cpython/Lib/test/test_asyncio/test_subprocess.py

import os
import signal
import sys
import textwrap
import unittest
import warnings
from unittest import mock

import asyncio
from asyncio import base_subprocess
from asyncio import subprocess
from test.test_asyncio import utils as test_utils
from test import support
from test.support import os_helper


MS_WINDOWS = (sys.platform == 'win32')
if MS_WINDOWS:
    import msvcrt
else:
    from asyncio import unix_events


if support.check_sanitizer(address=True):
    raise unittest.SkipTest("Exposes ASAN flakiness in GitHub CI")

# Program blocking
PROGRAM_BLOCKED = [sys.executable, '-c', 'import time; time.sleep(3600)']

# Program copying input to output
PROGRAM_CAT = [
    sys.executable, '-c',
    ';'.join(('import sys',
              'data = sys.stdin.buffer.read()',
              'sys.stdout.buffer.write(data)'))]


def tearDownModule():
    asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(None)


class TestSubprocessTransport(base_subprocess.BaseSubprocessTransport):
    def _start(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self._proc = mock.Mock()
        self._proc.stdin = None
        self._proc.stdout = None
        self._proc.stderr = None
        self._proc.pid = -1


class SubprocessTransportTests(test_utils.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        super().setUp()
        self.loop = self.new_test_loop()
        self.set_event_loop(self.loop)

    def create_transport(self, waiter=None):
        protocol = mock.Mock()
        transport = TestSubprocessTransport(
                        self.loop, protocol, ['test'], False,
                        None, None, None, 0, waiter=waiter)
        return (transport, protocol)

    def test_proc_exited(self):
        waiter = self.loop.create_future()
        transport, protocol = self.create_transport(waiter)
        transport._process_exited(6)
        self.loop.run_until_complete(waiter)

        self.assertEqual(transport.get_returncode(), 6)

        self.assertTrue(protocol.connection_made.called)
        self.assertTrue(protocol.process_exited.called)
        self.assertTrue(protocol.connection_lost.called)
        self.assertEqual(protocol.connection_lost.call_args[0], (None,))

        self.assertFalse(transport.is_closing())
        self.assertIsNone(transport._loop)
        self.assertIsNone(transport._proc)
        self.assertIsNone(transport._protocol)

        # methods must raise ProcessLookupError if the process exited
        self.assertRaises(ProcessLookupError,
                          transport.send_signal, signal.SIGTERM)
        self.assertRaises(ProcessLookupError, transport.terminate)
        self.assertRaises(ProcessLookupError, transport.kill)

        transport.close()

    def test_subprocess_repr(self):
        waiter = self.loop.create_future()
        transport, protocol = self.create_transport(waiter)
        transport._process_exited(6)
        self.loop.run_until_complete(waiter)

        self.assertEqual(
            repr(transport),
            "<TestSubprocessTransport pid=-1 returncode=6>"
        )
        transport._returncode = None
        self.assertEqual(
            repr(transport),
            "<TestSubprocessTransport pid=-1 running>"
        )
        transport._pid = None
        transport._returncode = None
        self.assertEqual(
            repr(transport),
            "<TestSubprocessTransport not started>"
        )
        transport.close()


class SubprocessMixin:

    def test_stdin_stdout(self):
        args = PROGRAM_CAT

        async def run(data):
            proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
                *args,
                stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
            )

            # feed data
            proc.stdin.write(data)
            await proc.stdin.drain()
            proc.stdin.close()

            # get output and exitcode
            data = await proc.stdout.read()
            exitcode = await proc.wait()
            return (exitcode, data)

        task = run(b'some data')
        task = asyncio.wait_for(task, 60.0)
        exitcode, stdout = self.loop.run_until_complete(task)
        self.assertEqual(exitcode, 0)
        self.assertEqual(stdout, b'some data')

    def test_communicate(self):
        args = PROGRAM_CAT

        async def run(data):
            proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
                *args,
                stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
            )
            stdout, stderr = await proc.communicate(data)
            return proc.returncode, stdout

        task = run(b'some data')
        task = asyncio.wait_for(task, support.LONG_TIMEOUT)
        exitcode, stdout = self.loop.run_until_complete(task)
        self.assertEqual(exitcode, 0)
        self.assertEqual(stdout, b'some data')

    def test_communicate_none_input(self):
        args = PROGRAM_CAT

        async def run():
            proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
                *args,
                stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
            )
            stdout, stderr = await proc.communicate()
            return proc.returncode, stdout

        task = run()
        task = asyncio.wait_for(task, support.LONG_TIMEOUT)
        exitcode, stdout = self.loop.run_until_complete(task)
        self.assertEqual(exitcode, 0)
        self.assertEqual(stdout, b'')

    def test_shell(self):
        proc = self.loop.run_until_complete(
            asyncio.create_subprocess_shell('exit 7')
        )
        exitcode = self.loop.run_until_complete(proc.wait())
        self.assertEqual(exitcode, 7)

    def test_start_new_session(self):
        # start the new process in a new session
        proc = self.loop.run_until_complete(
            asyncio.create_subprocess_shell(
                'exit 8',
                start_new_session=True,
            )
        )
        exitcode = self.loop.run_until_complete(proc.wait())
        self.assertEqual(exitcode, 8)

    def test_kill(self):
        args = PROGRAM_BLOCKED
        proc = self.loop.run_until_complete(
            asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(*args)
        )
        proc.kill()
        returncode = self.loop.run_until_complete(proc.wait())
        if sys.platform == 'win32':
            self.assertIsInstance(returncode, int)
            # expect 1 but sometimes get 0
        else:
            self.assertEqual(-signal.SIGKILL, returncode)

    def test_kill_issue43884(self):
        if sys.platform == 'win32':
            blocking_shell_command = f'{sys.executable} -c "import time; time.sleep(2)"'
        else:
            blocking_shell_command = 'sleep 1; sleep 1'
        creationflags = 0
        if sys.platform == 'win32':
            from subprocess import CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP
            # On windows create a new process group so that killing process
            # kills the process and all its children.
            creationflags = CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP
        proc = self.loop.run_until_complete(
            asyncio.create_subprocess_shell(blocking_shell_command, stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
            creationflags=creationflags)
        )
        self.loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.sleep(1))
        if sys.platform == 'win32':
            proc.send_signal(signal.CTRL_BREAK_EVENT)
        # On windows it is an alias of terminate which sets the return code
        proc.kill()
        returncode = self.loop.run_until_complete(proc.wait())
        if sys.platform == 'win32':
            self.assertIsInstance(returncode, int)
            # expect 1 but sometimes get 0
        else:
            self.assertEqual(-signal.SIGKILL, returncode)

    def test_terminate(self):
        args = PROGRAM_BLOCKED
        proc = self.loop.run_until_complete(
            asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(*args)
        )
        proc.terminate()
        returncode = self.loop.run_until_complete(proc.wait())
        if sys.platform == 'win32':
            self.assertIsInstance(returncode, int)
            # expect 1 but sometimes get 0
        else:
            self.assertEqual(-signal.SIGTERM, returncode)

    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == 'win32', "Don't have SIGHUP")
    def test_send_signal(self):
        # bpo-31034: Make sure that we get the default signal handler (killing
        # the process). The parent process may have decided to ignore SIGHUP,
        # and signal handlers are inherited.
        old_handler = signal.signal(signal.SIGHUP, signal.SIG_DFL)
        try:
            code = 'import time; print("sleeping", flush=True); time.sleep(3600)'
            args = [sys.executable, '-c', code]
            proc = self.loop.run_until_complete(
                asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
                    *args,
                    stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                )
            )

            async def send_signal(proc):
                # basic synchronization to wait until the program is sleeping
                line = await proc.stdout.readline()
                self.assertEqual(line, b'sleeping\n')

                proc.send_signal(signal.SIGHUP)
                returncode = await proc.wait()
                return returncode

            returncode = self.loop.run_until_complete(send_signal(proc))
            self.assertEqual(-signal.SIGHUP, returncode)
        finally:
            signal.signal(signal.SIGHUP, old_handler)

    def test_stdin_broken_pipe(self):
        # buffer large enough to feed the whole pipe buffer
        large_data = b'x' * support.PIPE_MAX_SIZE

        rfd, wfd = os.pipe()
        self.addCleanup(os.close, rfd)
        self.addCleanup(os.close, wfd)
        if MS_WINDOWS:
            handle = msvcrt.get_osfhandle(rfd)
            os.set_handle_inheritable(handle, True)
            code = textwrap.dedent(f'''
                import os, msvcrt
                handle = {handle}
                fd = msvcrt.open_osfhandle(handle, os.O_RDONLY)
                os.read(fd, 1)
            ''')
            from subprocess import STARTUPINFO
            startupinfo = STARTUPINFO()
            startupinfo.lpAttributeList = {"handle_list": [handle]}
            kwargs = dict(startupinfo=startupinfo)
        else:
            code = f'import os; fd = {rfd}; os.read(fd, 1)'
            kwargs = dict(pass_fds=(rfd,))

        # the program ends before the stdin can be fed
        proc = self.loop.run_until_complete(
            asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
                sys.executable, '-c', code,
                stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                **kwargs
            )
        )

        async def write_stdin(proc, data):
            proc.stdin.write(data)
            # Only exit the child process once the write buffer is filled
            os.write(wfd, b'go')
            await proc.stdin.drain()

        coro = write_stdin(proc, large_data)
        # drain() must raise BrokenPipeError or ConnectionResetError
        with test_utils.disable_logger():
            self.assertRaises((BrokenPipeError, ConnectionResetError),
                              self.loop.run_until_complete, coro)
        self.loop.run_until_complete(proc.wait())

    def test_communicate_ignore_broken_pipe(self):
        # buffer large enough to feed the whole pipe buffer
        large_data = b'x' * support.PIPE_MAX_SIZE

        # the program ends before the stdin can be fed
        proc = self.loop.run_until_complete(
            asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
                sys.executable, '-c', 'pass',
                stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
            )
        )

        # communicate() must ignore BrokenPipeError when feeding stdin
        self.loop.set_exception_handler(lambda loop, msg: None)
        self.loop.run_until_complete(proc.communicate(large_data))
        self.loop.run_until_complete(proc.wait())

    def test_pause_reading(self):
        limit = 10
        size = (limit * 2 + 1)

        async def test_pause_reading():
            code = '\n'.join((
                'import sys',
                'sys.stdout.write("x" * %s)' % size,
                'sys.stdout.flush()',
            ))

            connect_read_pipe = self.loop.connect_read_pipe

            async def connect_read_pipe_mock(*args, **kw):
                transport, protocol = await connect_read_pipe(*args, **kw)
                transport.pause_reading = mock.Mock()
                transport.resume_reading = mock.Mock()
                return (transport, protocol)

            self.loop.connect_read_pipe = connect_read_pipe_mock

            proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
                sys.executable, '-c', code,
                stdin=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
                stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
                limit=limit,
            )
            stdout_transport = proc._transport.get_pipe_transport(1)

            stdout, stderr = await proc.communicate()

            # The child process produced more than limit bytes of output,
            # the stream reader transport should pause the protocol to not
            # allocate too much memory.
            return (stdout, stdout_transport)

        # Issue #22685: Ensure that the stream reader pauses the protocol
        # when the child process produces too much data
        stdout, transport = self.loop.run_until_complete(test_pause_reading())

        self.assertEqual(stdout, b'x' * size)
        self.assertTrue(transport.pause_reading.called)
        self.assertTrue(transport.resume_reading.called)

    def test_stdin_not_inheritable(self):
        # asyncio issue #209: stdin must not be inheritable, otherwise
        # the Process.communicate() hangs
        async def len_message(message):
            code = 'import sys; data = sys.stdin.read(); print(len(data))'
            proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
                sys.executable, '-c', code,
                stdin=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
                stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
                stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
                close_fds=False,
            )
            stdout, stderr = await proc.communicate(message)
            exitcode = await proc.wait()
            return (stdout, exitcode)

        output, exitcode = self.loop.run_until_complete(len_message(b'abc'))
        self.assertEqual(output.rstrip(), b'3')
        self.assertEqual(exitcode, 0)

    def test_empty_input(self):

        async def empty_input():
            code = 'import sys; data = sys.stdin.read(); print(len(data))'
            proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
                sys.executable, '-c', code,
                stdin=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
                stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
                stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
                close_fds=False,
            )
            stdout, stderr = await proc.communicate(b'')
            exitcode = await proc.wait()
            return (stdout, exitcode)

        output, exitcode = self.loop.run_until_complete(empty_input())
        self.assertEqual(output.rstrip(), b'0')
        self.assertEqual(exitcode, 0)

    def test_devnull_input(self):

        async def empty_input():
            code = 'import sys; data = sys.stdin.read(); print(len(data))'
            proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
                sys.executable, '-c', code,
                stdin=asyncio.subprocess.DEVNULL,
                stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
                stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
                close_fds=False,
            )
            stdout, stderr = await proc.communicate()
            exitcode = await proc.wait()
            return (stdout, exitcode)

        output, exitcode = self.loop.run_until_complete(empty_input())
        self.assertEqual(output.rstrip(), b'0')
        self.assertEqual(exitcode, 0)

    def test_devnull_output(self):

        async def empty_output():
            code = 'import sys; data = sys.stdin.read(); print(len(data))'
            proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
                sys.executable, '-c', code,
                stdin=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
                stdout=asyncio.subprocess.DEVNULL,
                stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
                close_fds=False,
            )
            stdout, stderr = await proc.communicate(b"abc")
            exitcode = await proc.wait()
            return (stdout, exitcode)

        output, exitcode = self.loop.run_until_complete(empty_output())
        self.assertEqual(output, None)
        self.assertEqual(exitcode, 0)

    def test_devnull_error(self):

        async def empty_error():
            code = 'import sys; data = sys.stdin.read(); print(len(data))'
            proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
                sys.executable, '-c', code,
                stdin=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
                stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
                stderr=asyncio.subprocess.DEVNULL,
                close_fds=False,
            )
            stdout, stderr = await proc.communicate(b"abc")
            exitcode = await proc.wait()
            return (stderr, exitcode)

        output, exitcode = self.loop.run_until_complete(empty_error())
        self.assertEqual(output, None)
        self.assertEqual(exitcode, 0)

    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform != 'linux', "Don't have /dev/stdin")
    def test_devstdin_input(self):

        async def devstdin_input(message):
            code = 'file = open("/dev/stdin"); data = file.read(); print(len(data))'
            proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
                sys.executable, '-c', code,
                stdin=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
                stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
                stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
                close_fds=False,
            )
            stdout, stderr = await proc.communicate(message)
            exitcode = await proc.wait()
            return (stdout, exitcode)

        output, exitcode = self.loop.run_until_complete(devstdin_input(b'abc'))
        self.assertEqual(output.rstrip(), b'3')
        self.assertEqual(exitcode, 0)

    def test_cancel_process_wait(self):
        # Issue #23140: cancel Process.wait()

        async def cancel_wait():
            proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(*PROGRAM_BLOCKED)

            # Create an internal future waiting on the process exit
            task = self.loop.create_task(proc.wait())
            self.loop.call_soon(task.cancel)
            try:
                await task
            except asyncio.CancelledError:
                pass

            # Cancel the future
            task.cancel()

            # Kill the process and wait until it is done
            proc.kill()
            await proc.wait()

        self.loop.run_until_complete(cancel_wait())

    def test_cancel_make_subprocess_transport_exec(self):

        async def cancel_make_transport():
            coro = asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(*PROGRAM_BLOCKED)
            task = self.loop.create_task(coro)

            self.loop.call_soon(task.cancel)
            try:
                await task
            except asyncio.CancelledError:
                pass

        # ignore the log:
        # "Exception during subprocess creation, kill the subprocess"
        with test_utils.disable_logger():
            self.loop.run_until_complete(cancel_make_transport())

    def test_cancel_post_init(self):

        async def cancel_make_transport():
            coro = self.loop.subprocess_exec(asyncio.SubprocessProtocol,
                                             *PROGRAM_BLOCKED)
            task = self.loop.create_task(coro)

            self.loop.call_soon(task.cancel)
            try:
                await task
            except asyncio.CancelledError:
                pass

        # ignore the log:
        # "Exception during subprocess creation, kill the subprocess"
        with test_utils.disable_logger():
            self.loop.run_until_complete(cancel_make_transport())
            test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)

    def test_close_kill_running(self):

        async def kill_running():
            create = self.loop.subprocess_exec(asyncio.SubprocessProtocol,
                                               *PROGRAM_BLOCKED)
            transport, protocol = await create

            kill_called = False
            def kill():
                nonlocal kill_called
                kill_called = True
                orig_kill()

            proc = transport.get_extra_info('subprocess')
            orig_kill = proc.kill
            proc.kill = kill
            returncode = transport.get_returncode()
            transport.close()
            await asyncio.wait_for(transport._wait(), 5)
            return (returncode, kill_called)

        # Ignore "Close running child process: kill ..." log
        with test_utils.disable_logger():
            try:
                returncode, killed = self.loop.run_until_complete(
                    kill_running()
                )
            except asyncio.TimeoutError:
                self.skipTest(
                    "Timeout failure on waiting for subprocess stopping"
                )
        self.assertIsNone(returncode)

        # transport.close() must kill the process if it is still running
        self.assertTrue(killed)
        test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)

    def test_close_dont_kill_finished(self):

        async def kill_running():
            create = self.loop.subprocess_exec(asyncio.SubprocessProtocol,
                                               *PROGRAM_BLOCKED)
            transport, protocol = await create
            proc = transport.get_extra_info('subprocess')

            # kill the process (but asyncio is not notified immediately)
            proc.kill()
            proc.wait()

            proc.kill = mock.Mock()
            proc_returncode = proc.poll()
            transport_returncode = transport.get_returncode()
            transport.close()
            return (proc_returncode, transport_returncode, proc.kill.called)

        # Ignore "Unknown child process pid ..." log of SafeChildWatcher,
        # emitted because the test already consumes the exit status:
        # proc.wait()
        with test_utils.disable_logger():
            result = self.loop.run_until_complete(kill_running())
            test_utils.run_briefly(self.loop)

        proc_returncode, transport_return_code, killed = result

        self.assertIsNotNone(proc_returncode)
        self.assertIsNone(transport_return_code)

        # transport.close() must not kill the process if it finished, even if
        # the transport was not notified yet
        self.assertFalse(killed)

        # Unlike SafeChildWatcher, FastChildWatcher does not pop the
        # callbacks if waitpid() is called elsewhere. Let's clear them
        # manually to avoid a warning when the watcher is detached.
        if (sys.platform != 'win32' and
                isinstance(self, SubprocessFastWatcherTests)):
            with warnings.catch_warnings():
                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
                asyncio.get_child_watcher()._callbacks.clear()

    async def _test_popen_error(self, stdin):
        if sys.platform == 'win32':
            target = 'asyncio.windows_utils.Popen'
        else:
            target = 'subprocess.Popen'
        with mock.patch(target) as popen:
            exc = ZeroDivisionError
            popen.side_effect = exc

            with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as warns:
                with self.assertRaises(exc):
                    await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
                        sys.executable,
                        '-c',
                        'pass',
                        stdin=stdin
                    )
                self.assertEqual(warns, [])

    def test_popen_error(self):
        # Issue #24763: check that the subprocess transport is closed
        # when BaseSubprocessTransport fails
        self.loop.run_until_complete(self._test_popen_error(stdin=None))

    def test_popen_error_with_stdin_pipe(self):
        # Issue #35721: check that newly created socket pair is closed when
        # Popen fails
        self.loop.run_until_complete(
            self._test_popen_error(stdin=subprocess.PIPE))

    def test_read_stdout_after_process_exit(self):

        async def execute():
            code = '\n'.join(['import sys',
                              'for _ in range(64):',
                              '    sys.stdout.write("x" * 4096)',
                              'sys.stdout.flush()',
                              'sys.exit(1)'])

            process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
                sys.executable, '-c', code,
                stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
            )

            while True:
                data = await process.stdout.read(65536)
                if data:
                    await asyncio.sleep(0.3)
                else:
                    break

        self.loop.run_until_complete(execute())

    def test_create_subprocess_exec_text_mode_fails(self):
        async def execute():
            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
                await subprocess.create_subprocess_exec(sys.executable,
                                                        text=True)

            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
                await subprocess.create_subprocess_exec(sys.executable,
                                                        encoding="utf-8")

            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
                await subprocess.create_subprocess_exec(sys.executable,
                                                        errors="strict")

        self.loop.run_until_complete(execute())

    def test_create_subprocess_shell_text_mode_fails(self):

        async def execute():
            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
                await subprocess.create_subprocess_shell(sys.executable,
                                                         text=True)

            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
                await subprocess.create_subprocess_shell(sys.executable,
                                                         encoding="utf-8")

            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
                await subprocess.create_subprocess_shell(sys.executable,
                                                         errors="strict")

        self.loop.run_until_complete(execute())

    def test_create_subprocess_exec_with_path(self):
        async def execute():
            p = await subprocess.create_subprocess_exec(
                os_helper.FakePath(sys.executable), '-c', 'pass')
            await p.wait()
            p = await subprocess.create_subprocess_exec(
                sys.executable, '-c', 'pass', os_helper.FakePath('.'))
            await p.wait()

        self.assertIsNone(self.loop.run_until_complete(execute()))

    async def check_stdout_output(self, coro, output):
        proc = await coro
        stdout, _ = await proc.communicate()
        self.assertEqual(stdout, output)
        self.assertEqual(proc.returncode, 0)
        task = asyncio.create_task(proc.wait())
        await asyncio.sleep(0)
        self.assertEqual(task.result(), proc.returncode)

    def test_create_subprocess_env_shell(self) -> None:
        async def main() -> None:
            cmd = f'''{sys.executable} -c "import os, sys; sys.stdout.write(os.getenv('FOO'))"'''
            env = os.environ.copy()
            env["FOO"] = "bar"
            proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_shell(
                cmd, env=env, stdout=subprocess.PIPE
            )
            return proc

        self.loop.run_until_complete(self.check_stdout_output(main(), b'bar'))

    def test_create_subprocess_env_exec(self) -> None:
        async def main() -> None:
            cmd = [sys.executable, "-c",
                   "import os, sys; sys.stdout.write(os.getenv('FOO'))"]
            env = os.environ.copy()
            env["FOO"] = "baz"
            proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
                *cmd, env=env, stdout=subprocess.PIPE
            )
            return proc

        self.loop.run_until_complete(self.check_stdout_output(main(), b'baz'))


    def test_subprocess_concurrent_wait(self) -> None:
        async def main() -> None:
            proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
                *PROGRAM_CAT,
                stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
            )
            stdout, _ = await proc.communicate(b'some data')
            self.assertEqual(stdout, b"some data")
            self.assertEqual(proc.returncode, 0)
            self.assertEqual(await asyncio.gather(*[proc.wait() for _ in range(10)]),
                             [proc.returncode] * 10)

        self.loop.run_until_complete(main())

    def test_subprocess_protocol_events(self):
        # gh-108973: Test that all subprocess protocol methods are called.
        # The protocol methods are not called in a determistic order.
        # The order depends on the event loop and the operating system.
        events = []
        fds = [1, 2]
        expected = [
            ('pipe_data_received', 1, b'stdout'),
            ('pipe_data_received', 2, b'stderr'),
            ('pipe_connection_lost', 1),
            ('pipe_connection_lost', 2),
            'process_exited',
        ]
        per_fd_expected = [
            'pipe_data_received',
            'pipe_connection_lost',
        ]

        class MyProtocol(asyncio.SubprocessProtocol):
            def __init__(self, exit_future: asyncio.Future) -> None:
                self.exit_future = exit_future

            def pipe_data_received(self, fd, data) -> None:
                events.append(('pipe_data_received', fd, data))
                self.exit_maybe()

            def pipe_connection_lost(self, fd, exc) -> None:
                events.append(('pipe_connection_lost', fd))
                self.exit_maybe()

            def process_exited(self) -> None:
                events.append('process_exited')
                self.exit_maybe()

            def exit_maybe(self):
                # Only exit when we got all expected events
                if len(events) >= len(expected):
                    self.exit_future.set_result(True)

        async def main() -> None:
            loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
            exit_future = asyncio.Future()
            code = 'import sys; sys.stdout.write("stdout"); sys.stderr.write("stderr")'
            transport, _ = await loop.subprocess_exec(lambda: MyProtocol(exit_future),
                                                      sys.executable, '-c', code, stdin=None)
            await exit_future
            transport.close()

            return events

        events = self.loop.run_until_complete(main())

        # First, make sure that we received all events
        self.assertSetEqual(set(events), set(expected))

        # Second, check order of pipe events per file descriptor
        per_fd_events = {fd: [] for fd in fds}
        for event in events:
            if event == 'process_exited':
                continue
            name, fd = event[:2]
            per_fd_events[fd].append(name)

        for fd in fds:
            self.assertEqual(per_fd_events[fd], per_fd_expected, (fd, events))

    def test_subprocess_communicate_stdout(self):
        # See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/100133
        async def get_command_stdout(cmd, *args):
            proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
                cmd, *args, stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
            )
            stdout, _ = await proc.communicate()
            return stdout.decode().strip()

        async def main():
            outputs = [f'foo{i}' for i in range(10)]
            res = await asyncio.gather(*[get_command_stdout(sys.executable, '-c',
                                        f'print({out!r})') for out in outputs])
            self.assertEqual(res, outputs)

        self.loop.run_until_complete(main())


if sys.platform != 'win32':
    # Unix
    class SubprocessWatcherMixin(SubprocessMixin):

        Watcher = None

        def setUp(self):
            super().setUp()
            policy = asyncio.get_event_loop_policy()
            self.loop = policy.new_event_loop()
            self.set_event_loop(self.loop)

            watcher = self._get_watcher()
            watcher.attach_loop(self.loop)
            with warnings.catch_warnings():
                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
                policy.set_child_watcher(watcher)

        def tearDown(self):
            super().tearDown()
            policy = asyncio.get_event_loop_policy()
            with warnings.catch_warnings():
                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
                watcher = policy.get_child_watcher()
                policy.set_child_watcher(None)
            watcher.attach_loop(None)
            watcher.close()

    class SubprocessThreadedWatcherTests(SubprocessWatcherMixin,
                                         test_utils.TestCase):

        def _get_watcher(self):
            return unix_events.ThreadedChildWatcher()

    class SubprocessSafeWatcherTests(SubprocessWatcherMixin,
                                     test_utils.TestCase):

        def _get_watcher(self):
            with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
                return unix_events.SafeChildWatcher()

    class MultiLoopChildWatcherTests(test_utils.TestCase):

        def test_warns(self):
            with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
                unix_events.MultiLoopChildWatcher()

    class SubprocessFastWatcherTests(SubprocessWatcherMixin,
                                     test_utils.TestCase):

        def _get_watcher(self):
            with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
                return unix_events.FastChildWatcher()

    @unittest.skipUnless(
        unix_events.can_use_pidfd(),
        "operating system does not support pidfds",
    )
    class SubprocessPidfdWatcherTests(SubprocessWatcherMixin,
                                      test_utils.TestCase):

        def _get_watcher(self):
            return unix_events.PidfdChildWatcher()


    class GenericWatcherTests(test_utils.TestCase):

        def test_create_subprocess_fails_with_inactive_watcher(self):
            watcher = mock.create_autospec(asyncio.AbstractChildWatcher)
            watcher.is_active.return_value = False

            async def execute():
                asyncio.set_child_watcher(watcher)

                with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
                    await subprocess.create_subprocess_exec(
                        os_helper.FakePath(sys.executable), '-c', 'pass')

                watcher.add_child_handler.assert_not_called()

            with asyncio.Runner(loop_factory=asyncio.new_event_loop) as runner:
                with warnings.catch_warnings():
                    warnings.simplefilter('ignore', DeprecationWarning)
                    self.assertIsNone(runner.run(execute()))
            self.assertListEqual(watcher.mock_calls, [
                mock.call.__enter__(),
                mock.call.is_active(),
                mock.call.__exit__(RuntimeError, mock.ANY, mock.ANY),
            ], watcher.mock_calls)


        @unittest.skipUnless(
            unix_events.can_use_pidfd(),
            "operating system does not support pidfds",
        )
        def test_create_subprocess_with_pidfd(self):
            async def in_thread():
                proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
                    *PROGRAM_CAT,
                    stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                    stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                )
                stdout, stderr = await proc.communicate(b"some data")
                return proc.returncode, stdout

            async def main():
                # asyncio.Runner did not call asyncio.set_event_loop()
                with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
                    asyncio.get_event_loop_policy().get_event_loop()
                return await asyncio.to_thread(asyncio.run, in_thread())
            with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
                asyncio.set_child_watcher(asyncio.PidfdChildWatcher())
            try:
                with asyncio.Runner(loop_factory=asyncio.new_event_loop) as runner:
                    returncode, stdout = runner.run(main())
                self.assertEqual(returncode, 0)
                self.assertEqual(stdout, b'some data')
            finally:
                with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
                    asyncio.set_child_watcher(None)
else:
    # Windows
    class SubprocessProactorTests(SubprocessMixin, test_utils.TestCase):

        def setUp(self):
            super().setUp()
            self.loop = asyncio.ProactorEventLoop()
            self.set_event_loop(self.loop)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()