count such references to the type object.)
*** WARNING*** The Py_DECREF macro must have a side-effect-free argument
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since it may evaluate its argument multiple times. (The alternative
would be to mace it a proper function or assign it to a global temporary
variable first, both of which are slower; and in a multi-threaded
environment the global variable trick is not safe.)
*/
/* First define a pile of simple helper macros, one set per special
* build symbol. These either expand to the obvious things, or to
* nothing at all when the special mode isn't in effect. The main
* macros can later be defined just once then, yet expand to different
* things depending on which special build options are and aren't in effect.
* Trust me <wink>: while painful, this is 20x easier to understand than,
* e.g, defining _Py_NewReference five different times in a maze of nested
* #ifdefs (we used to do that -- it was impenetrable).
*/
#ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
PyAPI_DATA(Py_ssize_t) _Py_RefTotal;
PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_NegativeRefcount(const char *fname,
int lineno, PyObject *op);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyDict_Dummy(void);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PySet_Dummy(void);
PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) _Py_GetRefTotal(void);
#define _Py_INC_REFTOTAL _Py_RefTotal++
#define _Py_DEC_REFTOTAL _Py_RefTotal--
#define _Py_REF_DEBUG_COMMA ,
#define _Py_CHECK_REFCNT(OP) \
{ if (((PyObject*)OP)->ob_refcnt < 0) \
_Py_NegativeRefcount(__FILE__, __LINE__, \
(PyObject *)(OP)); \
}
#else
#define _Py_INC_REFTOTAL
#define _Py_DEC_REFTOTAL
#define _Py_REF_DEBUG_COMMA
#define _Py_CHECK_REFCNT(OP) /* a semicolon */;
#endif /* Py_REF_DEBUG */
#ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
PyAPI_FUNC(void) inc_count(PyTypeObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(void) dec_count(PyTypeObject *);
#define _Py_INC_TPALLOCS(OP) inc_count(Py_TYPE(OP))
#define _Py_INC_TPFREES(OP) dec_count(Py_TYPE(OP))
#define _Py_DEC_TPFREES(OP) Py_TYPE(OP)->tp_frees--
#define _Py_COUNT_ALLOCS_COMMA ,
#else
#define _Py_INC_TPALLOCS(OP)
#define _Py_INC_TPFREES(OP)
#define _Py_DEC_TPFREES(OP)
#define _Py_COUNT_ALLOCS_COMMA
#endif /* COUNT_ALLOCS */
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#ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS
/* Py_TRACE_REFS is such major surgery that we call external routines. */
PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_NewReference(PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_ForgetReference(PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_Dealloc(PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_PrintReferences(FILE *);
PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_PrintReferenceAddresses(FILE *);
PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_AddToAllObjects(PyObject *, int force);
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#else
/* Without Py_TRACE_REFS, there's little enough to do that we expand code
* inline.
*/
#define _Py_NewReference(op) ( \
_Py_INC_TPALLOCS(op) _Py_COUNT_ALLOCS_COMMA \
_Py_INC_REFTOTAL _Py_REF_DEBUG_COMMA \
Py_REFCNT(op) = 1)
#define _Py_ForgetReference(op) _Py_INC_TPFREES(op)
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#ifdef Py_LIMITED_API
PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_Dealloc(PyObject *);
#else
#define _Py_Dealloc(op) ( \
_Py_INC_TPFREES(op) _Py_COUNT_ALLOCS_COMMA \
(*Py_TYPE(op)->tp_dealloc)((PyObject *)(op)))
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#endif
#endif /* !Py_TRACE_REFS */
#define Py_INCREF(op) ( \
_Py_INC_REFTOTAL _Py_REF_DEBUG_COMMA \
((PyObject*)(op))->ob_refcnt++)
#define Py_DECREF(op) \
do { \
if (_Py_DEC_REFTOTAL _Py_REF_DEBUG_COMMA \
--((PyObject*)(op))->ob_refcnt != 0) \
_Py_CHECK_REFCNT(op) \
else \
_Py_Dealloc((PyObject *)(op)); \
} while (0)
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/* Safely decref `op` and set `op` to NULL, especially useful in tp_clear
* and tp_dealloc implementatons.
*
* Note that "the obvious" code can be deadly:
*
* Py_XDECREF(op);
* op = NULL;
*
* Typically, `op` is something like self->containee, and `self` is done
* using its `containee` member. In the code sequence above, suppose
* `containee` is non-NULL with a refcount of 1. Its refcount falls to
* 0 on the first line, which can trigger an arbitrary amount of code,
* possibly including finalizers (like __del__ methods or weakref callbacks)
* coded in Python, which in turn can release the GIL and allow other threads
* to run, etc. Such code may even invoke methods of `self` again, or cause
* cyclic gc to trigger, but-- oops! --self->containee still points to the
* object being torn down, and it may be in an insane state while being torn
* down. This has in fact been a rich historic source of miserable (rare &
* hard-to-diagnose) segfaulting (and other) bugs.
*
* The safe way is:
*
* Py_CLEAR(op);
*
* That arranges to set `op` to NULL _before_ decref'ing, so that any code
* triggered as a side-effect of `op` getting torn down no longer believes
* `op` points to a valid object.
*
* There are cases where it's safe to use the naive code, but they're brittle.
* For example, if `op` points to a Python integer, you know that destroying
* one of those can't cause problems -- but in part that relies on that
* Python integers aren't currently weakly referencable. Best practice is
* to use Py_CLEAR() even if you can't think of a reason for why you need to.
*/
#define Py_CLEAR(op) \
do { \
if (op) { \
PyObject *_py_tmp = (PyObject *)(op); \
(op) = NULL; \
Py_DECREF(_py_tmp); \
} \
} while (0)
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/* Macros to use in case the object pointer may be NULL: */
#define Py_XINCREF(op) do { if ((op) == NULL) ; else Py_INCREF(op); } while (0)
#define Py_XDECREF(op) do { if ((op) == NULL) ; else Py_DECREF(op); } while (0)
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/*
These are provided as conveniences to Python runtime embedders, so that
they can have object code that is not dependent on Python compilation flags.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(void) Py_IncRef(PyObject *);
PyAPI_FUNC(void) Py_DecRef(PyObject *);
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/*
_Py_NoneStruct is an object of undefined type which can be used in contexts
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where NULL (nil) is not suitable (since NULL often means 'error').
Don't forget to apply Py_INCREF() when returning this value!!!
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*/
PyAPI_DATA(PyObject) _Py_NoneStruct; /* Don't use this directly */
#define Py_None (&_Py_NoneStruct)
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/* Macro for returning Py_None from a function */
#define Py_RETURN_NONE return Py_INCREF(Py_None), Py_None
/*
Py_NotImplemented is a singleton used to signal that an operation is
not implemented for a given type combination.
*/
PyAPI_DATA(PyObject) _Py_NotImplementedStruct; /* Don't use this directly */
#define Py_NotImplemented (&_Py_NotImplementedStruct)
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/* Macro for returning Py_NotImplemented from a function */
#define Py_RETURN_NOTIMPLEMENTED \
return Py_INCREF(Py_NotImplemented), Py_NotImplemented
/* Rich comparison opcodes */
#define Py_LT 0
#define Py_LE 1
#define Py_EQ 2
#define Py_NE 3
#define Py_GT 4
#define Py_GE 5
/* Maps Py_LT to Py_GT, ..., Py_GE to Py_LE.
* Defined in object.c.
*/
PyAPI_DATA(int) _Py_SwappedOp[];
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/*
More conventions
================
Argument Checking
-----------------
Functions that take objects as arguments normally don't check for nil
arguments, but they do check the type of the argument, and return an
error if the function doesn't apply to the type.
Failure Modes
-------------
Functions may fail for a variety of reasons, including running out of
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memory. This is communicated to the caller in two ways: an error string
is set (see errors.h), and the function result differs: functions that
normally return a pointer return NULL for failure, functions returning
an integer return -1 (which could be a legal return value too!), and
other functions return 0 for success and -1 for failure.
Callers should always check for errors before using the result. If
an error was set, the caller must either explicitly clear it, or pass
the error on to its caller.
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Reference Counts
----------------
It takes a while to get used to the proper usage of reference counts.
Functions that create an object set the reference count to 1; such new
objects must be stored somewhere or destroyed again with Py_DECREF().
Some functions that 'store' objects, such as PyTuple_SetItem() and
PyList_SetItem(),
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don't increment the reference count of the object, since the most
frequent use is to store a fresh object. Functions that 'retrieve'
objects, such as PyTuple_GetItem() and PyDict_GetItemString(), also
don't increment
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the reference count, since most frequently the object is only looked at
quickly. Thus, to retrieve an object and store it again, the caller
must call Py_INCREF() explicitly.
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NOTE: functions that 'consume' a reference count, like
PyList_SetItem(), consume the reference even if the object wasn't
successfully stored, to simplify error handling.
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It seems attractive to make other functions that take an object as
argument consume a reference count; however, this may quickly get
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confusing (even the current practice is already confusing). Consider
it carefully, it may save lots of calls to Py_INCREF() and Py_DECREF() at
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times.
*/
/* Trashcan mechanism, thanks to Christian Tismer.
When deallocating a container object, it's possible to trigger an unbounded
chain of deallocations, as each Py_DECREF in turn drops the refcount on "the
next" object in the chain to 0. This can easily lead to stack faults, and
especially in threads (which typically have less stack space to work with).
A container object that participates in cyclic gc can avoid this by
bracketing the body of its tp_dealloc function with a pair of macros:
static void
mytype_dealloc(mytype *p)
{
... declarations go here ...
PyObject_GC_UnTrack(p); // must untrack first
Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN(p)
... The body of the deallocator goes here, including all calls ...
... to Py_DECREF on contained objects. ...
Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END(p)
}
CAUTION: Never return from the middle of the body! If the body needs to
"get out early", put a label immediately before the Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END
call, and goto it. Else the call-depth counter (see below) will stay
above 0 forever, and the trashcan will never get emptied.
How it works: The BEGIN macro increments a call-depth counter. So long
as this counter is small, the body of the deallocator is run directly without
further ado. But if the counter gets large, it instead adds p to a list of
objects to be deallocated later, skips the body of the deallocator, and
resumes execution after the END macro. The tp_dealloc routine then returns
without deallocating anything (and so unbounded call-stack depth is avoided).
When the call stack finishes unwinding again, code generated by the END macro
notices this, and calls another routine to deallocate all the objects that
may have been added to the list of deferred deallocations. In effect, a
chain of N deallocations is broken into N / PyTrash_UNWIND_LEVEL pieces,
with the call stack never exceeding a depth of PyTrash_UNWIND_LEVEL.
*/
PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyTrash_deposit_object(PyObject*);
PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyTrash_destroy_chain(void);
PyAPI_DATA(int) _PyTrash_delete_nesting;
PyAPI_DATA(PyObject *) _PyTrash_delete_later;
#define PyTrash_UNWIND_LEVEL 50
#define Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN(op) \
if (_PyTrash_delete_nesting < PyTrash_UNWIND_LEVEL) { \
++_PyTrash_delete_nesting;
/* The body of the deallocator is here. */
#define Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END(op) \
--_PyTrash_delete_nesting; \
if (_PyTrash_delete_later && _PyTrash_delete_nesting <= 0) \
_PyTrash_destroy_chain(); \
} \
else \
_PyTrash_deposit_object((PyObject*)op);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /* !Py_OBJECT_H */