cpython/Lib/copy.py

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"""Generic (shallow and deep) copying operations.
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Interface summary:
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import copy
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x = copy.copy(y) # make a shallow copy of y
x = copy.deepcopy(y) # make a deep copy of y
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For module specific errors, copy.Error is raised.
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The difference between shallow and deep copying is only relevant for
compound objects (objects that contain other objects, like lists or
class instances).
- A shallow copy constructs a new compound object and then (to the
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extent possible) inserts *the same objects* into it that the
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original contains.
- A deep copy constructs a new compound object and then, recursively,
inserts *copies* into it of the objects found in the original.
Two problems often exist with deep copy operations that don't exist
with shallow copy operations:
a) recursive objects (compound objects that, directly or indirectly,
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contain a reference to themselves) may cause a recursive loop
b) because deep copy copies *everything* it may copy too much, e.g.
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administrative data structures that should be shared even between
copies
Python's deep copy operation avoids these problems by:
a) keeping a table of objects already copied during the current
copying pass
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b) letting user-defined classes override the copying operation or the
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set of components copied
This version does not copy types like module, class, function, method,
nor stack trace, stack frame, nor file, socket, window, nor array, nor
any similar types.
Classes can use the same interfaces to control copying that they use
to control pickling: they can define methods called __getinitargs__(),
__getstate__() and __setstate__(). See the documentation for module
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"pickle" for information on these methods.
"""
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import types
import weakref
from copyreg import dispatch_table
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class Error(Exception):
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pass
error = Error # backward compatibility
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try:
from org.python.core import PyStringMap
except ImportError:
PyStringMap = None
__all__ = ["Error", "copy", "deepcopy"]
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def copy(x):
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"""Shallow copy operation on arbitrary Python objects.
See the module's __doc__ string for more info.
"""
cls = type(x)
copier = _copy_dispatch.get(cls)
if copier:
return copier(x)
try:
issc = issubclass(cls, type)
except TypeError: # cls is not a class
issc = False
if issc:
# treat it as a regular class:
return _copy_immutable(x)
copier = getattr(cls, "__copy__", None)
if copier:
return copier(x)
reductor = dispatch_table.get(cls)
if reductor:
rv = reductor(x)
else:
reductor = getattr(x, "__reduce_ex__", None)
if reductor:
rv = reductor(4)
else:
reductor = getattr(x, "__reduce__", None)
if reductor:
rv = reductor()
else:
raise Error("un(shallow)copyable object of type %s" % cls)
if isinstance(rv, str):
return x
return _reconstruct(x, None, *rv)
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_copy_dispatch = d = {}
def _copy_immutable(x):
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return x
for t in (type(None), int, float, bool, complex, str, tuple,
bytes, frozenset, type, range, slice,
types.BuiltinFunctionType, type(Ellipsis), type(NotImplemented),
types.FunctionType, weakref.ref):
d[t] = _copy_immutable
t = getattr(types, "CodeType", None)
if t is not None:
d[t] = _copy_immutable
d[list] = list.copy
d[dict] = dict.copy
d[set] = set.copy
d[bytearray] = bytearray.copy
if PyStringMap is not None:
d[PyStringMap] = PyStringMap.copy
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del d, t
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def deepcopy(x, memo=None, _nil=[]):
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"""Deep copy operation on arbitrary Python objects.
See the module's __doc__ string for more info.
"""
if memo is None:
memo = {}
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d = id(x)
y = memo.get(d, _nil)
if y is not _nil:
return y
cls = type(x)
copier = _deepcopy_dispatch.get(cls)
if copier:
y = copier(x, memo)
else:
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try:
issc = issubclass(cls, type)
except TypeError: # cls is not a class (old Boost; see SF #502085)
issc = 0
if issc:
y = _deepcopy_atomic(x, memo)
else:
copier = getattr(x, "__deepcopy__", None)
if copier:
y = copier(memo)
else:
reductor = dispatch_table.get(cls)
if reductor:
rv = reductor(x)
else:
reductor = getattr(x, "__reduce_ex__", None)
if reductor:
rv = reductor(4)
else:
reductor = getattr(x, "__reduce__", None)
if reductor:
rv = reductor()
else:
raise Error(
"un(deep)copyable object of type %s" % cls)
if isinstance(rv, str):
y = x
else:
y = _reconstruct(x, memo, *rv)
# If is its own copy, don't memoize.
if y is not x:
memo[d] = y
_keep_alive(x, memo) # Make sure x lives at least as long as d
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return y
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_deepcopy_dispatch = d = {}
def _deepcopy_atomic(x, memo):
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return x
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d[type(None)] = _deepcopy_atomic
Merged revisions 61834,61841-61842,61851-61853,61863-61864,61869-61870,61874,61889 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r61834 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-24 07:07:49 +0100 (Mon, 24 Mar 2008) | 1 line Tighten documentation for Random.triangular. ........ r61841 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-03-24 09:17:39 +0100 (Mon, 24 Mar 2008) | 1 line Issue 2460: Make Ellipsis objects copyable. ........ r61842 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-24 10:34:34 +0100 (Mon, 24 Mar 2008) | 2 lines #1700821: add a note to audioop docs about signedness of sample formats. ........ r61851 | christian.heimes | 2008-03-24 20:57:42 +0100 (Mon, 24 Mar 2008) | 1 line Added quick hack for bzr ........ r61852 | christian.heimes | 2008-03-24 20:58:17 +0100 (Mon, 24 Mar 2008) | 1 line Added quick hack for bzr ........ r61853 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2008-03-24 22:04:10 +0100 (Mon, 24 Mar 2008) | 4 lines Issue2469: Correct a typo I introduced at r61793: compilation error with UCS4 builds. All buildbots compile with UCS2... ........ r61863 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-25 05:17:38 +0100 (Tue, 25 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Fix a bunch of UnboundLocalErrors when the tests fail. ........ r61864 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-25 05:18:18 +0100 (Tue, 25 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Try to fix a bunch of compiler warnings on Win64. ........ r61869 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-25 07:35:10 +0100 (Tue, 25 Mar 2008) | 3 lines Don't try to close a non-open file. Don't let file removal cause the test to fail. ........ r61870 | neal.norwitz | 2008-03-25 08:00:39 +0100 (Tue, 25 Mar 2008) | 7 lines Try to get this test to be more stable: * disable gc during the test run because we are spawning objects and there was an exception when calling Popen.__del__ * Always set an alarm handler so the process doesn't exit if the test fails (should probably add assertions on the value of hndl_called in more places) * Using a negative time causes Linux to treat it as zero, so disable that test. ........ r61874 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-03-25 08:31:28 +0100 (Tue, 25 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Use a 32-bit unsigned int here, a long is not needed. ........ r61889 | georg.brandl | 2008-03-25 12:59:51 +0100 (Tue, 25 Mar 2008) | 2 lines Move declarations to block start. ........
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d[type(Ellipsis)] = _deepcopy_atomic
d[type(NotImplemented)] = _deepcopy_atomic
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d[int] = _deepcopy_atomic
d[float] = _deepcopy_atomic
d[bool] = _deepcopy_atomic
d[complex] = _deepcopy_atomic
d[bytes] = _deepcopy_atomic
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d[str] = _deepcopy_atomic
try:
d[types.CodeType] = _deepcopy_atomic
except AttributeError:
pass
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d[type] = _deepcopy_atomic
d[types.BuiltinFunctionType] = _deepcopy_atomic
d[types.FunctionType] = _deepcopy_atomic
d[weakref.ref] = _deepcopy_atomic
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def _deepcopy_list(x, memo, deepcopy=deepcopy):
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y = []
memo[id(x)] = y
append = y.append
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for a in x:
append(deepcopy(a, memo))
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return y
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d[list] = _deepcopy_list
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def _deepcopy_tuple(x, memo, deepcopy=deepcopy):
y = [deepcopy(a, memo) for a in x]
# We're not going to put the tuple in the memo, but it's still important we
# check for it, in case the tuple contains recursive mutable structures.
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try:
return memo[id(x)]
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except KeyError:
pass
for k, j in zip(x, y):
if k is not j:
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y = tuple(y)
break
else:
y = x
return y
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d[tuple] = _deepcopy_tuple
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def _deepcopy_dict(x, memo, deepcopy=deepcopy):
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y = {}
memo[id(x)] = y
for key, value in x.items():
y[deepcopy(key, memo)] = deepcopy(value, memo)
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return y
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d[dict] = _deepcopy_dict
if PyStringMap is not None:
d[PyStringMap] = _deepcopy_dict
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def _deepcopy_method(x, memo): # Copy instance methods
return type(x)(x.__func__, deepcopy(x.__self__, memo))
d[types.MethodType] = _deepcopy_method
del d
def _keep_alive(x, memo):
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"""Keeps a reference to the object x in the memo.
Because we remember objects by their id, we have
to assure that possibly temporary objects are kept
alive by referencing them.
We store a reference at the id of the memo, which should
normally not be used unless someone tries to deepcopy
the memo itself...
"""
try:
memo[id(memo)].append(x)
except KeyError:
# aha, this is the first one :-)
memo[id(memo)]=[x]
def _reconstruct(x, memo, func, args,
state=None, listiter=None, dictiter=None,
deepcopy=deepcopy):
deep = memo is not None
if deep and args:
args = (deepcopy(arg, memo) for arg in args)
y = func(*args)
if deep:
memo[id(x)] = y
if state is not None:
if deep:
state = deepcopy(state, memo)
if hasattr(y, '__setstate__'):
y.__setstate__(state)
else:
if isinstance(state, tuple) and len(state) == 2:
state, slotstate = state
else:
slotstate = None
if state is not None:
y.__dict__.update(state)
if slotstate is not None:
for key, value in slotstate.items():
setattr(y, key, value)
if listiter is not None:
if deep:
for item in listiter:
item = deepcopy(item, memo)
y.append(item)
else:
for item in listiter:
y.append(item)
if dictiter is not None:
if deep:
for key, value in dictiter:
key = deepcopy(key, memo)
value = deepcopy(value, memo)
y[key] = value
else:
for key, value in dictiter:
y[key] = value
return y
del types, weakref, PyStringMap