ardupilot/libraries/AC_AttitudeControl/AC_PosControl.cpp
2014-02-15 05:27:34 +11:00

617 lines
23 KiB
C++

/// -*- tab-width: 4; Mode: C++; c-basic-offset: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-
#include <AP_HAL.h>
#include <AC_PosControl.h>
extern const AP_HAL::HAL& hal;
const AP_Param::GroupInfo AC_PosControl::var_info[] PROGMEM = {
// @Param: THR_HOVER
// @DisplayName: Throttle Hover
// @Description: The autopilot's estimate of the throttle required to maintain a level hover. Calculated automatically from the pilot's throttle input while in stabilize mode
// @Range: 0 1000
// @Units: Percent*10
// @User: Advanced
AP_GROUPINFO("THR_HOVER", 0, AC_PosControl, _throttle_hover, POSCONTROL_THROTTLE_HOVER),
AP_GROUPEND
};
// Default constructor.
// Note that the Vector/Matrix constructors already implicitly zero
// their values.
//
AC_PosControl::AC_PosControl(const AP_AHRS& ahrs, const AP_InertialNav& inav,
const AP_Motors& motors, AC_AttitudeControl& attitude_control,
APM_PI& pi_alt_pos, AC_PID& pid_alt_rate, AC_PID& pid_alt_accel,
APM_PI& pi_pos_lat, APM_PI& pi_pos_lon, AC_PID& pid_rate_lat, AC_PID& pid_rate_lon) :
_ahrs(ahrs),
_inav(inav),
_motors(motors),
_attitude_control(attitude_control),
_pi_alt_pos(pi_alt_pos),
_pid_alt_rate(pid_alt_rate),
_pid_alt_accel(pid_alt_accel),
_pi_pos_lat(pi_pos_lat),
_pi_pos_lon(pi_pos_lon),
_pid_rate_lat(pid_rate_lat),
_pid_rate_lon(pid_rate_lon),
_dt(POSCONTROL_DT_10HZ),
_last_update_ms(0),
_last_update_rate_ms(0),
_last_update_accel_ms(0),
_step(0),
_speed_cms(POSCONTROL_SPEED),
_vel_z_min(POSCONTROL_VEL_Z_MIN),
_vel_z_max(POSCONTROL_VEL_Z_MAX),
_accel_cms(POSCONTROL_ACCEL_XY_MAX), // To-Do: check this default
_cos_yaw(1.0),
_sin_yaw(0.0),
_cos_pitch(1.0),
_desired_roll(0.0),
_desired_pitch(0.0),
_leash(POSCONTROL_LEASH_LENGTH_MIN)
{
AP_Param::setup_object_defaults(this, var_info);
// calculate leash length
//calculate_leash_length();
}
///
/// z-axis position controller
///
/// set_target_to_stopping_point_z - returns reasonable stopping altitude in cm above home
void AC_PosControl::set_target_to_stopping_point_z()
{
const Vector3f& curr_pos = _inav.get_position();
const Vector3f& curr_vel = _inav.get_velocity();
float linear_distance; // half the distace we swap between linear and sqrt and the distace we offset sqrt
float linear_velocity; // the velocity we swap between linear and sqrt
// calculate the velocity at which we switch from calculating the stopping point using a linear funcction to a sqrt function
linear_velocity = POSCONTROL_ALT_HOLD_ACCEL_MAX/_pi_alt_pos.kP();
if (fabs(curr_vel.z) < linear_velocity) {
// if our current velocity is below the cross-over point we use a linear function
_pos_target.z = curr_pos.z + curr_vel.z/_pi_alt_pos.kP();
} else {
linear_distance = POSCONTROL_ALT_HOLD_ACCEL_MAX/(2.0f*_pi_alt_pos.kP()*_pi_alt_pos.kP());
if (curr_vel.z > 0){
_pos_target.z = curr_pos.z + (linear_distance + curr_vel.z*curr_vel.z/(2.0f*POSCONTROL_ALT_HOLD_ACCEL_MAX));
} else {
_pos_target.z = curr_pos.z - (linear_distance + curr_vel.z*curr_vel.z/(2.0f*POSCONTROL_ALT_HOLD_ACCEL_MAX));
}
}
_pos_target.z = constrain_float(_pos_target.z, curr_pos.z - POSCONTROL_STOPPING_DIST_Z_MAX, curr_pos.z + POSCONTROL_STOPPING_DIST_Z_MAX);
}
/// init_takeoff - initialises target altitude if we are taking off
void AC_PosControl::init_takeoff()
{
const Vector3f& curr_pos = _inav.get_position();
_pos_target.z = curr_pos.z + POSCONTROL_TAKEOFF_JUMP_CM;
// clear i term from acceleration controller
if (_pid_alt_accel.get_integrator() < 0) {
_pid_alt_accel.reset_I();
}
}
/// fly_to_target_z - fly to altitude in cm above home
void AC_PosControl::fly_to_target_z()
{
// call position controller
pos_to_rate_z();
}
/// climb_at_rate - climb at rate provided in cm/s
void AC_PosControl::climb_at_rate(const float rate_target_cms)
{
const Vector3f& curr_pos = _inav.get_position();
// clear position limit flags
_limit.pos_up = false;
_limit.pos_down = false;
// adjust desired alt if motors have not hit their limits
// To-Do: should we use some other limits? this controller's vel limits?
if ((rate_target_cms<0 && !_motors.limit.throttle_lower) || (rate_target_cms>0 && !_motors.limit.throttle_upper)) {
_pos_target.z += rate_target_cms * _dt;
}
// do not let target altitude get too far from current altitude
if (_pos_target.z < curr_pos.z - POSCONTROL_LEASH_Z) {
_pos_target.z = curr_pos.z - POSCONTROL_LEASH_Z;
_limit.pos_down = true;
}
if (_pos_target.z > curr_pos.z + POSCONTROL_LEASH_Z) {
_pos_target.z = curr_pos.z + POSCONTROL_LEASH_Z;
_limit.pos_up = true;
}
// do not let target alt get above limit
if (_alt_max > 0 && _pos_target.z > _alt_max) {
_pos_target.z = _alt_max;
_limit.pos_up = true;
}
// call position controller
pos_to_rate_z();
}
// pos_to_rate_z - position to rate controller for Z axis
// calculates desired rate in earth-frame z axis and passes to rate controller
// vel_up_max, vel_down_max should have already been set before calling this method
void AC_PosControl::pos_to_rate_z()
{
const Vector3f& curr_pos = _inav.get_position();
float linear_distance; // half the distace we swap between linear and sqrt and the distace we offset sqrt.
// calculate altitude error
_pos_error.z = _pos_target.z - curr_pos.z;
// check kP to avoid division by zero
if (_pi_alt_pos.kP() != 0) {
linear_distance = POSCONTROL_ALT_HOLD_ACCEL_MAX/(2.0f*_pi_alt_pos.kP()*_pi_alt_pos.kP());
if (_pos_error.z > 2*linear_distance ) {
_vel_target.z = safe_sqrt(2.0f*POSCONTROL_ALT_HOLD_ACCEL_MAX*(_pos_error.z-linear_distance));
}else if (_pos_error.z < -2.0f*linear_distance) {
_vel_target.z = -safe_sqrt(2.0f*POSCONTROL_ALT_HOLD_ACCEL_MAX*(-_pos_error.z-linear_distance));
}else{
_vel_target.z = _pi_alt_pos.get_p(_pos_error.z);
}
}else{
_vel_target.z = 0;
}
// call rate based throttle controller which will update accel based throttle controller targets
rate_to_accel_z(_vel_target.z);
}
// rate_to_accel_z - calculates desired accel required to achieve the velocity target
// calculates desired acceleration and calls accel throttle controller
void AC_PosControl::rate_to_accel_z(float vel_target_z)
{
uint32_t now = hal.scheduler->millis();
const Vector3f& curr_vel = _inav.get_velocity();
float z_target_speed_delta; // The change in requested speed
float p; // used to capture pid values for logging
float desired_accel; // the target acceleration if the accel based throttle is enabled, otherwise the output to be sent to the motors
// check speed limits
// To-Do: check these speed limits here or in the pos->rate controller
_limit.vel_up = false;
_limit.vel_down = false;
if (_vel_target.z < _vel_z_min) {
_vel_target.z = _vel_z_min;
_limit.vel_down = true;
}
if (_vel_target.z > _vel_z_max) {
_vel_target.z = _vel_z_max;
_limit.vel_up = true;
}
// reset velocity error and filter if this controller has just been engaged
if (now - _last_update_rate_ms > 100 ) {
// Reset Filter
_vel_error.z = 0;
_vel_target_filt_z = vel_target_z;
desired_accel = 0;
} else {
// calculate rate error and filter with cut off frequency of 2 Hz
//To-Do: adjust constant below based on update rate
_vel_error.z = _vel_error.z + 0.20085f * ((vel_target_z - curr_vel.z) - _vel_error.z);
// feed forward acceleration based on change in the filtered desired speed.
z_target_speed_delta = 0.20085f * (vel_target_z - _vel_target_filt_z);
_vel_target_filt_z = _vel_target_filt_z + z_target_speed_delta;
desired_accel = z_target_speed_delta / _dt;
}
_last_update_rate_ms = now;
// calculate p
p = _pid_alt_rate.kP() * _vel_error.z;
// consolidate and constrain target acceleration
desired_accel += p;
desired_accel = constrain_int32(desired_accel, -32000, 32000);
// To-Do: re-enable PID logging?
// TO-DO: ensure throttle cruise is updated some other way in the main code or attitude control
// set target for accel based throttle controller
accel_to_throttle(desired_accel);
}
// accel_to_throttle - alt hold's acceleration controller
// calculates a desired throttle which is sent directly to the motors
void AC_PosControl::accel_to_throttle(float accel_target_z)
{
uint32_t now = hal.scheduler->millis();
float z_accel_meas; // actual acceleration
int32_t p,i,d; // used to capture pid values for logging
// Calculate Earth Frame Z acceleration
z_accel_meas = -(_ahrs.get_accel_ef().z + GRAVITY_MSS) * 100.0f;
// reset target altitude if this controller has just been engaged
if (now - _last_update_accel_ms > 100) {
// Reset Filter
_accel_error.z = 0;
} else {
// calculate accel error and Filter with fc = 2 Hz
// To-Do: replace constant below with one that is adjusted for update rate
_accel_error.z = _accel_error.z + 0.11164f * (constrain_float(accel_target_z - z_accel_meas, -32000, 32000) - _accel_error.z);
}
_last_update_accel_ms = now;
// separately calculate p, i, d values for logging
p = _pid_alt_accel.get_p(_accel_error.z);
// get i term
i = _pid_alt_accel.get_integrator();
// update i term as long as we haven't breached the limits or the I term will certainly reduce
// To-Do: should this be replaced with limits check from attitude_controller?
if ((!_motors.limit.throttle_lower && !_motors.limit.throttle_upper) || (i>0&&_accel_error.z<0) || (i<0&&_accel_error.z>0)) {
i = _pid_alt_accel.get_i(_accel_error.z, _dt);
}
// get d term
d = _pid_alt_accel.get_d(_accel_error.z, _dt);
// To-Do: pull min/max throttle from motors
// To-Do: where to get hover throttle?
// To-Do: we had a contraint here but it's now removed, is this ok? with the motors library handle it ok?
_attitude_control.set_throttle_out((int16_t)p+i+d+_throttle_hover, true);
// to-do add back in PID logging?
}
/*
// get_throttle_althold_with_slew - altitude controller with slew to avoid step changes in altitude target
// calls normal althold controller which updates accel based throttle controller targets
static void
get_throttle_althold_with_slew(int32_t target_alt, int16_t min_climb_rate, int16_t max_climb_rate)
{
float alt_change = target_alt-controller_desired_alt;
// adjust desired alt if motors have not hit their limits
if ((alt_change<0 && !motors.limit.throttle_lower) || (alt_change>0 && !motors.limit.throttle_upper)) {
controller_desired_alt += constrain_float(alt_change, min_climb_rate*0.02f, max_climb_rate*0.02f);
}
// do not let target altitude get too far from current altitude
controller_desired_alt = constrain_float(controller_desired_alt,current_loc.alt-750,current_loc.alt+750);
get_throttle_althold(controller_desired_alt, min_climb_rate-250, max_climb_rate+250); // 250 is added to give head room to alt hold controller
}
// get_throttle_rate_stabilized - rate controller with additional 'stabilizer'
// 'stabilizer' ensure desired rate is being met
// calls normal throttle rate controller which updates accel based throttle controller targets
static void
get_throttle_rate_stabilized(int16_t target_rate)
{
// adjust desired alt if motors have not hit their limits
if ((target_rate<0 && !motors.limit.throttle_lower) || (target_rate>0 && !motors.limit.throttle_upper)) {
controller_desired_alt += target_rate * 0.02f;
}
// do not let target altitude get too far from current altitude
controller_desired_alt = constrain_float(controller_desired_alt,current_loc.alt-750,current_loc.alt+750);
#if AC_FENCE == ENABLED
// do not let target altitude be too close to the fence
// To-Do: add this to other altitude controllers
if((fence.get_enabled_fences() & AC_FENCE_TYPE_ALT_MAX) != 0) {
float alt_limit = fence.get_safe_alt() * 100.0f;
if (controller_desired_alt > alt_limit) {
controller_desired_alt = alt_limit;
}
}
#endif
// update target altitude for reporting purposes
set_target_alt_for_reporting(controller_desired_alt);
get_throttle_althold(controller_desired_alt, -g.pilot_velocity_z_max-250, g.pilot_velocity_z_max+250); // 250 is added to give head room to alt hold controller
}
*/
///
/// position controller
///
/*
/// get_stopping_point - returns vector to stopping point based on a horizontal position and velocity
void AC_PosControl::get_stopping_point(const Vector3f& position, const Vector3f& velocity, Vector3f &target) const
{
float linear_distance; // half the distace we swap between linear and sqrt and the distace we offset sqrt.
float linear_velocity; // the velocity we swap between linear and sqrt.
float vel_total;
float target_dist;
float kP = _pid_pos_lat->kP();
// calculate current velocity
vel_total = safe_sqrt(velocity.x*velocity.x + velocity.y*velocity.y);
// avoid divide by zero by using current position if the velocity is below 10cm/s, kP is very low or acceleration is zero
if (vel_total < 10.0f || kP <= 0.0f || _wp_accel_cms <= 0.0f) {
target = position;
return;
}
// calculate point at which velocity switches from linear to sqrt
linear_velocity = _wp_accel_cms/kP;
// calculate distance within which we can stop
if (vel_total < linear_velocity) {
target_dist = vel_total/kP;
} else {
linear_distance = _wp_accel_cms/(2.0f*kP*kP);
target_dist = linear_distance + (vel_total*vel_total)/(2.0f*_wp_accel_cms);
}
target_dist = constrain_float(target_dist, 0, _wp_leash_xy*2.0f);
target.x = position.x + (target_dist * velocity.x / vel_total);
target.y = position.y + (target_dist * velocity.y / vel_total);
target.z = position.z;
}
/// set_pos_target in cm from home
void AC_PosControl::set_pos_target(const Vector3f& position)
{
_target = position;
_target_vel.x = 0;
_target_vel.y = 0;
}
/// init_pos_target - set initial loiter target based on current position and velocity
void AC_PosControl::init_pos_target(const Vector3f& position, const Vector3f& velocity)
{
// set target position and velocity based on current pos and velocity
_target.x = position.x;
_target.y = position.y;
_target_vel.x = velocity.x;
_target_vel.y = velocity.y;
// initialise desired roll and pitch to current roll and pitch. This avoids a random twitch between now and when the loiter controller is first run
_desired_roll = constrain_int32(_ahrs->roll_sensor,-_lean_angle_max_cd,_lean_angle_max_cd);
_desired_pitch = constrain_int32(_ahrs->pitch_sensor,-_lean_angle_max_cd,_lean_angle_max_cd);
// initialise pilot input
_pilot_vel_forward_cms = 0;
_pilot_vel_right_cms = 0;
// set last velocity to current velocity
// To-Do: remove the line below by instead forcing reset_I to be called on the first loiter_update call
_vel_last = _inav->get_velocity();
}
/// get_distance_to_target - get horizontal distance to loiter target in cm
float AC_PosControl::get_distance_to_target() const
{
return _distance_to_target;
}
/// get_bearing_to_target - get bearing to loiter target in centi-degrees
int32_t AC_PosControl::get_bearing_to_target() const
{
return get_bearing_cd(_inav->get_position(), _target);
}
/// update_loiter - run the loiter controller - should be called at 10hz
void AC_PosControl::update_loiter()
{
// calculate dt
uint32_t now = hal.scheduler->millis();
float dt = (now - _loiter_last_update) / 1000.0f;
// catch if we've just been started
if( dt >= 1.0 ) {
dt = 0.0;
reset_I();
_loiter_step = 0;
}
// reset step back to 0 if 0.1 seconds has passed and we completed the last full cycle
if (dt > 0.095f && _loiter_step > 3) {
_loiter_step = 0;
}
// run loiter steps
switch (_loiter_step) {
case 0:
// capture time since last iteration
_loiter_dt = dt;
_loiter_last_update = now;
// translate any adjustments from pilot to loiter target
translate_loiter_target_movements(_loiter_dt);
_loiter_step++;
break;
case 1:
// run loiter's position to velocity step
get_loiter_position_to_velocity(_loiter_dt, WPNAV_LOITER_SPEED_MAX_TO_CORRECT_ERROR);
_loiter_step++;
break;
case 2:
// run loiter's velocity to acceleration step
get_loiter_velocity_to_acceleration(desired_vel.x, desired_vel.y, _loiter_dt);
_loiter_step++;
break;
case 3:
// run loiter's acceleration to lean angle step
get_loiter_acceleration_to_lean_angles(desired_accel.x, desired_accel.y);
_loiter_step++;
break;
}
}
/// calculate_leash_length - calculates the maximum distance in cm that the target position may be from the current location
void AC_PosControl::calculate_leash_length()
{
// get loiter position P
float kP = _pid_pos_lat->kP();
// check loiter speed
if( _loiter_speed_cms < 100.0f) {
_loiter_speed_cms = 100.0f;
}
// set loiter acceleration to 1/2 loiter speed
_loiter_accel_cms = _loiter_speed_cms / 2.0f;
// avoid divide by zero
if (kP <= 0.0f || _wp_accel_cms <= 0.0f) {
_loiter_leash = WPNAV_MIN_LEASH_LENGTH;
return;
}
// calculate horizontal leash length
if(WPNAV_LOITER_SPEED_MAX_TO_CORRECT_ERROR <= _wp_accel_cms / kP) {
// linear leash length based on speed close in
_loiter_leash = WPNAV_LOITER_SPEED_MAX_TO_CORRECT_ERROR / kP;
}else{
// leash length grows at sqrt of speed further out
_loiter_leash = (_wp_accel_cms / (2.0f*kP*kP)) + (WPNAV_LOITER_SPEED_MAX_TO_CORRECT_ERROR*WPNAV_LOITER_SPEED_MAX_TO_CORRECT_ERROR / (2.0f*_wp_accel_cms));
}
// ensure leash is at least 1m long
if( _loiter_leash < WPNAV_MIN_LEASH_LENGTH ) {
_loiter_leash = WPNAV_MIN_LEASH_LENGTH;
}
}
///
/// shared methods
///
/// get_loiter_position_to_velocity - loiter position controller
/// converts desired position held in _target vector to desired velocity
void AC_PosControl::get_loiter_position_to_velocity(float dt, float max_speed_cms)
{
Vector3f curr = _inav->get_position();
float dist_error_total;
float vel_sqrt;
float vel_total;
float linear_distance; // the distace we swap between linear and sqrt.
float kP = _pid_pos_lat->kP();
// avoid divide by zero
if (kP <= 0.0f) {
desired_vel.x = 0.0;
desired_vel.y = 0.0;
}else{
// calculate distance error
dist_error.x = _target.x - curr.x;
dist_error.y = _target.y - curr.y;
linear_distance = _wp_accel_cms/(2.0f*kP*kP);
dist_error_total = safe_sqrt(dist_error.x*dist_error.x + dist_error.y*dist_error.y);
_distance_to_target = dist_error_total; // for reporting purposes
if( dist_error_total > 2.0f*linear_distance ) {
vel_sqrt = safe_sqrt(2.0f*_wp_accel_cms*(dist_error_total-linear_distance));
desired_vel.x = vel_sqrt * dist_error.x/dist_error_total;
desired_vel.y = vel_sqrt * dist_error.y/dist_error_total;
}else{
desired_vel.x = _pid_pos_lat->kP() * dist_error.x;
desired_vel.y = _pid_pos_lon->kP() * dist_error.y;
}
// ensure velocity stays within limits
vel_total = safe_sqrt(desired_vel.x*desired_vel.x + desired_vel.y*desired_vel.y);
if( vel_total > max_speed_cms ) {
desired_vel.x = max_speed_cms * desired_vel.x/vel_total;
desired_vel.y = max_speed_cms * desired_vel.y/vel_total;
}
// feed forward velocity request
desired_vel.x += _target_vel.x;
desired_vel.y += _target_vel.y;
}
}
/// get_loiter_velocity_to_acceleration - loiter velocity controller
/// converts desired velocities in lat/lon directions to accelerations in lat/lon frame
void AC_PosControl::get_loiter_velocity_to_acceleration(float vel_lat, float vel_lon, float dt)
{
const Vector3f &vel_curr = _inav->get_velocity(); // current velocity in cm/s
Vector3f vel_error; // The velocity error in cm/s.
float accel_total; // total acceleration in cm/s/s
// reset last velocity if this controller has just been engaged or dt is zero
if( dt == 0.0 ) {
desired_accel.x = 0;
desired_accel.y = 0;
} else {
// feed forward desired acceleration calculation
desired_accel.x = (vel_lat - _vel_last.x)/dt;
desired_accel.y = (vel_lon - _vel_last.y)/dt;
}
// store this iteration's velocities for the next iteration
_vel_last.x = vel_lat;
_vel_last.y = vel_lon;
// calculate velocity error
vel_error.x = vel_lat - vel_curr.x;
vel_error.y = vel_lon - vel_curr.y;
// combine feed foward accel with PID outpu from velocity error
desired_accel.x += _pid_rate_lat->get_pid(vel_error.x, dt);
desired_accel.y += _pid_rate_lon->get_pid(vel_error.y, dt);
// scale desired acceleration if it's beyond acceptable limit
accel_total = safe_sqrt(desired_accel.x*desired_accel.x + desired_accel.y*desired_accel.y);
if( accel_total > WPNAV_ACCEL_MAX ) {
desired_accel.x = WPNAV_ACCEL_MAX * desired_accel.x/accel_total;
desired_accel.y = WPNAV_ACCEL_MAX * desired_accel.y/accel_total;
}
}
/// get_loiter_acceleration_to_lean_angles - loiter acceleration controller
/// converts desired accelerations provided in lat/lon frame to roll/pitch angles
void AC_PosControl::get_loiter_acceleration_to_lean_angles(float accel_lat, float accel_lon)
{
float z_accel_meas = -GRAVITY_MSS * 100; // gravity in cm/s/s
float accel_forward;
float accel_right;
// To-Do: add 1hz filter to accel_lat, accel_lon
// rotate accelerations into body forward-right frame
accel_forward = accel_lat*_cos_yaw + accel_lon*_sin_yaw;
accel_right = -accel_lat*_sin_yaw + accel_lon*_cos_yaw;
// update angle targets that will be passed to stabilize controller
_desired_roll = constrain_float(fast_atan(accel_right*_cos_pitch/(-z_accel_meas))*(18000/M_PI), -_lean_angle_max_cd, _lean_angle_max_cd);
_desired_pitch = constrain_float(fast_atan(-accel_forward/(-z_accel_meas))*(18000/M_PI), -_lean_angle_max_cd, _lean_angle_max_cd);
}
// get_bearing_cd - return bearing in centi-degrees between two positions
// To-Do: move this to math library
float AC_PosControl::get_bearing_cd(const Vector3f &origin, const Vector3f &destination) const
{
float bearing = 9000 + atan2f(-(destination.x-origin.x), destination.y-origin.y) * 5729.57795f;
if (bearing < 0) {
bearing += 36000;
}
return bearing;
}
/// reset_I - clears I terms from loiter PID controller
void AC_PosControl::reset_I()
{
_pid_pos_lon->reset_I();
_pid_pos_lat->reset_I();
_pid_rate_lon->reset_I();
_pid_rate_lat->reset_I();
// set last velocity to current velocity
_vel_last = _inav->get_velocity();
}
*/