cpython/Doc/extending/index.rst

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.. _extending-index:
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Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter
##################################################
This document describes how to write modules in C or C++ to extend the Python
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interpreter with new modules. Those modules can not only define new functions
but also new object types and their methods. The document also describes how
to embed the Python interpreter in another application, for use as an extension
language. Finally, it shows how to compile and link extension modules so that
they can be loaded dynamically (at run time) into the interpreter, if the
underlying operating system supports this feature.
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This document assumes basic knowledge about Python. For an informal
introduction to the language, see :ref:`tutorial-index`. :ref:`reference-index`
gives a more formal definition of the language. :ref:`library-index` documents
the existing object types, functions and modules (both built-in and written in
Python) that give the language its wide application range.
For a detailed description of the whole Python/C API, see the separate
:ref:`c-api-index`.
Recommended third party tools
=============================
This guide only covers the basic tools for creating extensions provided
as part of this version of CPython. Third party tools like
`Cython <http://cython.org/>`_, `cffi <https://cffi.readthedocs.io>`_,
`SWIG <http://www.swig.org>`_ and `Numba <https://numba.pydata.org/>`_
offer both simpler and more sophisticated approaches to creating C and C++
extensions for Python.
.. seealso::
`Python Packaging User Guide: Binary Extensions <https://packaging.python.org/guides/packaging-binary-extensions/>`_
The Python Packaging User Guide not only covers several available
tools that simplify the creation of binary extensions, but also
discusses the various reasons why creating an extension module may be
desirable in the first place.
Creating extensions without third party tools
=============================================
This section of the guide covers creating C and C++ extensions without
assistance from third party tools. It is intended primarily for creators
of those tools, rather than being a recommended way to create your own
C extensions.
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.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 2
Merged revisions 70578,70599,70641-70642,70650,70660-70661,70674,70691,70697-70698,70700,70704 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r70578 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-03-23 22:24:56 -0500 (Mon, 23 Mar 2009) | 1 line this is better written using assertRaises ........ r70599 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-03-25 16:42:51 -0500 (Wed, 25 Mar 2009) | 1 line this can be slightly less ugly ........ r70641 | guilherme.polo | 2009-03-27 16:43:08 -0500 (Fri, 27 Mar 2009) | 3 lines Adjusted _tkinter to compile without warnings when WITH_THREAD is not defined (part of issue #5035) ........ r70642 | georg.brandl | 2009-03-27 19:48:48 -0500 (Fri, 27 Mar 2009) | 1 line Fix typo. ........ r70650 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-03-28 14:16:10 -0500 (Sat, 28 Mar 2009) | 1 line give os.symlink and os.link() better parameter names #5564 ........ r70660 | georg.brandl | 2009-03-28 14:52:58 -0500 (Sat, 28 Mar 2009) | 1 line Switch to fixed Sphinx version. ........ r70661 | georg.brandl | 2009-03-28 14:57:36 -0500 (Sat, 28 Mar 2009) | 2 lines Add section numbering to some of the larger subdocuments. ........ r70674 | guilherme.polo | 2009-03-29 05:19:05 -0500 (Sun, 29 Mar 2009) | 1 line Typo fix. ........ r70691 | raymond.hettinger | 2009-03-29 13:51:11 -0500 (Sun, 29 Mar 2009) | 1 line Make life easier for non-CPython implementations. ........ r70697 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-03-29 16:22:35 -0500 (Sun, 29 Mar 2009) | 1 line this has been fixed since 2.6 (I love removing these) ........ r70698 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-03-29 16:31:05 -0500 (Sun, 29 Mar 2009) | 1 line thanks to guido's bytecode verifier, this is fixed ........ r70700 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-03-29 16:50:14 -0500 (Sun, 29 Mar 2009) | 1 line use the awesome new status iterator ........ r70704 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-03-29 21:49:32 -0500 (Sun, 29 Mar 2009) | 1 line there's actually three methods here #5600 ........
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:numbered:
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extending.rst
newtypes_tutorial.rst
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newtypes.rst
building.rst
windows.rst
Embedding the CPython runtime in a larger application
=====================================================
Sometimes, rather than creating an extension that runs inside the Python
interpreter as the main application, it is desirable to instead embed
the CPython runtime inside a larger application. This section covers
some of the details involved in doing that successfully.
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 2
:numbered:
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embedding.rst