cpython/Doc/library/subprocess.rst

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:mod:`subprocess` --- Subprocess management
===========================================
.. module:: subprocess
:synopsis: Subprocess management.
.. moduleauthor:: Peter Åstrand <astrand@lysator.liu.se>
.. sectionauthor:: Peter Åstrand <astrand@lysator.liu.se>
The :mod:`subprocess` module allows you to spawn new processes, connect to their
input/output/error pipes, and obtain their return codes. This module intends to
replace several other, older modules and functions, such as::
os.system
os.spawn*
Information about how the :mod:`subprocess` module can be used to replace these
modules and functions can be found in the following sections.
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.. seealso::
:pep:`324` -- PEP proposing the subprocess module
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Using the subprocess Module
---------------------------
This module defines one class called :class:`Popen`:
.. class:: Popen(args, bufsize=0, executable=None, stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, preexec_fn=None, close_fds=False, shell=False, cwd=None, env=None, universal_newlines=False, startupinfo=None, creationflags=0)
Arguments are:
*args* should be a string, or a sequence of program arguments. The program
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to execute is normally the first item in the args sequence or the string if
a string is given, but can be explicitly set by using the *executable*
argument. When *executable* is given, the first item in the args sequence
is still treated by most programs as the command name, which can then be
different from the actual executable name. On Unix, it becomes the display
name for the executing program in utilities such as :program:`ps`.
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On Unix, with *shell=False* (default): In this case, the Popen class uses
:meth:`os.execvp` to execute the child program. *args* should normally be a
sequence. A string will be treated as a sequence with the string as the only
item (the program to execute).
On Unix, with *shell=True*: If args is a string, it specifies the command string
to execute through the shell. If *args* is a sequence, the first item specifies
the command string, and any additional items will be treated as additional shell
arguments.
On Windows: the :class:`Popen` class uses CreateProcess() to execute the child
program, which operates on strings. If *args* is a sequence, it will be
converted to a string using the :meth:`list2cmdline` method. Please note that
not all MS Windows applications interpret the command line the same way:
:meth:`list2cmdline` is designed for applications using the same rules as the MS
C runtime.
*bufsize*, if given, has the same meaning as the corresponding argument to the
built-in open() function: :const:`0` means unbuffered, :const:`1` means line
buffered, any other positive value means use a buffer of (approximately) that
size. A negative *bufsize* means to use the system default, which usually means
fully buffered. The default value for *bufsize* is :const:`0` (unbuffered).
The *executable* argument specifies the program to execute. It is very seldom
needed: Usually, the program to execute is defined by the *args* argument. If
``shell=True``, the *executable* argument specifies which shell to use. On Unix,
the default shell is :file:`/bin/sh`. On Windows, the default shell is
specified by the :envvar:`COMSPEC` environment variable. The only reason you
would need to specify ``shell=True`` on Windows is where the command you
wish to execute is actually built in to the shell, eg ``dir``, ``copy``.
You don't need ``shell=True`` to run a batch file, nor to run a console-based
executable.
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*stdin*, *stdout* and *stderr* specify the executed programs' standard input,
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standard output and standard error file handles, respectively. Valid values
are :data:`PIPE`, an existing file descriptor (a positive integer), an
existing file object, and ``None``. :data:`PIPE` indicates that a new pipe
to the child should be created. With ``None``, no redirection will occur;
the child's file handles will be inherited from the parent. Additionally,
*stderr* can be :data:`STDOUT`, which indicates that the stderr data from the
applications should be captured into the same file handle as for stdout.
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If *preexec_fn* is set to a callable object, this object will be called in the
child process just before the child is executed. (Unix only)
If *close_fds* is true, all file descriptors except :const:`0`, :const:`1` and
:const:`2` will be closed before the child process is executed. (Unix only).
Or, on Windows, if *close_fds* is true then no handles will be inherited by the
child process. Note that on Windows, you cannot set *close_fds* to true and
also redirect the standard handles by setting *stdin*, *stdout* or *stderr*.
If *shell* is :const:`True`, the specified command will be executed through the
shell.
If *cwd* is not ``None``, the child's current directory will be changed to *cwd*
before it is executed. Note that this directory is not considered when
searching the executable, so you can't specify the program's path relative to
*cwd*.
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If *env* is not ``None``, it must be a mapping that defines the environment
variables for the new process; these are used instead of inheriting the current
process' environment, which is the default behavior.
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.. note::
If specified, *env* must provide any variables required
for the program to execute. On Windows, in order to run a
`side-by-side assembly`_ the specified *env* **must** include a valid
:envvar:`SystemRoot`.
.. _side-by-side assembly: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side-by-Side_Assembly
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If *universal_newlines* is :const:`True`, the file objects stdout and stderr are
opened as text files, but lines may be terminated by any of ``'\n'``, the Unix
end-of-line convention, ``'\r'``, the old Macintosh convention or ``'\r\n'``, the
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Windows convention. All of these external representations are seen as ``'\n'``
by the Python program.
.. note::
This feature is only available if Python is built with universal newline support
(the default). Also, the newlines attribute of the file objects :attr:`stdout`,
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:attr:`stdin` and :attr:`stderr` are not updated by the :meth:`communicate` method.
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The *startupinfo* and *creationflags*, if given, will be passed to the
underlying CreateProcess() function. They can specify things such as appearance
of the main window and priority for the new process. (Windows only)
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.. data:: PIPE
Special value that can be used as the *stdin*, *stdout* or *stderr* argument
to :class:`Popen` and indicates that a pipe to the standard stream should be
opened.
.. data:: STDOUT
Special value that can be used as the *stderr* argument to :class:`Popen` and
indicates that standard error should go into the same handle as standard
output.
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Merged revisions 67531-67532,67538,67553-67554,67556-67557,67571,67574-67575,67579-67580,67591,67597,67608,67631 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r67531 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-04 19:54:05 +0100 (Thu, 04 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Add reference to enumerate() to indices example. ........ r67532 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-04 19:59:16 +0100 (Thu, 04 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Add another heapq example. ........ r67538 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-04 22:28:16 +0100 (Thu, 04 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Clarification to avoid confusing output with file descriptors. ........ r67553 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 08:49:49 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4408: document regex.groups. ........ r67554 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 08:52:26 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4409: fix asterisks looking like footnotes. ........ r67556 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 09:02:17 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4441: improve doc for os.open() flags. ........ r67557 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 09:06:57 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Add an index entry for "subclassing immutable types". ........ r67571 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 10:13:45 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Use markup. ........ r67574 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 10:25:32 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4441 followup: Add link to open() docs for Windows. ........ r67575 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 12:34:51 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4544: add `dedent` to textwrap.__all__. ........ r67579 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 16:29:39 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4517: add "special method" glossary entry and clarify when __getattribute__ is bypassed. ........ r67580 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 16:32:29 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4478: document that copyfile() can raise Error. ........ r67591 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 19:00:06 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Followup to #4511: add link from decorator glossary entry to definition. ........ r67597 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 20:03:19 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Remove confusing sentence part. ........ r67608 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-06 12:57:12 +0100 (Sat, 06 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Follow-up to #4488: document PIPE and STDOUT properly. ........ r67631 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-07 12:54:07 +0100 (Sun, 07 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Add link to the favicon to the docs. ........
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Convenience Functions
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This module also defines four shortcut functions:
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.. function:: call(*popenargs, **kwargs)
Run command with arguments. Wait for command to complete, then return the
:attr:`returncode` attribute.
The arguments are the same as for the Popen constructor. Example::
retcode = call(["ls", "-l"])
.. warning::
Like :meth:`Popen.wait`, this will deadlock if the child process
generates enough output to a stdout or stderr pipe such that it blocks
waiting for the OS pipe buffer to accept more data.
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.. function:: check_call(*popenargs, **kwargs)
Run command with arguments. Wait for command to complete. If the exit code was
zero then return, otherwise raise :exc:`CalledProcessError`. The
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:exc:`CalledProcessError` object will have the return code in the
:attr:`returncode` attribute.
The arguments are the same as for the Popen constructor. Example::
check_call(["ls", "-l"])
.. warning::
See the warning for :func:`call`.
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.. function:: check_output(*popenargs, **kwargs)
Run command with arguments and return its output as a byte string.
If the exit code was non-zero it raises a :exc:`CalledProcessError`. The
:exc:`CalledProcessError` object will have the return code in the
:attr:`returncode`
attribute and output in the :attr:`output` attribute.
Merged revisions 70768,71657,71721,71729,71794,71976,72036-72037,72079,72085,72131-72134,72191,72197-72198,72219,72221,72225,72303,72434,72467,72476 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r70768 | andrew.kuchling | 2009-03-30 17:29:15 -0500 (Mon, 30 Mar 2009) | 1 line Typo fixes ........ r71657 | vinay.sajip | 2009-04-16 14:07:37 -0500 (Thu, 16 Apr 2009) | 1 line Issue #5768: Change to Unicode output logic and test case for same. ........ r71721 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-04-18 14:26:19 -0500 (Sat, 18 Apr 2009) | 1 line fix a few nits in unittest.py #5771 ........ r71729 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-04-18 16:03:10 -0500 (Sat, 18 Apr 2009) | 1 line move test to a more appropiate one ........ r71794 | vinay.sajip | 2009-04-22 07:10:47 -0500 (Wed, 22 Apr 2009) | 2 lines Issue #5170: Fixed regression caused when fixing #5768. ........ r71976 | mark.dickinson | 2009-04-26 14:54:55 -0500 (Sun, 26 Apr 2009) | 2 lines Fix typo in function name ........ r72036 | georg.brandl | 2009-04-27 12:04:23 -0500 (Mon, 27 Apr 2009) | 1 line #5848: small unittest doc patch. ........ r72037 | georg.brandl | 2009-04-27 12:09:53 -0500 (Mon, 27 Apr 2009) | 1 line #5840: dont claim we dont support TLS. ........ r72079 | r.david.murray | 2009-04-28 14:02:55 -0500 (Tue, 28 Apr 2009) | 2 lines Remove spurious 'u'. ........ r72085 | georg.brandl | 2009-04-28 16:48:35 -0500 (Tue, 28 Apr 2009) | 1 line Make the doctests in the docs pass, except for those in the turtle module. ........ r72131 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-04-29 17:43:35 -0500 (Wed, 29 Apr 2009) | 1 line fix test_shutil on ZFS #5676 ........ r72132 | georg.brandl | 2009-04-29 17:44:07 -0500 (Wed, 29 Apr 2009) | 1 line #5878: fix repr of re object. ........ r72133 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-04-29 17:44:15 -0500 (Wed, 29 Apr 2009) | 1 line make sure mode is removable while cleaning up test droppings ........ r72134 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-04-29 19:06:33 -0500 (Wed, 29 Apr 2009) | 1 line make sure to close file ........ r72191 | michael.foord | 2009-05-02 06:43:06 -0500 (Sat, 02 May 2009) | 9 lines Adds an exit parameter to unittest.main(). If False main no longer calls sys.exit. Closes issue 3379. Michael Foord ........ r72197 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-05-02 11:24:37 -0500 (Sat, 02 May 2009) | 1 line don't let sys.argv be used in the tests ........ r72198 | andrew.kuchling | 2009-05-02 12:12:15 -0500 (Sat, 02 May 2009) | 1 line Add items ........ r72219 | michael.foord | 2009-05-02 15:15:05 -0500 (Sat, 02 May 2009) | 8 lines Add addCleanup and doCleanups to unittest.TestCase. Closes issue 5679. Michael Foord ........ r72221 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-05-02 15:26:53 -0500 (Sat, 02 May 2009) | 1 line add myself ........ r72225 | michael.foord | 2009-05-02 17:43:34 -0500 (Sat, 02 May 2009) | 1 line ........ r72303 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-05-04 19:55:24 -0500 (Mon, 04 May 2009) | 1 line using sys._getframe(x), where x > 0 doesnt' work on IronPython ........ r72434 | r.david.murray | 2009-05-07 13:09:58 -0500 (Thu, 07 May 2009) | 2 lines Pre-opened test file needs to be opened in binary mode. ........ r72467 | georg.brandl | 2009-05-08 07:17:34 -0500 (Fri, 08 May 2009) | 1 line Fix name. ........ r72476 | thomas.heller | 2009-05-08 15:09:40 -0500 (Fri, 08 May 2009) | 4 lines Add a file that contains diffs between offical libffi files and the files in this repository. Should make it easier to merge new libffi versions. ........
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The arguments are the same as for the :class:`Popen` constructor. Example::
>>> subprocess.check_output(["ls", "-l", "/dev/null"])
'crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 3 Oct 18 2007 /dev/null\n'
The stdout argument is not allowed as it is used internally.
Merged revisions 70768,71657,71721,71729,71794,71976,72036-72037,72079,72085,72131-72134,72191,72197-72198,72219,72221,72225,72303,72434,72467,72476 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r70768 | andrew.kuchling | 2009-03-30 17:29:15 -0500 (Mon, 30 Mar 2009) | 1 line Typo fixes ........ r71657 | vinay.sajip | 2009-04-16 14:07:37 -0500 (Thu, 16 Apr 2009) | 1 line Issue #5768: Change to Unicode output logic and test case for same. ........ r71721 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-04-18 14:26:19 -0500 (Sat, 18 Apr 2009) | 1 line fix a few nits in unittest.py #5771 ........ r71729 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-04-18 16:03:10 -0500 (Sat, 18 Apr 2009) | 1 line move test to a more appropiate one ........ r71794 | vinay.sajip | 2009-04-22 07:10:47 -0500 (Wed, 22 Apr 2009) | 2 lines Issue #5170: Fixed regression caused when fixing #5768. ........ r71976 | mark.dickinson | 2009-04-26 14:54:55 -0500 (Sun, 26 Apr 2009) | 2 lines Fix typo in function name ........ r72036 | georg.brandl | 2009-04-27 12:04:23 -0500 (Mon, 27 Apr 2009) | 1 line #5848: small unittest doc patch. ........ r72037 | georg.brandl | 2009-04-27 12:09:53 -0500 (Mon, 27 Apr 2009) | 1 line #5840: dont claim we dont support TLS. ........ r72079 | r.david.murray | 2009-04-28 14:02:55 -0500 (Tue, 28 Apr 2009) | 2 lines Remove spurious 'u'. ........ r72085 | georg.brandl | 2009-04-28 16:48:35 -0500 (Tue, 28 Apr 2009) | 1 line Make the doctests in the docs pass, except for those in the turtle module. ........ r72131 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-04-29 17:43:35 -0500 (Wed, 29 Apr 2009) | 1 line fix test_shutil on ZFS #5676 ........ r72132 | georg.brandl | 2009-04-29 17:44:07 -0500 (Wed, 29 Apr 2009) | 1 line #5878: fix repr of re object. ........ r72133 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-04-29 17:44:15 -0500 (Wed, 29 Apr 2009) | 1 line make sure mode is removable while cleaning up test droppings ........ r72134 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-04-29 19:06:33 -0500 (Wed, 29 Apr 2009) | 1 line make sure to close file ........ r72191 | michael.foord | 2009-05-02 06:43:06 -0500 (Sat, 02 May 2009) | 9 lines Adds an exit parameter to unittest.main(). If False main no longer calls sys.exit. Closes issue 3379. Michael Foord ........ r72197 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-05-02 11:24:37 -0500 (Sat, 02 May 2009) | 1 line don't let sys.argv be used in the tests ........ r72198 | andrew.kuchling | 2009-05-02 12:12:15 -0500 (Sat, 02 May 2009) | 1 line Add items ........ r72219 | michael.foord | 2009-05-02 15:15:05 -0500 (Sat, 02 May 2009) | 8 lines Add addCleanup and doCleanups to unittest.TestCase. Closes issue 5679. Michael Foord ........ r72221 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-05-02 15:26:53 -0500 (Sat, 02 May 2009) | 1 line add myself ........ r72225 | michael.foord | 2009-05-02 17:43:34 -0500 (Sat, 02 May 2009) | 1 line ........ r72303 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-05-04 19:55:24 -0500 (Mon, 04 May 2009) | 1 line using sys._getframe(x), where x > 0 doesnt' work on IronPython ........ r72434 | r.david.murray | 2009-05-07 13:09:58 -0500 (Thu, 07 May 2009) | 2 lines Pre-opened test file needs to be opened in binary mode. ........ r72467 | georg.brandl | 2009-05-08 07:17:34 -0500 (Fri, 08 May 2009) | 1 line Fix name. ........ r72476 | thomas.heller | 2009-05-08 15:09:40 -0500 (Fri, 08 May 2009) | 4 lines Add a file that contains diffs between offical libffi files and the files in this repository. Should make it easier to merge new libffi versions. ........
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To capture standard error in the result, use ``stderr=subprocess.STDOUT``::
>>> subprocess.check_output(
["/bin/sh", "-c", "ls non_existent_file ; exit 0"],
stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
'ls: non_existent_file: No such file or directory\n'
.. versionadded:: 3.1
.. function:: getstatusoutput(cmd)
Return ``(status, output)`` of executing *cmd* in a shell.
Execute the string *cmd* in a shell with :func:`os.popen` and return a 2-tuple
``(status, output)``. *cmd* is actually run as ``{ cmd ; } 2>&1``, so that the
returned output will contain output or error messages. A trailing newline is
stripped from the output. The exit status for the command can be interpreted
according to the rules for the C function :cfunc:`wait`. Example::
>>> import subprocess
>>> subprocess.getstatusoutput('ls /bin/ls')
(0, '/bin/ls')
>>> subprocess.getstatusoutput('cat /bin/junk')
(256, 'cat: /bin/junk: No such file or directory')
>>> subprocess.getstatusoutput('/bin/junk')
(256, 'sh: /bin/junk: not found')
Availability: UNIX.
.. function:: getoutput(cmd)
Return output (stdout and stderr) of executing *cmd* in a shell.
Like :func:`getstatusoutput`, except the exit status is ignored and the return
value is a string containing the command's output. Example::
>>> import subprocess
>>> subprocess.getoutput('ls /bin/ls')
'/bin/ls'
Availability: UNIX.
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Exceptions
^^^^^^^^^^
Exceptions raised in the child process, before the new program has started to
execute, will be re-raised in the parent. Additionally, the exception object
will have one extra attribute called :attr:`child_traceback`, which is a string
containing traceback information from the childs point of view.
The most common exception raised is :exc:`OSError`. This occurs, for example,
when trying to execute a non-existent file. Applications should prepare for
:exc:`OSError` exceptions.
A :exc:`ValueError` will be raised if :class:`Popen` is called with invalid
arguments.
check_call() will raise :exc:`CalledProcessError`, if the called process returns
a non-zero return code.
Security
^^^^^^^^
Unlike some other popen functions, this implementation will never call /bin/sh
implicitly. This means that all characters, including shell metacharacters, can
safely be passed to child processes.
Popen Objects
-------------
Instances of the :class:`Popen` class have the following methods:
.. method:: Popen.poll()
Check if child process has terminated. Set and return :attr:`returncode`
attribute.
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.. method:: Popen.wait()
Wait for child process to terminate. Set and return :attr:`returncode`
attribute.
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Merged revisions 65437,65469,65476,65480,65502,65528,65539,65543,65558,65561-65562,65565,65591,65601,65608,65610,65639 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r65437 | georg.brandl | 2008-08-03 22:28:55 +0000 (Sun, 03 Aug 2008) | 2 lines Note the removal of several committers. ........ r65469 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-08-04 01:03:50 +0000 (Mon, 04 Aug 2008) | 3 lines issue1606: Add warnings to the subprocess documentation about common pitfalls of using pipes that cause deadlocks. ........ r65476 | georg.brandl | 2008-08-04 06:29:36 +0000 (Mon, 04 Aug 2008) | 2 lines Fix markup. ........ r65480 | georg.brandl | 2008-08-04 07:31:50 +0000 (Mon, 04 Aug 2008) | 3 lines Clarify the meaning of the select() parameters and sync names with docstring. ........ r65502 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-08-04 18:34:07 +0000 (Mon, 04 Aug 2008) | 2 lines more cleanup ups of the recently added warnings in the subprocess docs. ........ r65528 | brett.cannon | 2008-08-04 21:52:25 +0000 (Mon, 04 Aug 2008) | 4 lines Add a note about all the modules/packages changed to silence -3 warnings. More changes are needed once some decisions are made, but this is the work up to this point. ........ r65539 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-08-05 01:38:08 +0000 (Tue, 05 Aug 2008) | 6 lines #3367 from Kristjan Valur Jonsson: If a PyTokenizer_FromString() is called with an empty string, the tokenizer's line_start member never gets initialized. Later, it is compared with the token pointer 'a' in parsetok.c:193 and that behavior can result in undefined behavior. ........ r65543 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-08-05 02:05:23 +0000 (Tue, 05 Aug 2008) | 1 line #3367: revert rev. 65539: this change causes test_parser to fail ........ r65558 | georg.brandl | 2008-08-06 17:20:41 +0000 (Wed, 06 Aug 2008) | 2 lines Fix longstringitem definition. #3505. ........ r65561 | mark.dickinson | 2008-08-06 20:12:30 +0000 (Wed, 06 Aug 2008) | 2 lines Docstring typo ........ r65562 | mark.dickinson | 2008-08-06 21:36:57 +0000 (Wed, 06 Aug 2008) | 2 lines Remove duplicate import ........ r65565 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-08-07 01:47:34 +0000 (Thu, 07 Aug 2008) | 1 line Add some items ........ r65591 | georg.brandl | 2008-08-08 06:42:20 +0000 (Fri, 08 Aug 2008) | 2 lines #3519: callee is an expression too. ........ r65601 | georg.brandl | 2008-08-08 15:34:34 +0000 (Fri, 08 Aug 2008) | 2 lines Remove mention of backquotes in the tutorial. ........ r65608 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-08-09 14:55:34 +0000 (Sat, 09 Aug 2008) | 2 lines Add news item about _sre.compile() re-bytecode validator. ........ r65610 | antoine.pitrou | 2008-08-09 17:27:23 +0000 (Sat, 09 Aug 2008) | 3 lines move NEWS entry to the appropriate section (oops!) ........ r65639 | georg.brandl | 2008-08-11 10:27:31 +0000 (Mon, 11 Aug 2008) | 2 lines #3540: fix exception name. ........
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.. warning::
This will deadlock if the child process generates enough output to a
stdout or stderr pipe such that it blocks waiting for the OS pipe buffer
to accept more data. Use :meth:`communicate` to avoid that.
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.. method:: Popen.communicate(input=None)
Interact with process: Send data to stdin. Read data from stdout and stderr,
until end-of-file is reached. Wait for process to terminate. The optional
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*input* argument should be a byte string to be sent to the child process, or
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``None``, if no data should be sent to the child.
Merged revisions 67531-67532,67538,67553-67554,67556-67557,67571,67574-67575,67579-67580,67591,67597,67608,67631 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r67531 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-04 19:54:05 +0100 (Thu, 04 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Add reference to enumerate() to indices example. ........ r67532 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-04 19:59:16 +0100 (Thu, 04 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Add another heapq example. ........ r67538 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-04 22:28:16 +0100 (Thu, 04 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Clarification to avoid confusing output with file descriptors. ........ r67553 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 08:49:49 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4408: document regex.groups. ........ r67554 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 08:52:26 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4409: fix asterisks looking like footnotes. ........ r67556 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 09:02:17 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4441: improve doc for os.open() flags. ........ r67557 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 09:06:57 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Add an index entry for "subclassing immutable types". ........ r67571 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 10:13:45 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Use markup. ........ r67574 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 10:25:32 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4441 followup: Add link to open() docs for Windows. ........ r67575 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 12:34:51 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4544: add `dedent` to textwrap.__all__. ........ r67579 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 16:29:39 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4517: add "special method" glossary entry and clarify when __getattribute__ is bypassed. ........ r67580 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 16:32:29 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4478: document that copyfile() can raise Error. ........ r67591 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 19:00:06 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Followup to #4511: add link from decorator glossary entry to definition. ........ r67597 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 20:03:19 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Remove confusing sentence part. ........ r67608 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-06 12:57:12 +0100 (Sat, 06 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Follow-up to #4488: document PIPE and STDOUT properly. ........ r67631 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-07 12:54:07 +0100 (Sun, 07 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Add link to the favicon to the docs. ........
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:meth:`communicate` returns a tuple ``(stdoutdata, stderrdata)``.
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Merged revisions 59107-59186 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk (Note: some conflicts in the PCbuild9 directory reverted. Sorry Christian!) ........ r59120 | christian.heimes | 2007-11-22 03:21:16 -0800 (Thu, 22 Nov 2007) | 3 lines Backport of the PCbuild9 directory from the py3k branch. I've finished the last task for the PCbuild9 directory today. I don't think there is much left to do. Now you can all play around with the shiny new VS 2008 and try the PGO builds. I was able to get a speed improvement of about 10% on py3k. Have fun! :) ........ r59126 | brett.cannon | 2007-11-22 16:06:51 -0800 (Thu, 22 Nov 2007) | 2 lines Fix a bug in the test for using __loader__.get_data(). ........ r59131 | christian.heimes | 2007-11-22 23:05:03 -0800 (Thu, 22 Nov 2007) | 1 line Backport of PCbuild9 fixes from py3k r59130 ........ r59132 | christian.heimes | 2007-11-23 01:10:36 -0800 (Fri, 23 Nov 2007) | 2 lines Applied patch #1754273 and #1754271 from Thomas Glee The patches are adding deprecation warnings for back ticks and <> ........ r59133 | christian.heimes | 2007-11-23 04:12:02 -0800 (Fri, 23 Nov 2007) | 2 lines Fixed problems in the last commit. Filenames and line numbers weren't reported correctly. Backquotes still don't report the correct file. The AST nodes only contain the line number but not the file name. ........ r59134 | christian.heimes | 2007-11-23 04:16:35 -0800 (Fri, 23 Nov 2007) | 1 line How did the comment get there? ........ r59135 | christian.heimes | 2007-11-23 05:25:31 -0800 (Fri, 23 Nov 2007) | 1 line And yet another fix for the patch. Paul Moore has send me a note that I've missed a declaration. The additional code has moved the declaration in the middle of the block. ........ r59136 | andrew.kuchling | 2007-11-23 05:37:39 -0800 (Fri, 23 Nov 2007) | 1 line Add item ........ r59137 | skip.montanaro | 2007-11-23 09:08:35 -0800 (Fri, 23 Nov 2007) | 2 lines Make trace and doctest play nice together (issue 1429818). Will backport. ........ r59139 | skip.montanaro | 2007-11-23 09:12:47 -0800 (Fri, 23 Nov 2007) | 1 line issue 1429818 ........ r59144 | facundo.batista | 2007-11-23 09:59:00 -0800 (Fri, 23 Nov 2007) | 10 lines Major change in the internal structure of the Decimal number: now it does not store the mantissa as a tuple of numbers, but as a string. This avoids a lot of conversions, and achieves a speedup of 40%. The API remains intact. Thanks Mark Dickinson. ........ r59146 | facundo.batista | 2007-11-23 10:14:50 -0800 (Fri, 23 Nov 2007) | 3 lines Test cases from Cowlishaw, v2.57. All are pased cleanly. ........ r59156 | christian.heimes | 2007-11-23 17:36:02 -0800 (Fri, 23 Nov 2007) | 2 lines Added filename to compiling struct based on Martin's suggestion. I'm wonder why I was trying to add the filename to the node all the time. The compiling struct is more obvious. ........ r59158 | christian.heimes | 2007-11-23 17:53:59 -0800 (Fri, 23 Nov 2007) | 2 lines Backport of fixes from py3k branch svn merge -r59131:HEAD ../../py3k/PCbuild9/ . ........ r59159 | skip.montanaro | 2007-11-23 20:29:08 -0800 (Fri, 23 Nov 2007) | 1 line revert change that breaks test_doctest (which I forgot to run - sorry) ........ r59162 | skip.montanaro | 2007-11-23 20:31:15 -0800 (Fri, 23 Nov 2007) | 1 line revert ........ r59164 | georg.brandl | 2007-11-24 03:31:46 -0800 (Sat, 24 Nov 2007) | 3 lines #1344: document that you need to open std{in,out,err} with PIPE if you want communicate() to work as described. ........ r59165 | georg.brandl | 2007-11-24 03:39:13 -0800 (Sat, 24 Nov 2007) | 2 lines #1467: fix documentation for TestResult.add{Error,Failure}. ........ r59166 | georg.brandl | 2007-11-24 03:42:14 -0800 (Sat, 24 Nov 2007) | 2 lines #1355: remove mention of PyXML from xml.dom docs. ........ r59169 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2007-11-24 05:20:22 -0800 (Sat, 24 Nov 2007) | 2 lines Warning "<> not supported in 3.x" should be enabled only when the -3 option is set. ........ r59170 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2007-11-24 05:44:17 -0800 (Sat, 24 Nov 2007) | 3 lines Issue #1445: Fix a SystemError when accessing the ``cell_contents`` attribute of an empty cell object. Now a ValueError is raised. ........ r59172 | georg.brandl | 2007-11-24 05:56:09 -0800 (Sat, 24 Nov 2007) | 3 lines #1735632: add O_NOATIME constant to os module. Also document a few other O_ constants that were missing from documentation. ........ r59173 | skip.montanaro | 2007-11-24 06:30:47 -0800 (Sat, 24 Nov 2007) | 1 line back in these go - thanks to Titus Brown for the fix ........ r59176 | martin.v.loewis | 2007-11-24 10:33:40 -0800 (Sat, 24 Nov 2007) | 2 lines Bug #1494: Document that appendChild removes first. ........ r59186 | guido.van.rossum | 2007-11-26 14:16:49 -0800 (Mon, 26 Nov 2007) | 2 lines A thread-less variant of brownian.py, submitted by Michele Simoniato. ........
2007-11-26 19:23:18 -04:00
Note that if you want to send data to the process's stdin, you need to create
the Popen object with ``stdin=PIPE``. Similarly, to get anything other than
``None`` in the result tuple, you need to give ``stdout=PIPE`` and/or
``stderr=PIPE`` too.
.. note::
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
The data read is buffered in memory, so do not use this method if the data
size is large or unlimited.
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
Merged revisions 62386-62387,62389-62393,62396,62400-62402,62407,62409-62410,62412-62414,62418-62419 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r62386 | christian.heimes | 2008-04-19 04:23:57 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Added kill, terminate and send_signal to subprocess.Popen The bits and pieces for the Windows side were already in place. The POSIX side is trivial (as usual) and uses os.kill(). ........ r62387 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-19 10:23:59 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Fix-up docs for revision 62386. ........ r62389 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-19 18:57:43 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines #2369: clarify that copyfile() doesn't take a target directory. ........ r62390 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-19 18:58:28 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines #2634: clarify meaning of env parameter to spawn/exec*e. ........ r62391 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-19 18:58:49 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines #2633: clarify meaning of env parameter. ........ r62392 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-19 18:59:16 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines #2631: clarify IMPORT_NAME semantics. ........ r62393 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-19 19:00:14 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines :func: et al. should *not* include the parens. ........ r62396 | mark.dickinson | 2008-04-19 20:51:48 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 5 lines Additional tests for math.pow, and extra special-case handling code in math.pow, in the hope of making all tests pass on the alpha Tru64 buildbot. ........ r62400 | mark.dickinson | 2008-04-19 21:41:52 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Additional special-case handling for math.pow. Windows/VS2008 doesn't like (-1)**(+-inf). ........ r62401 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-04-19 21:47:34 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Complete documentation for errors argument of io's open and TextIOWrapper ........ r62402 | mark.dickinson | 2008-04-19 22:31:16 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Document updates to math and cmath modules. ........ r62407 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-19 23:28:38 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Update template for newest Sphinx. ........ r62409 | mark.dickinson | 2008-04-19 23:35:35 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 5 lines Correct documentation for math.pow; 0**nan is nan, not 0. (But nan**0 and 1**nan are 1.) Also fix minor typo: 'quite NaN' -> 'quiet NaN' ........ r62410 | mark.dickinson | 2008-04-19 23:49:22 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 4 lines Move asinh documentation to the proper place. Remove meaningless 'in radians' from inverse hyperbolic functions. ........ r62412 | mark.dickinson | 2008-04-20 03:22:30 +0200 (Sun, 20 Apr 2008) | 5 lines Report additional diagnostic information in test_math, to help track down debian-alpha buildbot failure. ........ r62413 | mark.dickinson | 2008-04-20 03:39:24 +0200 (Sun, 20 Apr 2008) | 3 lines FreeBSD doesn't follow C99 for modf(inf); so add explicit special-value handling to math.modf code. ........ r62414 | mark.dickinson | 2008-04-20 06:13:13 +0200 (Sun, 20 Apr 2008) | 5 lines Yet more explicit special case handling to make math.pow behave on alpha Tru64. All IEEE 754 special values are now handled directly; only the finite**finite case is handled by libm. ........ r62418 | mark.dickinson | 2008-04-20 18:13:17 +0200 (Sun, 20 Apr 2008) | 7 lines Issue 2662: Initialize special value tables dynamically (i.e. when cmath module is loaded) instead of statically. This fixes compile-time problems on platforms where HUGE_VAL is an extern variable rather than a constant. Thanks Hirokazu Yamamoto for the patch. ........ r62419 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-20 18:54:02 +0200 (Sun, 20 Apr 2008) | 1 line Move description of math module changes; various edits to description of cmath changes ........
2008-04-20 18:01:16 -03:00
.. method:: Popen.send_signal(signal)
Sends the signal *signal* to the child.
.. note::
On Windows only SIGTERM is supported so far. It's an alias for
:meth:`terminate`.
.. method:: Popen.terminate()
Stop the child. On Posix OSs the method sends SIGTERM to the
Merged revisions 62425-62429,62434-62436,62441,62444,62446-62448,62450-62455,62463,62465-62466,62469,62474,62476-62478,62480,62485,62492,62497-62498,62500,62507,62513-62514,62516,62521,62531,62535,62545-62546,62548-62551,62553-62559,62569,62574,62577,62593,62595,62604-62606,62608,62616,62626-62627,62636,62638,62644-62645,62647-62648,62651-62653,62656,62661,62663,62680,62686-62687,62696,62699-62703,62711 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ................ r62425 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-21 03:45:57 +0200 (Mon, 21 Apr 2008) | 1 line Comment typo ................ r62426 | mark.dickinson | 2008-04-21 03:55:50 +0200 (Mon, 21 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Silence 'r may be used uninitialized' compiler warning. ................ r62427 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-21 04:08:00 +0200 (Mon, 21 Apr 2008) | 1 line Markup fix ................ r62428 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-21 04:08:13 +0200 (Mon, 21 Apr 2008) | 1 line Wording changes ................ r62429 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-21 04:14:24 +0200 (Mon, 21 Apr 2008) | 1 line Add various items ................ r62434 | thomas.heller | 2008-04-21 15:46:55 +0200 (Mon, 21 Apr 2008) | 1 line Fix typo. ................ r62435 | david.goodger | 2008-04-21 16:40:22 +0200 (Mon, 21 Apr 2008) | 1 line corrections ("reStructuredText" is one word) ................ r62436 | david.goodger | 2008-04-21 16:43:33 +0200 (Mon, 21 Apr 2008) | 1 line capitalization ................ r62441 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-21 19:46:40 +0200 (Mon, 21 Apr 2008) | 2 lines explicitly flush after the ... since there wasn't a newline ................ r62444 | jeroen.ruigrok | 2008-04-21 22:15:39 +0200 (Mon, 21 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Windows x64 also falls under VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT. ................ r62446 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-21 23:31:08 +0200 (Mon, 21 Apr 2008) | 3 lines If sys.stdin is not a tty, fall back to default_getpass after printing a warning instead of failing with a termios.error. ................ r62447 | mark.dickinson | 2008-04-22 00:32:24 +0200 (Tue, 22 Apr 2008) | 8 lines test_math and test_cmath are failing on the FreeBSD 6.2 trunk buildbot, apparently because tanh(-0.) loses the sign of zero on that platform. If true, this is a bug in FreeBSD. Added a configure test to verify this. I still need to figure out how best to deal with this failure. ................ r62448 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2008-04-22 00:35:30 +0200 (Tue, 22 Apr 2008) | 7 lines Issue 2665: On Windows, sys.stderr does not contain a valid file when running without a console. It seems to work, but will fail at the first flush. This causes IDLE to crash when too many warnings are printed. Will backport. ................ r62450 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-04-22 00:57:00 +0200 (Tue, 22 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Fix Sphinx warnings ................ r62451 | mark.dickinson | 2008-04-22 02:54:27 +0200 (Tue, 22 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Make configure test for tanh(-0.) == -0. committed in r62447 actually work. (The test wasn't properly linked with libm. Sigh.) ................ r62452 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-04-22 04:16:03 +0200 (Tue, 22 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Various io doc updates ................ r62453 | neal.norwitz | 2008-04-22 07:07:47 +0200 (Tue, 22 Apr 2008) | 1 line Add Thomas Lee ................ r62454 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-22 10:08:41 +0200 (Tue, 22 Apr 2008) | 8 lines Major improvements: * Default to using /dev/tty for the password prompt and input before falling back to sys.stdin and sys.stderr. * Use sys.stderr instead of sys.stdout. * print the 'password may be echoed' warning to stream used to display the prompt rather than always sys.stderr. * warn() with GetPassWarning when input may be echoed. ................ r62455 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-22 10:11:33 +0200 (Tue, 22 Apr 2008) | 2 lines update the getpass entry ................ r62463 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2008-04-22 23:14:41 +0200 (Tue, 22 Apr 2008) | 5 lines Issue #2670: urllib2.build_opener() failed when two handlers derive the same default base class. Will backport. ................ r62465 | skip.montanaro | 2008-04-23 00:45:09 +0200 (Wed, 23 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Factor in documentation changes from issue 1753732. ................ r62466 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-04-23 03:06:42 +0200 (Wed, 23 Apr 2008) | 2 lines syntax fixup ................ r62469 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-04-23 22:38:06 +0200 (Wed, 23 Apr 2008) | 2 lines #2673 Fix example typo in optparse docs ................ r62474 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-04-24 11:50:50 +0200 (Thu, 24 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Add Guilherme Polo. ................ r62476 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-04-24 15:16:36 +0200 (Thu, 24 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Remove Py_Refcnt, Py_Type, Py_Size, as they were added only for backwards compatibility, yet 2.5 did not have them at all. ................ r62477 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-04-24 15:17:24 +0200 (Thu, 24 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Fix typo. ................ r62478 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-04-24 15:18:03 +0200 (Thu, 24 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Add Jesus Cea. ................ r62480 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2008-04-24 20:07:05 +0200 (Thu, 24 Apr 2008) | 4 lines Issue2681: the literal 0o8 was wrongly accepted, and evaluated as float(0.0). This happened only when 8 is the first digit. Credits go to Lukas Meuser. ................ r62485 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2008-04-24 22:10:26 +0200 (Thu, 24 Apr 2008) | 5 lines Disable gc when running test_trace, or we may record the __del__ of collected objects. See http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-checkins/2008-April/068633.html the extra events perfectly match several calls to socket._fileobject.__del__() ................ r62492 | neal.norwitz | 2008-04-25 05:40:17 +0200 (Fri, 25 Apr 2008) | 1 line Fix typo (now -> no) ................ r62497 | armin.rigo | 2008-04-25 11:35:18 +0200 (Fri, 25 Apr 2008) | 2 lines A new crasher. ................ r62498 | thomas.heller | 2008-04-25 17:44:16 +0200 (Fri, 25 Apr 2008) | 1 line Add from_buffer and from_buffer_copy class methods to ctypes types. ................ r62500 | mark.dickinson | 2008-04-25 18:59:09 +0200 (Fri, 25 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Issue 2635: fix bug in the fix_sentence_endings option to textwrap.fill. ................ r62507 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-04-25 23:43:56 +0200 (Fri, 25 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Allow test_import to work when it is invoked directly ................ r62513 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-26 20:31:07 +0200 (Sat, 26 Apr 2008) | 2 lines #2691: document PyLong (s)size_t APIs, patch by Alexander Belopolsky. ................ r62514 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-26 20:32:17 +0200 (Sat, 26 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Add missing return type to dealloc. ................ r62516 | alexandre.vassalotti | 2008-04-27 02:52:24 +0200 (Sun, 27 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Fixed URL of PEP 205 in weakref's module docstring. ................ r62521 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-27 11:39:59 +0200 (Sun, 27 Apr 2008) | 2 lines #2677: add note that not all functions may accept keyword args. ................ r62531 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-27 19:38:55 +0200 (Sun, 27 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Use correct XHTML tags. ................ r62535 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-04-27 20:14:39 +0200 (Sun, 27 Apr 2008) | 2 lines #2700 Document PyNumber_ToBase ................ r62545 | skip.montanaro | 2008-04-27 22:53:57 +0200 (Sun, 27 Apr 2008) | 1 line minor wording changes, rewrap a few lines ................ r62546 | kurt.kaiser | 2008-04-27 23:07:41 +0200 (Sun, 27 Apr 2008) | 7 lines Home / Control-A toggles between left margin and end of leading white space. Patch 1196903 Jeff Shute. M idlelib/PyShell.py M idlelib/EditorWindow.py M idlelib/NEWS.txt ................ r62548 | kurt.kaiser | 2008-04-27 23:38:05 +0200 (Sun, 27 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Improved AutoCompleteWindow logic. Patch 2062 Tal Einat. ................ r62549 | kurt.kaiser | 2008-04-27 23:52:19 +0200 (Sun, 27 Apr 2008) | 4 lines Autocompletion of filenames now support alternate separators, e.g. the '/' char on Windows. Patch 2061 Tal Einat. ................ r62550 | skip.montanaro | 2008-04-28 00:49:56 +0200 (Mon, 28 Apr 2008) | 6 lines A few small changes: * The only exception we should catch when trying to import cStringIO is an ImportError. * Delete the function signatures embedded in the mk*temp docstrings. * The tempdir global variable was initialized twice. ................ r62551 | skip.montanaro | 2008-04-28 00:52:02 +0200 (Mon, 28 Apr 2008) | 4 lines Wrap some long paragraphs and include the default values for optional function parameters. ................ r62553 | skip.montanaro | 2008-04-28 04:57:23 +0200 (Mon, 28 Apr 2008) | 7 lines Minor cleanups: * Avoid creating unused local variables where we can. Where we can't prefix the unused variables with '_'. * Avoid shadowing builtins where it won't change the external interface of a function. * Use None as default path arg to readmodule and readmodule_ex. ................ r62554 | skip.montanaro | 2008-04-28 04:59:45 +0200 (Mon, 28 Apr 2008) | 6 lines Correct documentation to match implementation: "Class" instead of "class_descriptor", "Function" instead of "function_descriptor". Note default path value for readmodule*. Wrap some long paragraphs. Don't mention 'inpackage' which isn't part of the public API. ................ r62555 | brett.cannon | 2008-04-28 05:23:50 +0200 (Mon, 28 Apr 2008) | 5 lines Fix a bug introduced by the warnings rewrite where tracebacks were being improperly indented. Closes issue #2699. ................ r62556 | skip.montanaro | 2008-04-28 05:25:37 +0200 (Mon, 28 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Wrap some long lines. ................ r62557 | skip.montanaro | 2008-04-28 05:27:53 +0200 (Mon, 28 Apr 2008) | 6 lines Get rid of _test(), _main(), _debug() and _check(). Tests are no longer needed (better set available in Lib/test/test_robotparser.py). Clean up a few PEP 8 nits (compound statements on a single line, whitespace around operators). ................ r62558 | brett.cannon | 2008-04-28 06:50:06 +0200 (Mon, 28 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Rename the test_traceback_print() function to traceback_print() to prevent test_capi from automatically calling the function. ................ r62559 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-28 07:16:30 +0200 (Mon, 28 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Fix markup. ................ r62569 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2008-04-28 23:07:06 +0200 (Mon, 28 Apr 2008) | 5 lines test_sundry performs minimal tests (a simple import...) on modules that are not tested otherwise. Some of them now have tests and can be removed. Only 70 to go... ................ r62574 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-29 04:03:54 +0200 (Tue, 29 Apr 2008) | 1 line Strip down SSL docs; I'm not managing to get test programs working, so I'll just give a minimal description ................ r62577 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-04-29 08:10:53 +0200 (Tue, 29 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Add Rodrigo and Heiko. ................ r62593 | nick.coghlan | 2008-04-30 16:23:36 +0200 (Wed, 30 Apr 2008) | 1 line Update command line usage documentation to reflect 2.6 changes (also includes some minor cleanups). Addresses TODO list issue 2258 ................ r62595 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-30 18:19:55 +0200 (Wed, 30 Apr 2008) | 1 line Typo fix ................ r62604 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-04-30 23:03:58 +0200 (Wed, 30 Apr 2008) | 2 lines make test_support's captured_output a bit more robust when exceptions happen ................ r62605 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-30 23:08:42 +0200 (Wed, 30 Apr 2008) | 2 lines #1748: use functools.wraps instead of rolling own metadata update. ................ r62606 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-04-30 23:25:55 +0200 (Wed, 30 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Remove some from __future__ import with_statements ................ r62608 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-01 00:03:36 +0200 (Thu, 01 May 2008) | 2 lines Fix typo in whatsnew ................ r62616 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-01 20:24:32 +0200 (Thu, 01 May 2008) | 2 lines Fix synopsis. ................ r62626 | brett.cannon | 2008-05-02 04:25:09 +0200 (Fri, 02 May 2008) | 6 lines Fix a backwards-compatibility mistake where a new optional argument for warnings.showwarning() was being used. This broke pre-existing replacements for the function since they didn't support the extra argument. Closes issue 2705. ................ r62627 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-05-02 09:26:52 +0200 (Fri, 02 May 2008) | 20 lines This should fix issue2632. A long description of the two competing problems is in the bug report (one old, one recently introduced trying to fix the old one). In short: buffer data during socket._fileobject.read() and readlines() within a cStringIO object instead of a [] of str()s returned from the recv() call. This prevents excessive memory use due to the size parameter being passed to recv() being grossly larger than the actual size of the data returned *and* prevents excessive cpu usage due to looping in python calling recv() with a very tiny size value if min() is used as the previous memory-use bug "fix" did. It also documents what the socket._fileobject._rbufsize member is actually used for. This is a candidate for back porting to 2.5. ................ r62636 | mark.hammond | 2008-05-02 14:48:15 +0200 (Fri, 02 May 2008) | 2 lines #2581: Vista UAC/elevation support for bdist_wininst ................ r62638 | facundo.batista | 2008-05-02 19:39:00 +0200 (Fri, 02 May 2008) | 3 lines Fixed some test structures. Thanks Mark Dickinson. ................ r62644 | ronald.oussoren | 2008-05-02 21:45:11 +0200 (Fri, 02 May 2008) | 7 lines Fix for issue #2573: Can't change the framework name on OS X builds This introduces a new configure option: --with-framework-name=NAME (defaulting to 'Python'). This allows you to install several copies of the Python framework with different names (such as a normal build and a debug build). ................ r62645 | ronald.oussoren | 2008-05-02 21:58:56 +0200 (Fri, 02 May 2008) | 2 lines Finish fix for issue2573, previous patch was incomplete. ................ r62647 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-05-02 23:30:20 +0200 (Fri, 02 May 2008) | 13 lines Merged revisions 62263-62646 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/sandbox/trunk/2to3/lib2to3 ........ r62470 | david.wolever | 2008-04-24 02:11:07 +0200 (Do, 24 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Fixed up and applied the patch for #2431 -- speeding up 2to3 with a lookup table. ........ r62646 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-05-02 23:29:27 +0200 (Fr, 02 Mai 2008) | 2 lines Fix whitespace. ........ ................ r62648 | ronald.oussoren | 2008-05-02 23:42:35 +0200 (Fri, 02 May 2008) | 4 lines Fix for #1905: PythonLauncher not working correctly on OSX 10.5/Leopard This fixes both Python Launchar and the terminalcommand module. ................ r62651 | ronald.oussoren | 2008-05-02 23:54:56 +0200 (Fri, 02 May 2008) | 2 lines Fix for issue #2520 (cannot import macerrors) ................ r62652 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-03 00:12:58 +0200 (Sat, 03 May 2008) | 2 lines capitalization nit for reStructuredText ................ r62653 | brett.cannon | 2008-05-03 03:02:41 +0200 (Sat, 03 May 2008) | 2 lines Fix some indentation errors. ................ r62656 | brett.cannon | 2008-05-03 05:19:39 +0200 (Sat, 03 May 2008) | 6 lines Fix the C implementation of 'warnings' to infer the filename of the module that raised an exception properly when __file__ is not set, __name__ == '__main__', and sys.argv[0] is a false value. Closes issue2743. ................ r62661 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2008-05-03 14:21:13 +0200 (Sat, 03 May 2008) | 8 lines In test_io, StatefulIncrementalDecoderTest was not part of the test suite. And of course, the test failed: a bytearray was used without reason in io.TextIOWrapper.tell(). The difference is that iterating over bytes (i.e. str in python2.6) returns 1-char bytes, whereas bytearrays yield integers. This code should still work with python3.0 ................ r62663 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-03 17:56:42 +0200 (Sat, 03 May 2008) | 2 lines The compiling struct is now passed around to all AST helpers (see issue 2720) ................ r62680 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-03 23:35:18 +0200 (Sat, 03 May 2008) | 2 lines Moved testing of builtin types out of test_builtin and into type specific modules ................ r62686 | mark.dickinson | 2008-05-04 04:25:46 +0200 (Sun, 04 May 2008) | 4 lines Make sure that Context traps and flags dictionaries have values 0 and 1 (as documented) rather than True and False. ................ r62687 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-04 05:05:49 +0200 (Sun, 04 May 2008) | 2 lines Fix typo in whatsnew ................ r62696 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-04 11:15:04 +0200 (Sun, 04 May 2008) | 2 lines #2752: wrong meaning of '' for socket host. ................ r62699 | christian.heimes | 2008-05-04 13:50:53 +0200 (Sun, 04 May 2008) | 1 line Added note that Python requires at least Win2k SP4 ................ r62700 | gerhard.haering | 2008-05-04 14:59:57 +0200 (Sun, 04 May 2008) | 3 lines SQLite requires 64-bit integers in order to build. So the whole HAVE_LONG_LONG #ifdefing was useless. ................ r62701 | gerhard.haering | 2008-05-04 15:15:12 +0200 (Sun, 04 May 2008) | 3 lines Applied sqliterow-richcmp.diff patch from Thomas Heller in Issue2152. The sqlite3.Row type is now correctly hashable. ................ r62702 | gerhard.haering | 2008-05-04 15:42:44 +0200 (Sun, 04 May 2008) | 5 lines Implemented feature request 2157: Converter names are cut off at '(' characters. This avoids the common case of something like 'NUMBER(10)' not being parsed as 'NUMBER', like expected. Also corrected the docs about converter names being case-sensitive. They aren't any longer. ................ r62703 | georg.brandl | 2008-05-04 17:45:05 +0200 (Sun, 04 May 2008) | 2 lines #2757: Remove spare newline. ................ r62711 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-05-04 21:10:02 +0200 (Sun, 04 May 2008) | 2 lines Fix typo in bugs.rst ................
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child. On Windows the Win32 API function :cfunc:`TerminateProcess` is called
Merged revisions 62386-62387,62389-62393,62396,62400-62402,62407,62409-62410,62412-62414,62418-62419 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r62386 | christian.heimes | 2008-04-19 04:23:57 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Added kill, terminate and send_signal to subprocess.Popen The bits and pieces for the Windows side were already in place. The POSIX side is trivial (as usual) and uses os.kill(). ........ r62387 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-19 10:23:59 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Fix-up docs for revision 62386. ........ r62389 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-19 18:57:43 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines #2369: clarify that copyfile() doesn't take a target directory. ........ r62390 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-19 18:58:28 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines #2634: clarify meaning of env parameter to spawn/exec*e. ........ r62391 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-19 18:58:49 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines #2633: clarify meaning of env parameter. ........ r62392 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-19 18:59:16 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines #2631: clarify IMPORT_NAME semantics. ........ r62393 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-19 19:00:14 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines :func: et al. should *not* include the parens. ........ r62396 | mark.dickinson | 2008-04-19 20:51:48 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 5 lines Additional tests for math.pow, and extra special-case handling code in math.pow, in the hope of making all tests pass on the alpha Tru64 buildbot. ........ r62400 | mark.dickinson | 2008-04-19 21:41:52 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 3 lines Additional special-case handling for math.pow. Windows/VS2008 doesn't like (-1)**(+-inf). ........ r62401 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-04-19 21:47:34 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Complete documentation for errors argument of io's open and TextIOWrapper ........ r62402 | mark.dickinson | 2008-04-19 22:31:16 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Document updates to math and cmath modules. ........ r62407 | georg.brandl | 2008-04-19 23:28:38 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines Update template for newest Sphinx. ........ r62409 | mark.dickinson | 2008-04-19 23:35:35 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 5 lines Correct documentation for math.pow; 0**nan is nan, not 0. (But nan**0 and 1**nan are 1.) Also fix minor typo: 'quite NaN' -> 'quiet NaN' ........ r62410 | mark.dickinson | 2008-04-19 23:49:22 +0200 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 4 lines Move asinh documentation to the proper place. Remove meaningless 'in radians' from inverse hyperbolic functions. ........ r62412 | mark.dickinson | 2008-04-20 03:22:30 +0200 (Sun, 20 Apr 2008) | 5 lines Report additional diagnostic information in test_math, to help track down debian-alpha buildbot failure. ........ r62413 | mark.dickinson | 2008-04-20 03:39:24 +0200 (Sun, 20 Apr 2008) | 3 lines FreeBSD doesn't follow C99 for modf(inf); so add explicit special-value handling to math.modf code. ........ r62414 | mark.dickinson | 2008-04-20 06:13:13 +0200 (Sun, 20 Apr 2008) | 5 lines Yet more explicit special case handling to make math.pow behave on alpha Tru64. All IEEE 754 special values are now handled directly; only the finite**finite case is handled by libm. ........ r62418 | mark.dickinson | 2008-04-20 18:13:17 +0200 (Sun, 20 Apr 2008) | 7 lines Issue 2662: Initialize special value tables dynamically (i.e. when cmath module is loaded) instead of statically. This fixes compile-time problems on platforms where HUGE_VAL is an extern variable rather than a constant. Thanks Hirokazu Yamamoto for the patch. ........ r62419 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-04-20 18:54:02 +0200 (Sun, 20 Apr 2008) | 1 line Move description of math module changes; various edits to description of cmath changes ........
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to stop the child.
.. method:: Popen.kill()
Kills the child. On Posix OSs the function sends SIGKILL to the child.
On Windows :meth:`kill` is an alias for :meth:`terminate`.
The following attributes are also available:
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Merged revisions 65437,65469,65476,65480,65502,65528,65539,65543,65558,65561-65562,65565,65591,65601,65608,65610,65639 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r65437 | georg.brandl | 2008-08-03 22:28:55 +0000 (Sun, 03 Aug 2008) | 2 lines Note the removal of several committers. ........ r65469 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-08-04 01:03:50 +0000 (Mon, 04 Aug 2008) | 3 lines issue1606: Add warnings to the subprocess documentation about common pitfalls of using pipes that cause deadlocks. ........ r65476 | georg.brandl | 2008-08-04 06:29:36 +0000 (Mon, 04 Aug 2008) | 2 lines Fix markup. ........ r65480 | georg.brandl | 2008-08-04 07:31:50 +0000 (Mon, 04 Aug 2008) | 3 lines Clarify the meaning of the select() parameters and sync names with docstring. ........ r65502 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-08-04 18:34:07 +0000 (Mon, 04 Aug 2008) | 2 lines more cleanup ups of the recently added warnings in the subprocess docs. ........ r65528 | brett.cannon | 2008-08-04 21:52:25 +0000 (Mon, 04 Aug 2008) | 4 lines Add a note about all the modules/packages changed to silence -3 warnings. More changes are needed once some decisions are made, but this is the work up to this point. ........ r65539 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-08-05 01:38:08 +0000 (Tue, 05 Aug 2008) | 6 lines #3367 from Kristjan Valur Jonsson: If a PyTokenizer_FromString() is called with an empty string, the tokenizer's line_start member never gets initialized. Later, it is compared with the token pointer 'a' in parsetok.c:193 and that behavior can result in undefined behavior. ........ r65543 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-08-05 02:05:23 +0000 (Tue, 05 Aug 2008) | 1 line #3367: revert rev. 65539: this change causes test_parser to fail ........ r65558 | georg.brandl | 2008-08-06 17:20:41 +0000 (Wed, 06 Aug 2008) | 2 lines Fix longstringitem definition. #3505. ........ r65561 | mark.dickinson | 2008-08-06 20:12:30 +0000 (Wed, 06 Aug 2008) | 2 lines Docstring typo ........ r65562 | mark.dickinson | 2008-08-06 21:36:57 +0000 (Wed, 06 Aug 2008) | 2 lines Remove duplicate import ........ r65565 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-08-07 01:47:34 +0000 (Thu, 07 Aug 2008) | 1 line Add some items ........ r65591 | georg.brandl | 2008-08-08 06:42:20 +0000 (Fri, 08 Aug 2008) | 2 lines #3519: callee is an expression too. ........ r65601 | georg.brandl | 2008-08-08 15:34:34 +0000 (Fri, 08 Aug 2008) | 2 lines Remove mention of backquotes in the tutorial. ........ r65608 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-08-09 14:55:34 +0000 (Sat, 09 Aug 2008) | 2 lines Add news item about _sre.compile() re-bytecode validator. ........ r65610 | antoine.pitrou | 2008-08-09 17:27:23 +0000 (Sat, 09 Aug 2008) | 3 lines move NEWS entry to the appropriate section (oops!) ........ r65639 | georg.brandl | 2008-08-11 10:27:31 +0000 (Mon, 11 Aug 2008) | 2 lines #3540: fix exception name. ........
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.. warning::
Use :meth:`communicate` rather than :attr:`.stdin.write <stdin>`,
:attr:`.stdout.read <stdout>` or :attr:`.stderr.read <stderr>` to avoid
deadlocks due to any of the other OS pipe buffers filling up and blocking the
child process.
Merged revisions 65437,65469,65476,65480,65502,65528,65539,65543,65558,65561-65562,65565,65591,65601,65608,65610,65639 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r65437 | georg.brandl | 2008-08-03 22:28:55 +0000 (Sun, 03 Aug 2008) | 2 lines Note the removal of several committers. ........ r65469 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-08-04 01:03:50 +0000 (Mon, 04 Aug 2008) | 3 lines issue1606: Add warnings to the subprocess documentation about common pitfalls of using pipes that cause deadlocks. ........ r65476 | georg.brandl | 2008-08-04 06:29:36 +0000 (Mon, 04 Aug 2008) | 2 lines Fix markup. ........ r65480 | georg.brandl | 2008-08-04 07:31:50 +0000 (Mon, 04 Aug 2008) | 3 lines Clarify the meaning of the select() parameters and sync names with docstring. ........ r65502 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-08-04 18:34:07 +0000 (Mon, 04 Aug 2008) | 2 lines more cleanup ups of the recently added warnings in the subprocess docs. ........ r65528 | brett.cannon | 2008-08-04 21:52:25 +0000 (Mon, 04 Aug 2008) | 4 lines Add a note about all the modules/packages changed to silence -3 warnings. More changes are needed once some decisions are made, but this is the work up to this point. ........ r65539 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-08-05 01:38:08 +0000 (Tue, 05 Aug 2008) | 6 lines #3367 from Kristjan Valur Jonsson: If a PyTokenizer_FromString() is called with an empty string, the tokenizer's line_start member never gets initialized. Later, it is compared with the token pointer 'a' in parsetok.c:193 and that behavior can result in undefined behavior. ........ r65543 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-08-05 02:05:23 +0000 (Tue, 05 Aug 2008) | 1 line #3367: revert rev. 65539: this change causes test_parser to fail ........ r65558 | georg.brandl | 2008-08-06 17:20:41 +0000 (Wed, 06 Aug 2008) | 2 lines Fix longstringitem definition. #3505. ........ r65561 | mark.dickinson | 2008-08-06 20:12:30 +0000 (Wed, 06 Aug 2008) | 2 lines Docstring typo ........ r65562 | mark.dickinson | 2008-08-06 21:36:57 +0000 (Wed, 06 Aug 2008) | 2 lines Remove duplicate import ........ r65565 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-08-07 01:47:34 +0000 (Thu, 07 Aug 2008) | 1 line Add some items ........ r65591 | georg.brandl | 2008-08-08 06:42:20 +0000 (Fri, 08 Aug 2008) | 2 lines #3519: callee is an expression too. ........ r65601 | georg.brandl | 2008-08-08 15:34:34 +0000 (Fri, 08 Aug 2008) | 2 lines Remove mention of backquotes in the tutorial. ........ r65608 | guido.van.rossum | 2008-08-09 14:55:34 +0000 (Sat, 09 Aug 2008) | 2 lines Add news item about _sre.compile() re-bytecode validator. ........ r65610 | antoine.pitrou | 2008-08-09 17:27:23 +0000 (Sat, 09 Aug 2008) | 3 lines move NEWS entry to the appropriate section (oops!) ........ r65639 | georg.brandl | 2008-08-11 10:27:31 +0000 (Mon, 11 Aug 2008) | 2 lines #3540: fix exception name. ........
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.. attribute:: Popen.stdin
Merged revisions 67531-67532,67538,67553-67554,67556-67557,67571,67574-67575,67579-67580,67591,67597,67608,67631 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r67531 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-04 19:54:05 +0100 (Thu, 04 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Add reference to enumerate() to indices example. ........ r67532 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-04 19:59:16 +0100 (Thu, 04 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Add another heapq example. ........ r67538 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-04 22:28:16 +0100 (Thu, 04 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Clarification to avoid confusing output with file descriptors. ........ r67553 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 08:49:49 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4408: document regex.groups. ........ r67554 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 08:52:26 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4409: fix asterisks looking like footnotes. ........ r67556 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 09:02:17 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4441: improve doc for os.open() flags. ........ r67557 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 09:06:57 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Add an index entry for "subclassing immutable types". ........ r67571 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 10:13:45 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Use markup. ........ r67574 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 10:25:32 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4441 followup: Add link to open() docs for Windows. ........ r67575 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 12:34:51 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4544: add `dedent` to textwrap.__all__. ........ r67579 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 16:29:39 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4517: add "special method" glossary entry and clarify when __getattribute__ is bypassed. ........ r67580 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 16:32:29 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4478: document that copyfile() can raise Error. ........ r67591 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 19:00:06 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Followup to #4511: add link from decorator glossary entry to definition. ........ r67597 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 20:03:19 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Remove confusing sentence part. ........ r67608 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-06 12:57:12 +0100 (Sat, 06 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Follow-up to #4488: document PIPE and STDOUT properly. ........ r67631 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-07 12:54:07 +0100 (Sun, 07 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Add link to the favicon to the docs. ........
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If the *stdin* argument was :data:`PIPE`, this attribute is a file object
that provides input to the child process. Otherwise, it is ``None``.
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.. attribute:: Popen.stdout
Merged revisions 67531-67532,67538,67553-67554,67556-67557,67571,67574-67575,67579-67580,67591,67597,67608,67631 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r67531 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-04 19:54:05 +0100 (Thu, 04 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Add reference to enumerate() to indices example. ........ r67532 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-04 19:59:16 +0100 (Thu, 04 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Add another heapq example. ........ r67538 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-04 22:28:16 +0100 (Thu, 04 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Clarification to avoid confusing output with file descriptors. ........ r67553 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 08:49:49 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4408: document regex.groups. ........ r67554 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 08:52:26 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4409: fix asterisks looking like footnotes. ........ r67556 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 09:02:17 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4441: improve doc for os.open() flags. ........ r67557 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 09:06:57 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Add an index entry for "subclassing immutable types". ........ r67571 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 10:13:45 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Use markup. ........ r67574 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 10:25:32 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4441 followup: Add link to open() docs for Windows. ........ r67575 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 12:34:51 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4544: add `dedent` to textwrap.__all__. ........ r67579 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 16:29:39 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4517: add "special method" glossary entry and clarify when __getattribute__ is bypassed. ........ r67580 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 16:32:29 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4478: document that copyfile() can raise Error. ........ r67591 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 19:00:06 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Followup to #4511: add link from decorator glossary entry to definition. ........ r67597 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 20:03:19 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Remove confusing sentence part. ........ r67608 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-06 12:57:12 +0100 (Sat, 06 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Follow-up to #4488: document PIPE and STDOUT properly. ........ r67631 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-07 12:54:07 +0100 (Sun, 07 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Add link to the favicon to the docs. ........
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If the *stdout* argument was :data:`PIPE`, this attribute is a file object
that provides output from the child process. Otherwise, it is ``None``.
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.. attribute:: Popen.stderr
Merged revisions 67531-67532,67538,67553-67554,67556-67557,67571,67574-67575,67579-67580,67591,67597,67608,67631 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r67531 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-04 19:54:05 +0100 (Thu, 04 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Add reference to enumerate() to indices example. ........ r67532 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-04 19:59:16 +0100 (Thu, 04 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Add another heapq example. ........ r67538 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-04 22:28:16 +0100 (Thu, 04 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Clarification to avoid confusing output with file descriptors. ........ r67553 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 08:49:49 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4408: document regex.groups. ........ r67554 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 08:52:26 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4409: fix asterisks looking like footnotes. ........ r67556 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 09:02:17 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4441: improve doc for os.open() flags. ........ r67557 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 09:06:57 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Add an index entry for "subclassing immutable types". ........ r67571 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 10:13:45 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Use markup. ........ r67574 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 10:25:32 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4441 followup: Add link to open() docs for Windows. ........ r67575 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 12:34:51 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4544: add `dedent` to textwrap.__all__. ........ r67579 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 16:29:39 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4517: add "special method" glossary entry and clarify when __getattribute__ is bypassed. ........ r67580 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 16:32:29 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines #4478: document that copyfile() can raise Error. ........ r67591 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 19:00:06 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Followup to #4511: add link from decorator glossary entry to definition. ........ r67597 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-05 20:03:19 +0100 (Fri, 05 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Remove confusing sentence part. ........ r67608 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-06 12:57:12 +0100 (Sat, 06 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Follow-up to #4488: document PIPE and STDOUT properly. ........ r67631 | georg.brandl | 2008-12-07 12:54:07 +0100 (Sun, 07 Dec 2008) | 2 lines Add link to the favicon to the docs. ........
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If the *stderr* argument was :data:`PIPE`, this attribute is a file object
that provides error output from the child process. Otherwise, it is
``None``.
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.. attribute:: Popen.pid
The process ID of the child process.
.. attribute:: Popen.returncode
The child return code, set by :meth:`poll` and :meth:`wait` (and indirectly
by :meth:`communicate`). A ``None`` value indicates that the process
hasn't terminated yet.
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A negative value ``-N`` indicates that the child was terminated by signal
``N`` (Unix only).
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Merged revisions 64434-64435,64440-64443,64445,64447-64448,64450,64452,64455,64461,64464,64466,64468 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r64434 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-06-20 18:13:58 -0500 (Fri, 20 Jun 2008) | 1 line Remove request for e-mail; it's unlikely these classes will be saved ........ r64435 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-06-20 18:14:32 -0500 (Fri, 20 Jun 2008) | 1 line Grammar fixes ........ r64440 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-06-21 08:29:12 -0500 (Sat, 21 Jun 2008) | 1 line Docstring typo ........ r64441 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-06-21 08:47:20 -0500 (Sat, 21 Jun 2008) | 1 line Use repr() for bad input strings; this makes the empty string or binary characters more visible ........ r64442 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-06-21 08:48:38 -0500 (Sat, 21 Jun 2008) | 1 line Docstring correction ........ r64443 | georg.brandl | 2008-06-21 09:26:19 -0500 (Sat, 21 Jun 2008) | 2 lines Documentation fix. ........ r64445 | facundo.batista | 2008-06-21 12:30:06 -0500 (Sat, 21 Jun 2008) | 3 lines Reviewed and updated the documentation. Fixes #3017. ........ r64447 | facundo.batista | 2008-06-21 13:58:04 -0500 (Sat, 21 Jun 2008) | 6 lines Now a from submitted via POST that also has a query string will contain both FieldStorage and MiniFieldStorage items. Fixes #1817. ........ r64448 | facundo.batista | 2008-06-21 14:48:19 -0500 (Sat, 21 Jun 2008) | 5 lines In the deprecated functions I added an alert to review specially a section of the subprocess documentation that helps with the replacing of those functionss. ........ r64450 | georg.brandl | 2008-06-22 04:05:29 -0500 (Sun, 22 Jun 2008) | 2 lines Turn section references into proper cross-references. ........ r64452 | facundo.batista | 2008-06-22 08:36:20 -0500 (Sun, 22 Jun 2008) | 5 lines Issue #2722. Now the char buffer to support the path string has not fixed length, it mallocs memory if needed. As a result, we don't have a maximum for the getcwd() method. ........ r64455 | facundo.batista | 2008-06-22 10:27:10 -0500 (Sun, 22 Jun 2008) | 4 lines Issue 3164. Small fix to don't repeat a comparation without necessity. ........ r64461 | georg.brandl | 2008-06-22 13:11:52 -0500 (Sun, 22 Jun 2008) | 2 lines #3085: Fix syntax error. ........ r64464 | georg.brandl | 2008-06-22 13:31:54 -0500 (Sun, 22 Jun 2008) | 2 lines Expand docstrings of sqlite3 functions. ........ r64466 | georg.brandl | 2008-06-22 14:07:59 -0500 (Sun, 22 Jun 2008) | 2 lines Write out "phi" consistently. ........ r64468 | facundo.batista | 2008-06-22 14:35:24 -0500 (Sun, 22 Jun 2008) | 4 lines Just returning nothing instead of rising TestSkipped, because it makes the test fail in the trunk.loewis-sun buildbot. ........
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.. _subprocess-replacements:
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Replacing Older Functions with the subprocess Module
----------------------------------------------------
In this section, "a ==> b" means that b can be used as a replacement for a.
.. note::
All functions in this section fail (more or less) silently if the executed
program cannot be found; this module raises an :exc:`OSError` exception.
In the following examples, we assume that the subprocess module is imported with
"from subprocess import \*".
Replacing /bin/sh shell backquote
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
::
output=`mycmd myarg`
==>
output = Popen(["mycmd", "myarg"], stdout=PIPE).communicate()[0]
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Replacing shell pipeline
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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::
output=`dmesg | grep hda`
==>
p1 = Popen(["dmesg"], stdout=PIPE)
p2 = Popen(["grep", "hda"], stdin=p1.stdout, stdout=PIPE)
output = p2.communicate()[0]
Merged revisions 73196,73278-73280,73299,73308,73312-73313,73317-73318,73321,73324,73331,73335,73340,73363 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r73196 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-03 20:40:29 -0500 (Wed, 03 Jun 2009) | 1 line use the offical api ........ r73278 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-07 17:33:11 -0500 (Sun, 07 Jun 2009) | 1 line inherit from object ........ r73279 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-07 17:35:00 -0500 (Sun, 07 Jun 2009) | 1 line always inherit from an appropiate base class ........ r73280 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-07 17:54:35 -0500 (Sun, 07 Jun 2009) | 1 line use booleans for flags ........ r73299 | georg.brandl | 2009-06-08 13:41:36 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 1 line Typo fix. ........ r73308 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-08 17:18:32 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 1 line remove useless assertion ........ r73312 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-08 18:44:13 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 1 line remove error checks already done in set_context() ........ r73313 | r.david.murray | 2009-06-08 19:44:22 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 4 lines Issue 2947: document how return code handling translates from os.popen to subprocess. Also fixes reference link in the os.spawn documentation. ........ r73317 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-09 12:24:26 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 1 line make ast.c depend on the grammar ........ r73318 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-09 12:29:51 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 1 line explain why keyword names are not just NAME ........ r73321 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-09 16:13:43 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 1 line update symbol.py from with statement changes ........ r73324 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2009-06-09 17:53:16 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 2 lines Avoid invoking the parser/compiler just to test the presence of a function. ........ r73331 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-10 08:45:31 -0500 (Wed, 10 Jun 2009) | 1 line fix spelling ........ r73335 | raymond.hettinger | 2009-06-10 11:15:40 -0500 (Wed, 10 Jun 2009) | 1 line Fix signed/unsigned compiler warning. ........ r73340 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2009-06-10 15:30:19 -0500 (Wed, 10 Jun 2009) | 2 lines Fix a typo spotted by Nick Coghlan. ........ r73363 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-11 12:51:17 -0500 (Thu, 11 Jun 2009) | 1 line use multi-with syntax ........
2009-06-11 19:54:11 -03:00
Replacing :func:`os.system`
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
::
sts = os.system("mycmd" + " myarg")
==>
p = Popen("mycmd" + " myarg", shell=True)
Merged revisions 73995,74002,74005,74007-74008,74011,74019-74023 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r73995 | vinay.sajip | 2009-07-13 07:21:05 -0400 (Mon, 13 Jul 2009) | 1 line Issue #6314: logging: Extra checks on the "level" argument in more places. ........ r74002 | marc-andre.lemburg | 2009-07-13 16:23:49 -0400 (Mon, 13 Jul 2009) | 6 lines Use a new global DEV_NULL instead of hard-coding /dev/null into the system command helper functions. See #6479 for some motivation. ........ r74005 | marc-andre.lemburg | 2009-07-13 17:28:33 -0400 (Mon, 13 Jul 2009) | 6 lines Use a different VER command output parser to address the localization issues mentioned in #3410. Prepare for Windows 7 (still commented out). ........ r74007 | michael.foord | 2009-07-14 13:58:12 -0400 (Tue, 14 Jul 2009) | 1 line Move TestRunner initialisation into unittest.TestProgram.runTests. Fixes issue 6418. ........ r74008 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-07-14 20:46:42 -0400 (Tue, 14 Jul 2009) | 1 line update year ........ r74011 | ezio.melotti | 2009-07-15 13:07:04 -0400 (Wed, 15 Jul 2009) | 1 line methods' names pep8ification ........ r74019 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2009-07-15 17:29:27 -0400 (Wed, 15 Jul 2009) | 2 lines #6076 Add a title to the IDLE Preferences window. ........ r74020 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-16 03:18:07 -0400 (Thu, 16 Jul 2009) | 1 line #5910: fix kqueue for calls with more than one event. ........ r74021 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-16 03:33:04 -0400 (Thu, 16 Jul 2009) | 1 line #6486: start with built in functions rather than "built in objects". ........ r74022 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-16 03:38:35 -0400 (Thu, 16 Jul 2009) | 1 line #6481: fix typo in os.system() replacement. ........ r74023 | jesse.noller | 2009-07-16 10:23:04 -0400 (Thu, 16 Jul 2009) | 1 line Issue 6433: multiprocessing.pool.map hangs on empty list ........
2009-07-17 06:18:18 -03:00
sts = os.waitpid(p.pid, 0)[1]
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
Notes:
* Calling the program through the shell is usually not required.
* It's easier to look at the :attr:`returncode` attribute than the exit status.
A more realistic example would look like this::
try:
retcode = call("mycmd" + " myarg", shell=True)
if retcode < 0:
print("Child was terminated by signal", -retcode, file=sys.stderr)
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
else:
print("Child returned", retcode, file=sys.stderr)
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
except OSError as e:
print("Execution failed:", e, file=sys.stderr)
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
Merged revisions 73196,73278-73280,73299,73308,73312-73313,73317-73318,73321,73324,73331,73335,73340,73363 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r73196 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-03 20:40:29 -0500 (Wed, 03 Jun 2009) | 1 line use the offical api ........ r73278 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-07 17:33:11 -0500 (Sun, 07 Jun 2009) | 1 line inherit from object ........ r73279 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-07 17:35:00 -0500 (Sun, 07 Jun 2009) | 1 line always inherit from an appropiate base class ........ r73280 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-07 17:54:35 -0500 (Sun, 07 Jun 2009) | 1 line use booleans for flags ........ r73299 | georg.brandl | 2009-06-08 13:41:36 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 1 line Typo fix. ........ r73308 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-08 17:18:32 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 1 line remove useless assertion ........ r73312 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-08 18:44:13 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 1 line remove error checks already done in set_context() ........ r73313 | r.david.murray | 2009-06-08 19:44:22 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 4 lines Issue 2947: document how return code handling translates from os.popen to subprocess. Also fixes reference link in the os.spawn documentation. ........ r73317 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-09 12:24:26 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 1 line make ast.c depend on the grammar ........ r73318 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-09 12:29:51 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 1 line explain why keyword names are not just NAME ........ r73321 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-09 16:13:43 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 1 line update symbol.py from with statement changes ........ r73324 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2009-06-09 17:53:16 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 2 lines Avoid invoking the parser/compiler just to test the presence of a function. ........ r73331 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-10 08:45:31 -0500 (Wed, 10 Jun 2009) | 1 line fix spelling ........ r73335 | raymond.hettinger | 2009-06-10 11:15:40 -0500 (Wed, 10 Jun 2009) | 1 line Fix signed/unsigned compiler warning. ........ r73340 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2009-06-10 15:30:19 -0500 (Wed, 10 Jun 2009) | 2 lines Fix a typo spotted by Nick Coghlan. ........ r73363 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-11 12:51:17 -0500 (Thu, 11 Jun 2009) | 1 line use multi-with syntax ........
2009-06-11 19:54:11 -03:00
Replacing the :func:`os.spawn <os.spawnl>` family
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
P_NOWAIT example::
pid = os.spawnlp(os.P_NOWAIT, "/bin/mycmd", "mycmd", "myarg")
==>
pid = Popen(["/bin/mycmd", "myarg"]).pid
P_WAIT example::
retcode = os.spawnlp(os.P_WAIT, "/bin/mycmd", "mycmd", "myarg")
==>
retcode = call(["/bin/mycmd", "myarg"])
Vector example::
os.spawnvp(os.P_NOWAIT, path, args)
==>
Popen([path] + args[1:])
Environment example::
os.spawnlpe(os.P_NOWAIT, "/bin/mycmd", "mycmd", "myarg", env)
==>
Popen(["/bin/mycmd", "myarg"], env={"PATH": "/usr/bin"})
Merged revisions 73196,73278-73280,73299,73308,73312-73313,73317-73318,73321,73324,73331,73335,73340,73363 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r73196 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-03 20:40:29 -0500 (Wed, 03 Jun 2009) | 1 line use the offical api ........ r73278 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-07 17:33:11 -0500 (Sun, 07 Jun 2009) | 1 line inherit from object ........ r73279 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-07 17:35:00 -0500 (Sun, 07 Jun 2009) | 1 line always inherit from an appropiate base class ........ r73280 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-07 17:54:35 -0500 (Sun, 07 Jun 2009) | 1 line use booleans for flags ........ r73299 | georg.brandl | 2009-06-08 13:41:36 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 1 line Typo fix. ........ r73308 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-08 17:18:32 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 1 line remove useless assertion ........ r73312 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-08 18:44:13 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 1 line remove error checks already done in set_context() ........ r73313 | r.david.murray | 2009-06-08 19:44:22 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 4 lines Issue 2947: document how return code handling translates from os.popen to subprocess. Also fixes reference link in the os.spawn documentation. ........ r73317 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-09 12:24:26 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 1 line make ast.c depend on the grammar ........ r73318 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-09 12:29:51 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 1 line explain why keyword names are not just NAME ........ r73321 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-09 16:13:43 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 1 line update symbol.py from with statement changes ........ r73324 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2009-06-09 17:53:16 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 2 lines Avoid invoking the parser/compiler just to test the presence of a function. ........ r73331 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-10 08:45:31 -0500 (Wed, 10 Jun 2009) | 1 line fix spelling ........ r73335 | raymond.hettinger | 2009-06-10 11:15:40 -0500 (Wed, 10 Jun 2009) | 1 line Fix signed/unsigned compiler warning. ........ r73340 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2009-06-10 15:30:19 -0500 (Wed, 10 Jun 2009) | 2 lines Fix a typo spotted by Nick Coghlan. ........ r73363 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-11 12:51:17 -0500 (Thu, 11 Jun 2009) | 1 line use multi-with syntax ........
2009-06-11 19:54:11 -03:00
Replacing :func:`os.popen`, :func:`os.popen2`, :func:`os.popen3`
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
::
Merged revisions 73196,73278-73280,73299,73308,73312-73313,73317-73318,73321,73324,73331,73335,73340,73363 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r73196 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-03 20:40:29 -0500 (Wed, 03 Jun 2009) | 1 line use the offical api ........ r73278 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-07 17:33:11 -0500 (Sun, 07 Jun 2009) | 1 line inherit from object ........ r73279 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-07 17:35:00 -0500 (Sun, 07 Jun 2009) | 1 line always inherit from an appropiate base class ........ r73280 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-07 17:54:35 -0500 (Sun, 07 Jun 2009) | 1 line use booleans for flags ........ r73299 | georg.brandl | 2009-06-08 13:41:36 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 1 line Typo fix. ........ r73308 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-08 17:18:32 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 1 line remove useless assertion ........ r73312 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-08 18:44:13 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 1 line remove error checks already done in set_context() ........ r73313 | r.david.murray | 2009-06-08 19:44:22 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 4 lines Issue 2947: document how return code handling translates from os.popen to subprocess. Also fixes reference link in the os.spawn documentation. ........ r73317 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-09 12:24:26 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 1 line make ast.c depend on the grammar ........ r73318 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-09 12:29:51 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 1 line explain why keyword names are not just NAME ........ r73321 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-09 16:13:43 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 1 line update symbol.py from with statement changes ........ r73324 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2009-06-09 17:53:16 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 2 lines Avoid invoking the parser/compiler just to test the presence of a function. ........ r73331 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-10 08:45:31 -0500 (Wed, 10 Jun 2009) | 1 line fix spelling ........ r73335 | raymond.hettinger | 2009-06-10 11:15:40 -0500 (Wed, 10 Jun 2009) | 1 line Fix signed/unsigned compiler warning. ........ r73340 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2009-06-10 15:30:19 -0500 (Wed, 10 Jun 2009) | 2 lines Fix a typo spotted by Nick Coghlan. ........ r73363 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-11 12:51:17 -0500 (Thu, 11 Jun 2009) | 1 line use multi-with syntax ........
2009-06-11 19:54:11 -03:00
(child_stdin, child_stdout) = os.popen2(cmd, mode, bufsize)
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
==>
Merged revisions 73196,73278-73280,73299,73308,73312-73313,73317-73318,73321,73324,73331,73335,73340,73363 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r73196 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-03 20:40:29 -0500 (Wed, 03 Jun 2009) | 1 line use the offical api ........ r73278 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-07 17:33:11 -0500 (Sun, 07 Jun 2009) | 1 line inherit from object ........ r73279 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-07 17:35:00 -0500 (Sun, 07 Jun 2009) | 1 line always inherit from an appropiate base class ........ r73280 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-07 17:54:35 -0500 (Sun, 07 Jun 2009) | 1 line use booleans for flags ........ r73299 | georg.brandl | 2009-06-08 13:41:36 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 1 line Typo fix. ........ r73308 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-08 17:18:32 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 1 line remove useless assertion ........ r73312 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-08 18:44:13 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 1 line remove error checks already done in set_context() ........ r73313 | r.david.murray | 2009-06-08 19:44:22 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 4 lines Issue 2947: document how return code handling translates from os.popen to subprocess. Also fixes reference link in the os.spawn documentation. ........ r73317 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-09 12:24:26 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 1 line make ast.c depend on the grammar ........ r73318 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-09 12:29:51 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 1 line explain why keyword names are not just NAME ........ r73321 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-09 16:13:43 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 1 line update symbol.py from with statement changes ........ r73324 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2009-06-09 17:53:16 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 2 lines Avoid invoking the parser/compiler just to test the presence of a function. ........ r73331 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-10 08:45:31 -0500 (Wed, 10 Jun 2009) | 1 line fix spelling ........ r73335 | raymond.hettinger | 2009-06-10 11:15:40 -0500 (Wed, 10 Jun 2009) | 1 line Fix signed/unsigned compiler warning. ........ r73340 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2009-06-10 15:30:19 -0500 (Wed, 10 Jun 2009) | 2 lines Fix a typo spotted by Nick Coghlan. ........ r73363 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-11 12:51:17 -0500 (Thu, 11 Jun 2009) | 1 line use multi-with syntax ........
2009-06-11 19:54:11 -03:00
p = Popen(cmd, shell=True, bufsize=bufsize,
stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, close_fds=True)
(child_stdin, child_stdout) = (p.stdin, p.stdout)
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
::
Merged revisions 73196,73278-73280,73299,73308,73312-73313,73317-73318,73321,73324,73331,73335,73340,73363 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r73196 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-03 20:40:29 -0500 (Wed, 03 Jun 2009) | 1 line use the offical api ........ r73278 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-07 17:33:11 -0500 (Sun, 07 Jun 2009) | 1 line inherit from object ........ r73279 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-07 17:35:00 -0500 (Sun, 07 Jun 2009) | 1 line always inherit from an appropiate base class ........ r73280 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-07 17:54:35 -0500 (Sun, 07 Jun 2009) | 1 line use booleans for flags ........ r73299 | georg.brandl | 2009-06-08 13:41:36 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 1 line Typo fix. ........ r73308 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-08 17:18:32 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 1 line remove useless assertion ........ r73312 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-08 18:44:13 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 1 line remove error checks already done in set_context() ........ r73313 | r.david.murray | 2009-06-08 19:44:22 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 4 lines Issue 2947: document how return code handling translates from os.popen to subprocess. Also fixes reference link in the os.spawn documentation. ........ r73317 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-09 12:24:26 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 1 line make ast.c depend on the grammar ........ r73318 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-09 12:29:51 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 1 line explain why keyword names are not just NAME ........ r73321 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-09 16:13:43 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 1 line update symbol.py from with statement changes ........ r73324 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2009-06-09 17:53:16 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 2 lines Avoid invoking the parser/compiler just to test the presence of a function. ........ r73331 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-10 08:45:31 -0500 (Wed, 10 Jun 2009) | 1 line fix spelling ........ r73335 | raymond.hettinger | 2009-06-10 11:15:40 -0500 (Wed, 10 Jun 2009) | 1 line Fix signed/unsigned compiler warning. ........ r73340 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2009-06-10 15:30:19 -0500 (Wed, 10 Jun 2009) | 2 lines Fix a typo spotted by Nick Coghlan. ........ r73363 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-11 12:51:17 -0500 (Thu, 11 Jun 2009) | 1 line use multi-with syntax ........
2009-06-11 19:54:11 -03:00
(child_stdin,
child_stdout,
child_stderr) = os.popen3(cmd, mode, bufsize)
==>
p = Popen(cmd, shell=True, bufsize=bufsize,
stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE, close_fds=True)
(child_stdin,
child_stdout,
child_stderr) = (p.stdin, p.stdout, p.stderr)
::
(child_stdin, child_stdout_and_stderr) = os.popen4(cmd, mode, bufsize)
==>
p = Popen(cmd, shell=True, bufsize=bufsize,
stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=STDOUT, close_fds=True)
(child_stdin, child_stdout_and_stderr) = (p.stdin, p.stdout)
Return code handling translates as follows::
pipe = os.popen(cmd, 'w')
...
rc = pipe.close()
if rc != None and rc % 256:
print "There were some errors"
2007-08-15 11:28:22 -03:00
==>
Merged revisions 73196,73278-73280,73299,73308,73312-73313,73317-73318,73321,73324,73331,73335,73340,73363 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r73196 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-03 20:40:29 -0500 (Wed, 03 Jun 2009) | 1 line use the offical api ........ r73278 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-07 17:33:11 -0500 (Sun, 07 Jun 2009) | 1 line inherit from object ........ r73279 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-07 17:35:00 -0500 (Sun, 07 Jun 2009) | 1 line always inherit from an appropiate base class ........ r73280 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-07 17:54:35 -0500 (Sun, 07 Jun 2009) | 1 line use booleans for flags ........ r73299 | georg.brandl | 2009-06-08 13:41:36 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 1 line Typo fix. ........ r73308 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-08 17:18:32 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 1 line remove useless assertion ........ r73312 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-08 18:44:13 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 1 line remove error checks already done in set_context() ........ r73313 | r.david.murray | 2009-06-08 19:44:22 -0500 (Mon, 08 Jun 2009) | 4 lines Issue 2947: document how return code handling translates from os.popen to subprocess. Also fixes reference link in the os.spawn documentation. ........ r73317 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-09 12:24:26 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 1 line make ast.c depend on the grammar ........ r73318 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-09 12:29:51 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 1 line explain why keyword names are not just NAME ........ r73321 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-09 16:13:43 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 1 line update symbol.py from with statement changes ........ r73324 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2009-06-09 17:53:16 -0500 (Tue, 09 Jun 2009) | 2 lines Avoid invoking the parser/compiler just to test the presence of a function. ........ r73331 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-10 08:45:31 -0500 (Wed, 10 Jun 2009) | 1 line fix spelling ........ r73335 | raymond.hettinger | 2009-06-10 11:15:40 -0500 (Wed, 10 Jun 2009) | 1 line Fix signed/unsigned compiler warning. ........ r73340 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2009-06-10 15:30:19 -0500 (Wed, 10 Jun 2009) | 2 lines Fix a typo spotted by Nick Coghlan. ........ r73363 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-06-11 12:51:17 -0500 (Thu, 11 Jun 2009) | 1 line use multi-with syntax ........
2009-06-11 19:54:11 -03:00
process = Popen(cmd, 'w', stdin=PIPE)
...
process.stdin.close()
if process.wait() != 0:
print "There were some errors"
Replacing functions from the :mod:`popen2` module
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.. note::
If the cmd argument to popen2 functions is a string, the command is executed
through /bin/sh. If it is a list, the command is directly executed.
::
(child_stdout, child_stdin) = popen2.popen2("somestring", bufsize, mode)
==>
p = Popen(["somestring"], shell=True, bufsize=bufsize,
stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, close_fds=True)
(child_stdout, child_stdin) = (p.stdout, p.stdin)
::
(child_stdout, child_stdin) = popen2.popen2(["mycmd", "myarg"], bufsize, mode)
==>
p = Popen(["mycmd", "myarg"], bufsize=bufsize,
stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, close_fds=True)
(child_stdout, child_stdin) = (p.stdout, p.stdin)
:class:`popen2.Popen3` and :class:`popen2.Popen4` basically work as
:class:`subprocess.Popen`, except that:
* :class:`Popen` raises an exception if the execution fails.
* the *capturestderr* argument is replaced with the *stderr* argument.
* ``stdin=PIPE`` and ``stdout=PIPE`` must be specified.
* popen2 closes all file descriptors by default, but you have to specify
``close_fds=True`` with :class:`Popen`.