mirror of https://github.com/ArduPilot/ardupilot
553 lines
16 KiB
C++
553 lines
16 KiB
C++
/*
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This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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*/
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/**
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The strategy for roll/pitch autotune is to give the user a AUTOTUNE
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flight mode which behaves just like FBWA, but does automatic
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tuning.
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While the user is flying in AUTOTUNE the gains are saved every 10
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seconds, but the saved gains are not the current gains, instead it
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saves the gains from 10s ago. When the user exits AUTOTUNE the
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gains are restored from 10s ago.
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This allows the user to fly as much as they want in AUTOTUNE mode,
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and if they are ever unhappy they just exit the mode. If they stay
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in AUTOTUNE for more than 10s then their gains will have changed.
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Using this approach users don't need any special switches, they
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just need to be able to enter and exit AUTOTUNE mode
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*/
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#include "AP_AutoTune.h"
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#include <AP_Common/AP_Common.h>
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#include <AP_HAL/AP_HAL.h>
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#include <AP_Logger/AP_Logger.h>
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#include <AP_Math/AP_Math.h>
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extern const AP_HAL::HAL& hal;
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// time in milliseconds between autotune saves
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#define AUTOTUNE_SAVE_PERIOD 10000U
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// step size for increasing gains, percentage
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#define AUTOTUNE_INCREASE_FF_STEP 12
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#define AUTOTUNE_INCREASE_PD_STEP 10
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// step size for decreasing gains, percentage
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#define AUTOTUNE_DECREASE_FF_STEP 15
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#define AUTOTUNE_DECREASE_PD_STEP 20
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// limits on IMAX
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#define AUTOTUNE_MIN_IMAX 0.4
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#define AUTOTUNE_MAX_IMAX 0.9
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// ratio of I to P
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#define AUTOTUNE_I_RATIO 0.75
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// time constant of rate trim loop
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#define TRIM_TCONST 1.0f
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// overshoot threshold
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#define AUTOTUNE_OVERSHOOT 1.1
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// constructor
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AP_AutoTune::AP_AutoTune(ATGains &_gains, ATType _type,
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const AP_Vehicle::FixedWing &parms,
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AC_PID &_rpid) :
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current(_gains),
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rpid(_rpid),
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type(_type),
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aparm(parms),
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ff_filter(2)
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{}
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#if CONFIG_HAL_BOARD == HAL_BOARD_SITL
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#include <stdio.h>
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# define Debug(fmt, args ...) do {::printf("%s:%d: " fmt "\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ## args); } while(0)
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#else
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# define Debug(fmt, args ...)
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#endif
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/*
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auto-tuning table. This table gives the starting values for key
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tuning parameters based on a user chosen AUTOTUNE_LEVEL parameter
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from 1 to 10. Level 1 is a very soft tune. Level 10 is a very
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aggressive tune.
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Level 0 means use the existing RMAX and TCONST parameters
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*/
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static const struct {
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float tau;
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float rmax;
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} tuning_table[] = {
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{ 1.00, 20 }, // level 1
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{ 0.90, 30 }, // level 2
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{ 0.80, 40 }, // level 3
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{ 0.70, 50 }, // level 4
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{ 0.60, 60 }, // level 5
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{ 0.50, 75 }, // level 6
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{ 0.30, 90 }, // level 7
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{ 0.2, 120 }, // level 8
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{ 0.15, 160 }, // level 9
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{ 0.1, 210 }, // level 10
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{ 0.1, 300 }, // (yes, it goes to 11)
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};
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/*
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start an autotune session
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*/
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void AP_AutoTune::start(void)
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{
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running = true;
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state = ATState::IDLE;
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uint32_t now = AP_HAL::millis();
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last_save_ms = now;
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current = restore = last_save = get_gains(current);
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// do first update of rmax and tau now
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update_rmax();
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rpid.kIMAX().set(constrain_float(rpid.kIMAX(), AUTOTUNE_MIN_IMAX, AUTOTUNE_MAX_IMAX));
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next_save = current;
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// use 0.75Hz filters on the actuator, rate and target to reduce impact of noise
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actuator_filter.set_cutoff_frequency(AP::scheduler().get_loop_rate_hz(), 0.75);
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rate_filter.set_cutoff_frequency(AP::scheduler().get_loop_rate_hz(), 0.75);
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// target filter is a bit broader
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target_filter.set_cutoff_frequency(AP::scheduler().get_loop_rate_hz(), 4);
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ff_filter.reset();
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actuator_filter.reset();
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rate_filter.reset();
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if (!is_positive(rpid.slew_limit())) {
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// we must have a slew limit, default to 150 deg/s
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rpid.slew_limit().set_and_save(150);
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}
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if (current.FF < 0.01) {
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// don't allow for zero FF
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current.FF = 0.01;
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rpid.ff().set(current.FF);
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}
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Debug("START FF -> %.3f\n", rpid.ff().get());
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}
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/*
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called when we change state to see if we should change gains
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*/
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void AP_AutoTune::stop(void)
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{
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if (running) {
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running = false;
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save_gains(restore);
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current = restore;
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}
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}
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/*
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one update cycle of the autotuner
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*/
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void AP_AutoTune::update(AP_Logger::PID_Info &pinfo, float scaler, float angle_err_deg)
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{
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if (!running) {
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return;
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}
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check_save();
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// see what state we are in
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ATState new_state = state;
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const float desired_rate = target_filter.apply(pinfo.target);
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// filter actuator without I term so we can take ratios without
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// accounting for trim offsets. We first need to include the I and
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// clip to 45 degrees to get the right value of the real surface
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const float clipped_actuator = constrain_float(pinfo.FF + pinfo.P + pinfo.D + pinfo.I, -45, 45) - pinfo.I;
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const float actuator = actuator_filter.apply(clipped_actuator);
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const float actual_rate = rate_filter.apply(pinfo.actual);
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max_actuator = MAX(max_actuator, actuator);
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min_actuator = MIN(min_actuator, actuator);
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max_rate = MAX(max_rate, actual_rate);
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min_rate = MIN(min_rate, actual_rate);
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max_target = MAX(max_target, desired_rate);
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min_target = MIN(min_target, desired_rate);
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max_P = MAX(max_P, fabsf(pinfo.P));
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max_D = MAX(max_D, fabsf(pinfo.D));
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min_Dmod = MIN(min_Dmod, pinfo.Dmod);
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max_Dmod = MAX(max_Dmod, pinfo.Dmod);
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max_SRate = MAX(max_SRate, pinfo.slew_rate);
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float att_limit_deg;
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if (type == AUTOTUNE_ROLL) {
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att_limit_deg = aparm.roll_limit_cd * 0.01;
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} else {
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att_limit_deg = MIN(abs(aparm.pitch_limit_max_cd),abs(aparm.pitch_limit_min_cd))*0.01;
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}
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// thresholds for when we consider an event to start and end
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const float rate_threshold1 = 0.6 * MIN(att_limit_deg / current.tau.get(), current.rmax_pos);
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const float rate_threshold2 = 0.25 * rate_threshold1;
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bool in_att_demand = fabsf(angle_err_deg) >= 0.3 * att_limit_deg;
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switch (state) {
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case ATState::IDLE:
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if (desired_rate > rate_threshold1 && in_att_demand) {
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new_state = ATState::DEMAND_POS;
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} else if (desired_rate < -rate_threshold1 && in_att_demand) {
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new_state = ATState::DEMAND_NEG;
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}
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break;
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case ATState::DEMAND_POS:
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if (desired_rate < rate_threshold2) {
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new_state = ATState::IDLE;
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}
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break;
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case ATState::DEMAND_NEG:
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if (desired_rate > -rate_threshold2) {
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new_state = ATState::IDLE;
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}
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break;
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}
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const uint32_t now = AP_HAL::millis();
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if (now - last_log_ms >= 40) {
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// log at 25Hz
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struct log_ATRP pkt = {
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LOG_PACKET_HEADER_INIT(LOG_ATRP_MSG),
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time_us : AP_HAL::micros64(),
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type : uint8_t(type),
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state: uint8_t(new_state),
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actuator : actuator,
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desired_rate : desired_rate,
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actual_rate : actual_rate,
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FF_single: FF_single,
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FF: current.FF,
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P: current.P,
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I: current.I,
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D: current.D,
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action: uint8_t(action),
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rmax: float(current.rmax_pos.get()),
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tau: current.tau.get()
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};
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AP::logger().WriteBlock(&pkt, sizeof(pkt));
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last_log_ms = now;
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}
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if (new_state == state) {
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if (state == ATState::IDLE &&
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now - state_enter_ms > 500 &&
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max_Dmod < 0.9) {
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// we've been oscillating while idle, reduce P or D
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const float gain_mul = (100 - AUTOTUNE_DECREASE_PD_STEP)*0.01;
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if (max_P < max_D) {
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current.D *= gain_mul;
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} else {
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current.P *= gain_mul;
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}
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rpid.kP().set(current.P);
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rpid.kD().set(current.D);
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action = Action::IDLE_LOWER_PD;
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state_change(state);
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}
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return;
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}
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if (new_state != ATState::IDLE) {
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// starting an event
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min_actuator = max_actuator = min_rate = max_rate = 0;
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state_enter_ms = now;
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state = new_state;
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return;
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}
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if ((state == ATState::DEMAND_POS && max_rate < 0.01 * current.rmax_pos) ||
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(state == ATState::DEMAND_NEG && min_rate > -0.01 * current.rmax_neg)) {
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// we didn't get enough rate
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action = Action::LOW_RATE;
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state_change(ATState::IDLE);
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return;
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}
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if (now - state_enter_ms < 100) {
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// not long enough sample
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action = Action::SHORT;
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state_change(ATState::IDLE);
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return;
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}
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// we've finished an event. calculate the single-event FF value
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if (state == ATState::DEMAND_POS) {
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FF_single = max_actuator / (max_rate * scaler);
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} else {
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FF_single = min_actuator / (min_rate * scaler);
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}
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// apply median filter
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float FF = ff_filter.apply(FF_single);
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const float old_FF = rpid.ff();
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// limit size of change in FF
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FF = constrain_float(FF,
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old_FF*(1-AUTOTUNE_DECREASE_FF_STEP*0.01),
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old_FF*(1+AUTOTUNE_INCREASE_FF_STEP*0.01));
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// did the P or D components go over 30% of total actuator?
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const float abs_actuator = MAX(max_actuator, fabsf(min_actuator));
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const float PD_high = 0.3 * abs_actuator;
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bool PD_significant = (max_P > PD_high || max_D > PD_high);
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// see if we overshot
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const float dem_ratio = (state == ATState::DEMAND_POS)?
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constrain_float(max_rate / max_target, 0.1, 2):
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constrain_float(min_rate / min_target, 0.1, 2);
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bool overshot = dem_ratio > AUTOTUNE_OVERSHOOT;
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// adjust P and D
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float D = rpid.kD();
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float P = rpid.kP();
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D = MAX(D, 0.0005);
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P = MAX(P, 0.01);
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// if the slew limiter kicked in or
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if (min_Dmod < 1.0 || (overshot && PD_significant)) {
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// we apply a gain reduction in proportion to the overshoot and dmod
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const float gain_mul = (100 - AUTOTUNE_DECREASE_PD_STEP)*0.01;
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const float dmod_mul = linear_interpolate(gain_mul, 1,
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min_Dmod,
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0.6, 1.0);
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const float overshoot_mul = linear_interpolate(1, gain_mul,
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dem_ratio,
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AUTOTUNE_OVERSHOOT, 1.3 * AUTOTUNE_OVERSHOOT);
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// we're overshooting or oscillating, decrease gains. We
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// assume the gain that needs to be reduced is the one that
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// peaked at a higher value
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if (max_P < max_D) {
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D *= dmod_mul * overshoot_mul;
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} else {
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P *= dmod_mul * overshoot_mul;
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}
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action = Action::LOWER_PD;
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} else {
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/* not oscillating or overshooting, increase the gains
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The increase is based on how far we are below the slew
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limit. At 80% of the limit we stop increasing gains, to
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give some margin. Below 25% of the limit we apply max
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increase
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*/
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const float slew_limit = rpid.slew_limit();
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const float gain_mul = (100+AUTOTUNE_INCREASE_PD_STEP)*0.01;
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const float PD_mul = linear_interpolate(gain_mul, 1,
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max_SRate,
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0.2*slew_limit, 0.6*slew_limit);
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P *= PD_mul;
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D *= PD_mul;
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action = Action::RAISE_PD;
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}
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rpid.ff().set(FF);
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rpid.kP().set(P);
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rpid.kD().set(D);
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rpid.kI().set(MAX(P*AUTOTUNE_I_RATIO, (FF / TRIM_TCONST)));
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current.FF = FF;
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current.P = P;
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current.I = rpid.kI().get();
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current.D = D;
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Debug("FPID=(%.3f, %.3f, %.3f, %.3f)\n",
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rpid.ff().get(),
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rpid.kP().get(),
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rpid.kI().get(),
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rpid.kD().get());
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// move rmax and tau towards target
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update_rmax();
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state_change(new_state);
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}
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/*
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record a state change
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*/
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void AP_AutoTune::state_change(ATState new_state)
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{
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min_Dmod = 1;
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max_Dmod = 0;
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max_SRate = 0;
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max_P = max_D = 0;
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state = new_state;
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state_enter_ms = AP_HAL::millis();
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}
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/*
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see if we should save new values
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*/
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void AP_AutoTune::check_save(void)
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{
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if (AP_HAL::millis() - last_save_ms < AUTOTUNE_SAVE_PERIOD) {
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return;
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}
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// save the next_save values, which are the autotune value from
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// the last save period. This means the pilot has
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// AUTOTUNE_SAVE_PERIOD milliseconds to decide they don't like the
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// gains and switch out of autotune
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ATGains tmp = get_gains(current);
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save_gains(next_save);
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last_save = next_save;
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// restore our current gains
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set_gains(tmp);
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// if the pilot exits autotune they get these saved values
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restore = next_save;
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// the next values to save will be the ones we are flying now
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next_save = tmp;
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last_save_ms = AP_HAL::millis();
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}
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/*
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set a float and save a float if it has changed by more than
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0.1%. This reduces the number of insignificant EEPROM writes
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*/
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void AP_AutoTune::save_float_if_changed(AP_Float &v, float value)
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{
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float old_value = v.get();
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v.set(value);
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if (value <= 0 || fabsf((value-old_value)/value) > 0.001f) {
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v.save();
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}
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}
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/*
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set a int16 and save if changed
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*/
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void AP_AutoTune::save_int16_if_changed(AP_Int16 &v, int16_t value)
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{
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int16_t old_value = v.get();
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v.set(value);
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if (old_value != v.get()) {
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v.save();
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}
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}
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/*
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save a set of gains
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*/
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void AP_AutoTune::save_gains(const ATGains &v)
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{
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ATGains tmp = current;
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current = last_save;
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save_float_if_changed(current.tau, v.tau);
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save_int16_if_changed(current.rmax_pos, v.rmax_pos);
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save_int16_if_changed(current.rmax_neg, v.rmax_neg);
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save_float_if_changed(rpid.ff(), v.FF);
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save_float_if_changed(rpid.kP(), v.P);
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save_float_if_changed(rpid.kI(), v.I);
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save_float_if_changed(rpid.kD(), v.D);
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save_float_if_changed(rpid.kIMAX(), v.IMAX);
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last_save = get_gains(current);
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current = tmp;
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}
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/*
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get gains with PID components
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*/
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AP_AutoTune::ATGains AP_AutoTune::get_gains(const ATGains &v)
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{
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ATGains ret = v;
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ret.FF = rpid.ff();
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ret.P = rpid.kP();
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ret.I = rpid.kI();
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ret.D = rpid.kD();
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ret.IMAX = rpid.kIMAX();
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return ret;
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}
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/*
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set gains with PID components
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*/
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void AP_AutoTune::set_gains(const ATGains &v)
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{
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current = v;
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rpid.ff().set(v.FF);
|
|
rpid.kP().set(v.P);
|
|
rpid.kI().set(v.I);
|
|
rpid.kD().set(v.D);
|
|
rpid.kIMAX().set(v.IMAX);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
update RMAX and TAU parameters on each step. We move them gradually
|
|
towards the target to allow for a user going straight to a level 10
|
|
tune while starting with a poorly tuned plane
|
|
*/
|
|
void AP_AutoTune::update_rmax(void)
|
|
{
|
|
uint8_t level = constrain_int32(aparm.autotune_level, 0, ARRAY_SIZE(tuning_table));
|
|
|
|
int16_t target_rmax;
|
|
float target_tau;
|
|
|
|
if (level == 0) {
|
|
// this level means to keep current values of RMAX and TCONST
|
|
target_rmax = constrain_float(current.rmax_pos, 75, 720);
|
|
target_tau = constrain_float(current.tau, 0.1, 2);
|
|
} else {
|
|
target_rmax = tuning_table[level-1].rmax;
|
|
target_tau = tuning_table[level-1].tau;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (level > 0 && is_positive(current.FF)) {
|
|
const float invtau = ((1.0f / target_tau) + (current.I / current.FF));
|
|
if (is_positive(invtau)) {
|
|
target_tau = MAX(target_tau,1.0f / invtau);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (current.rmax_pos == 0) {
|
|
// conservative initial value
|
|
current.rmax_pos.set(75);
|
|
}
|
|
// move RMAX by 20 deg/s per step
|
|
current.rmax_pos.set(constrain_int32(target_rmax,
|
|
current.rmax_pos.get()-20,
|
|
current.rmax_pos.get()+20));
|
|
|
|
if (level != 0 || current.rmax_neg.get() == 0) {
|
|
current.rmax_neg.set(current.rmax_pos.get());
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// move tau by max 15% per loop
|
|
current.tau.set(constrain_float(target_tau,
|
|
current.tau*0.85,
|
|
current.tau*1.15));
|
|
}
|