ardupilot/libraries/AC_PID/AC_PID.cpp

/// @file	AC_PID.cpp
/// @brief	Generic PID algorithm

#include <AP_Math/AP_Math.h>
#include "AC_PID.h"

const AP_Param::GroupInfo AC_PID::var_info[] = {
    // @Param: P
    // @DisplayName: PID Proportional Gain
    // @Description: P Gain which produces an output value that is proportional to the current error value
    AP_GROUPINFO("P", 0, AC_PID, _kp, 0),

    // @Param: I
    // @DisplayName: PID Integral Gain
    // @Description: I Gain which produces an output that is proportional to both the magnitude and the duration of the error
    AP_GROUPINFO("I", 1, AC_PID, _ki, 0),

    // @Param: D
    // @DisplayName: PID Derivative Gain
    // @Description: D Gain which produces an output that is proportional to the rate of change of the error
    AP_GROUPINFO("D", 2, AC_PID, _kd, 0),

    // 3 was for uint16 IMAX

    // @Param: FF
    // @DisplayName: FF FeedForward Gain
    // @Description: FF Gain which produces an output value that is proportional to the demanded input
    AP_GROUPINFO("FF", 4, AC_PID, _kff, 0),

    // @Param: IMAX
    // @DisplayName: PID Integral Maximum
    // @Description: The maximum/minimum value that the I term can output
    AP_GROUPINFO("IMAX", 5, AC_PID, _kimax, 0),

    // 6 was for float FILT

    // 7 is for float ILMI and FF

    // index 8 was for AFF

    // @Param: FLTT
    // @DisplayName: PID Target filter frequency in Hz
    // @Description: Target filter frequency in Hz
    // @Units: Hz
    AP_GROUPINFO("FLTT", 9, AC_PID, _filt_T_hz, AC_PID_TFILT_HZ_DEFAULT),

    // @Param: FLTE
    // @DisplayName: PID Error filter frequency in Hz
    // @Description: Error filter frequency in Hz
    // @Units: Hz
    AP_GROUPINFO("FLTE", 10, AC_PID, _filt_E_hz, AC_PID_EFILT_HZ_DEFAULT),

    // @Param: FLTD
    // @DisplayName: PID Derivative term filter frequency in Hz
    // @Description: Derivative filter frequency in Hz
    // @Units: Hz
    AP_GROUPINFO("FLTD", 11, AC_PID, _filt_D_hz, AC_PID_DFILT_HZ_DEFAULT),

    // @Param: SMAX
    // @DisplayName: Slew rate limit
    // @Description: Sets an upper limit on the slew rate produced by the combined P and D gains. If the amplitude of the control action produced by the rate feedback exceeds this value, then the D+P gain is reduced to respect the limit. This limits the amplitude of high frequency oscillations caused by an excessive gain. The limit should be set to no more than 25% of the actuators maximum slew rate to allow for load effects. Note: The gain will not be reduced to less than 10% of the nominal value. A value of zero will disable this feature.
    // @Range: 0 200
    // @Increment: 0.5
    // @User: Advanced
    AP_GROUPINFO("SMAX", 12, AC_PID, _slew_rate_max, 0),

    AP_GROUPEND
};

// Constructor
AC_PID::AC_PID(float initial_p, float initial_i, float initial_d, float initial_ff, float initial_imax, float initial_filt_T_hz, float initial_filt_E_hz, float initial_filt_D_hz,
               float dt, float initial_srmax, float initial_srtau):
    _dt(dt)
{
    // load parameter values from eeprom
    AP_Param::setup_object_defaults(this, var_info);

    _kp.set_and_default(initial_p);
    _ki.set_and_default(initial_i);
    _kd.set_and_default(initial_d);
    _kff.set_and_default(initial_ff);
    _kimax.set_and_default(initial_imax);
    _filt_T_hz.set_and_default(initial_filt_T_hz);
    _filt_E_hz.set_and_default(initial_filt_E_hz);
    _filt_D_hz.set_and_default(initial_filt_D_hz);
    _slew_rate_max.set_and_default(initial_srmax);
    _slew_rate_tau.set_and_default(initial_srtau);

    // reset input filter to first value received
    _flags._reset_filter = true;

    memset(&_pid_info, 0, sizeof(_pid_info));

    // slew limit scaler allows for plane to use degrees/sec slew
    // limit
    _slew_limit_scale = 1;
}

// set_dt - set time step in seconds
void AC_PID::set_dt(float dt)
{
    // set dt and calculate the input filter alpha
    _dt = dt;
}

// filt_T_hz - set target filter hz
void AC_PID::filt_T_hz(float hz)
{
    _filt_T_hz.set(fabsf(hz));
}

// filt_E_hz - set error filter hz
void AC_PID::filt_E_hz(float hz)
{
    _filt_E_hz.set(fabsf(hz));
}

// filt_D_hz - set derivative filter hz
void AC_PID::filt_D_hz(float hz)
{
    _filt_D_hz.set(fabsf(hz));
}

// slew_limit - set slew limit
void AC_PID::slew_limit(float smax)
{
    _slew_rate_max.set(fabsf(smax));
}

//  update_all - set target and measured inputs to PID controller and calculate outputs
//  target and error are filtered
//  the derivative is then calculated and filtered
//  the integral is then updated based on the setting of the limit flag
float AC_PID::update_all(float target, float measurement, bool limit)
{
    // don't process inf or NaN
    if (!isfinite(target) || !isfinite(measurement)) {
        return 0.0f;
    }

    // reset input filter to value received
    if (_flags._reset_filter) {
        _flags._reset_filter = false;
        _target = target;
        _error = _target - measurement;
        _derivative = 0.0f;
    } else {
        float error_last = _error;
        _target += get_filt_T_alpha() * (target - _target);
        _error += get_filt_E_alpha() * ((_target - measurement) - _error);

        // calculate and filter derivative
        if (_dt > 0.0f) {
            float derivative = (_error - error_last) / _dt;
            _derivative += get_filt_D_alpha() * (derivative - _derivative);
        }
    }

    // update I term
    update_i(limit);

    float P_out = (_error * _kp);
    float D_out = (_derivative * _kd);

    // calculate slew limit modifier for P+D
    _pid_info.Dmod = _slew_limiter.modifier((_pid_info.P + _pid_info.D) * _slew_limit_scale, _dt);
    _pid_info.slew_rate = _slew_limiter.get_slew_rate();

    P_out *= _pid_info.Dmod;
    D_out *= _pid_info.Dmod;

    _pid_info.target = _target;
    _pid_info.actual = measurement;
    _pid_info.error = _error;
    _pid_info.P = P_out;
    _pid_info.D = D_out;

    return P_out + _integrator + D_out;
}

//  update_error - set error input to PID controller and calculate outputs
//  target is set to zero and error is set and filtered
//  the derivative then is calculated and filtered
//  the integral is then updated based on the setting of the limit flag
//  Target and Measured must be set manually for logging purposes.
// todo: remove function when it is no longer used.
float AC_PID::update_error(float error, bool limit)
{
    // don't process inf or NaN
    if (!isfinite(error)) {
        return 0.0f;
    }

    _target = 0.0f;

    // reset input filter to value received
    if (_flags._reset_filter) {
        _flags._reset_filter = false;
        _error = error;
        _derivative = 0.0f;
    } else {
        float error_last = _error;
        _error += get_filt_E_alpha() * (error - _error);

        // calculate and filter derivative
        if (_dt > 0.0f) {
            float derivative = (_error - error_last) / _dt;
            _derivative += get_filt_D_alpha() * (derivative - _derivative);
        }
    }

    // update I term
    update_i(limit);

    float P_out = (_error * _kp);
    float D_out = (_derivative * _kd);

    // calculate slew limit modifier for P+D
    _pid_info.Dmod = _slew_limiter.modifier((_pid_info.P + _pid_info.D) * _slew_limit_scale, _dt);
    _pid_info.slew_rate = _slew_limiter.get_slew_rate();

    P_out *= _pid_info.Dmod;
    D_out *= _pid_info.Dmod;
    
    _pid_info.target = 0.0f;
    _pid_info.actual = 0.0f;
    _pid_info.error = _error;
    _pid_info.P = P_out;
    _pid_info.D = D_out;

    return P_out + _integrator + D_out;
}

//  update_i - update the integral
//  If the limit flag is set the integral is only allowed to shrink
void AC_PID::update_i(bool limit)
{
    if (!is_zero(_ki) && is_positive(_dt)) {
        // Ensure that integrator can only be reduced if the output is saturated
        if (!limit || ((is_positive(_integrator) && is_negative(_error)) || (is_negative(_integrator) && is_positive(_error)))) {
            _integrator += ((float)_error * _ki) * _dt;
            _integrator = constrain_float(_integrator, -_kimax, _kimax);
        }
    } else {
        _integrator = 0.0f;
    }
    _pid_info.I = _integrator;
    _pid_info.limit = limit;
}

float AC_PID::get_p() const
{
    return _error * _kp;
}

float AC_PID::get_i() const
{
    return _integrator;
}

float AC_PID::get_d() const
{
    return _kd * _derivative;
}

float AC_PID::get_ff()
{
    _pid_info.FF = _target * _kff;
    return _target * _kff;
}

void AC_PID::reset_I()
{
    _integrator = 0.0;
    _pid_info.I = 0.0;
}

void AC_PID::load_gains()
{
    _kp.load();
    _ki.load();
    _kd.load();
    _kff.load();
    _kimax.load();
    _kimax.set(fabsf(_kimax));
    _filt_T_hz.load();
    _filt_E_hz.load();
    _filt_D_hz.load();
}

// save_gains - save gains to eeprom
void AC_PID::save_gains()
{
    _kp.save();
    _ki.save();
    _kd.save();
    _kff.save();
    _kimax.save();
    _filt_T_hz.save();
    _filt_E_hz.save();
    _filt_D_hz.save();
}

/// Overload the function call operator to permit easy initialisation
void AC_PID::operator()(float p_val, float i_val, float d_val, float ff_val, float imax_val, float input_filt_T_hz, float input_filt_E_hz, float input_filt_D_hz, float dt)
{
    _kp.set(p_val);
    _ki.set(i_val);
    _kd.set(d_val);
    _kff.set(ff_val);
    _kimax.set(fabsf(imax_val));
    _filt_T_hz.set(input_filt_T_hz);
    _filt_E_hz.set(input_filt_E_hz);
    _filt_D_hz.set(input_filt_D_hz);
    _dt = dt;
}

// get_filt_T_alpha - get the target filter alpha
float AC_PID::get_filt_T_alpha() const
{
    return get_filt_alpha(_filt_T_hz);
}

// get_filt_E_alpha - get the error filter alpha
float AC_PID::get_filt_E_alpha() const
{
    return get_filt_alpha(_filt_E_hz);
}

// get_filt_D_alpha - get the derivative filter alpha
float AC_PID::get_filt_D_alpha() const
{
    return get_filt_alpha(_filt_D_hz);
}

// get_filt_alpha - calculate a filter alpha
float AC_PID::get_filt_alpha(float filt_hz) const
{
    return calc_lowpass_alpha_dt(_dt, filt_hz);
}

void AC_PID::set_integrator(float target, float measurement, float integrator)
{
    set_integrator(target - measurement, integrator);
}

void AC_PID::set_integrator(float error, float integrator)
{
    _integrator = constrain_float(integrator - error * _kp, -_kimax, _kimax);
    _pid_info.I = _integrator;
}

void AC_PID::set_integrator(float integrator)
{
    _integrator = constrain_float(integrator, -_kimax, _kimax);
    _pid_info.I = _integrator;
}

void AC_PID::relax_integrator(float integrator, float time_constant)
{
    integrator = constrain_float(integrator, -_kimax, _kimax);
    _integrator = _integrator + (integrator - _integrator) * (_dt / (_dt + time_constant));
    _pid_info.I = _integrator;
}