1464 lines
46 KiB
Python
1464 lines
46 KiB
Python
#
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# XML-RPC CLIENT LIBRARY
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# $Id$
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#
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# an XML-RPC client interface for Python.
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#
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# the marshalling and response parser code can also be used to
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# implement XML-RPC servers.
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#
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# Notes:
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# this version is designed to work with Python 2.1 or newer.
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#
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# History:
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# 1999-01-14 fl Created
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# 1999-01-15 fl Changed dateTime to use localtime
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# 1999-01-16 fl Added Binary/base64 element, default to RPC2 service
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# 1999-01-19 fl Fixed array data element (from Skip Montanaro)
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# 1999-01-21 fl Fixed dateTime constructor, etc.
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# 1999-02-02 fl Added fault handling, handle empty sequences, etc.
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# 1999-02-10 fl Fixed problem with empty responses (from Skip Montanaro)
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# 1999-06-20 fl Speed improvements, pluggable parsers/transports (0.9.8)
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# 2000-11-28 fl Changed boolean to check the truth value of its argument
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# 2001-02-24 fl Added encoding/Unicode/SafeTransport patches
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# 2001-02-26 fl Added compare support to wrappers (0.9.9/1.0b1)
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# 2001-03-28 fl Make sure response tuple is a singleton
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# 2001-03-29 fl Don't require empty params element (from Nicholas Riley)
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# 2001-06-10 fl Folded in _xmlrpclib accelerator support (1.0b2)
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# 2001-08-20 fl Base xmlrpclib.Error on built-in Exception (from Paul Prescod)
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# 2001-09-03 fl Allow Transport subclass to override getparser
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# 2001-09-10 fl Lazy import of urllib, cgi, xmllib (20x import speedup)
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# 2001-10-01 fl Remove containers from memo cache when done with them
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# 2001-10-01 fl Use faster escape method (80% dumps speedup)
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# 2001-10-02 fl More dumps microtuning
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# 2001-10-04 fl Make sure import expat gets a parser (from Guido van Rossum)
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# 2001-10-10 sm Allow long ints to be passed as ints if they don't overflow
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# 2001-10-17 sm Test for int and long overflow (allows use on 64-bit systems)
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# 2001-11-12 fl Use repr() to marshal doubles (from Paul Felix)
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# 2002-03-17 fl Avoid buffered read when possible (from James Rucker)
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# 2002-04-07 fl Added pythondoc comments
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# 2002-04-16 fl Added __str__ methods to datetime/binary wrappers
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# 2002-05-15 fl Added error constants (from Andrew Kuchling)
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# 2002-06-27 fl Merged with Python CVS version
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# 2002-10-22 fl Added basic authentication (based on code from Phillip Eby)
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# 2003-01-22 sm Add support for the bool type
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# 2003-02-27 gvr Remove apply calls
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# 2003-04-24 sm Use cStringIO if available
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# 2003-04-25 ak Add support for nil
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# 2003-06-15 gn Add support for time.struct_time
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# 2003-07-12 gp Correct marshalling of Faults
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# 2003-10-31 mvl Add multicall support
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# 2004-08-20 mvl Bump minimum supported Python version to 2.1
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#
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# Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Secret Labs AB.
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# Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Fredrik Lundh.
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#
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# info@pythonware.com
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# http://www.pythonware.com
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#
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# --------------------------------------------------------------------
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# The XML-RPC client interface is
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#
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# Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Secret Labs AB
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# Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Fredrik Lundh
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#
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# By obtaining, using, and/or copying this software and/or its
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# associated documentation, you agree that you have read, understood,
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# and will comply with the following terms and conditions:
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#
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# Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
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# its associated documentation for any purpose and without fee is
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# hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in
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# all copies, and that both that copyright notice and this permission
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# notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of
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# Secret Labs AB or the author not be used in advertising or publicity
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# pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written
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# prior permission.
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#
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# SECRET LABS AB AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD
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# TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT-
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# ABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL SECRET LABS AB OR THE AUTHOR
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# BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY
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# DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,
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# WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
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# ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE
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# OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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# --------------------------------------------------------------------
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"""
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An XML-RPC client interface for Python.
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|
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The marshalling and response parser code can also be used to
|
|
implement XML-RPC servers.
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Exported exceptions:
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Error Base class for client errors
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ProtocolError Indicates an HTTP protocol error
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ResponseError Indicates a broken response package
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Fault Indicates an XML-RPC fault package
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Exported classes:
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ServerProxy Represents a logical connection to an XML-RPC server
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MultiCall Executor of boxcared xmlrpc requests
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DateTime dateTime wrapper for an ISO 8601 string or time tuple or
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localtime integer value to generate a "dateTime.iso8601"
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XML-RPC value
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Binary binary data wrapper
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Marshaller Generate an XML-RPC params chunk from a Python data structure
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Unmarshaller Unmarshal an XML-RPC response from incoming XML event message
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Transport Handles an HTTP transaction to an XML-RPC server
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SafeTransport Handles an HTTPS transaction to an XML-RPC server
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Exported constants:
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(none)
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Exported functions:
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getparser Create instance of the fastest available parser & attach
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to an unmarshalling object
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dumps Convert an argument tuple or a Fault instance to an XML-RPC
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request (or response, if the methodresponse option is used).
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loads Convert an XML-RPC packet to unmarshalled data plus a method
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name (None if not present).
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"""
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import base64
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import time
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import http.client
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from xml.parsers import expat
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import socket
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import errno
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from io import BytesIO
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try:
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import gzip
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except ImportError:
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gzip = None #python can be built without zlib/gzip support
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# --------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Internal stuff
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try:
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import datetime
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except ImportError:
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datetime = None
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def escape(s):
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s = s.replace("&", "&")
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s = s.replace("<", "<")
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return s.replace(">", ">",)
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__version__ = "1.0.1"
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# xmlrpc integer limits
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MAXINT = 2**31-1
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MININT = -2**31
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# --------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Error constants (from Dan Libby's specification at
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# http://xmlrpc-epi.sourceforge.net/specs/rfc.fault_codes.php)
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# Ranges of errors
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PARSE_ERROR = -32700
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SERVER_ERROR = -32600
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APPLICATION_ERROR = -32500
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SYSTEM_ERROR = -32400
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TRANSPORT_ERROR = -32300
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# Specific errors
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NOT_WELLFORMED_ERROR = -32700
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UNSUPPORTED_ENCODING = -32701
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INVALID_ENCODING_CHAR = -32702
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INVALID_XMLRPC = -32600
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METHOD_NOT_FOUND = -32601
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INVALID_METHOD_PARAMS = -32602
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INTERNAL_ERROR = -32603
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# --------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Exceptions
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##
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# Base class for all kinds of client-side errors.
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class Error(Exception):
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"""Base class for client errors."""
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def __str__(self):
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return repr(self)
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##
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# Indicates an HTTP-level protocol error. This is raised by the HTTP
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# transport layer, if the server returns an error code other than 200
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# (OK).
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#
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# @param url The target URL.
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# @param errcode The HTTP error code.
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# @param errmsg The HTTP error message.
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# @param headers The HTTP header dictionary.
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class ProtocolError(Error):
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"""Indicates an HTTP protocol error."""
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def __init__(self, url, errcode, errmsg, headers):
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Error.__init__(self)
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self.url = url
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self.errcode = errcode
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self.errmsg = errmsg
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self.headers = headers
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def __repr__(self):
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return (
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"<ProtocolError for %s: %s %s>" %
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(self.url, self.errcode, self.errmsg)
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)
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##
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# Indicates a broken XML-RPC response package. This exception is
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# raised by the unmarshalling layer, if the XML-RPC response is
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# malformed.
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class ResponseError(Error):
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"""Indicates a broken response package."""
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pass
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##
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# Indicates an XML-RPC fault response package. This exception is
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# raised by the unmarshalling layer, if the XML-RPC response contains
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# a fault string. This exception can also be used as a class, to
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# generate a fault XML-RPC message.
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#
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# @param faultCode The XML-RPC fault code.
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# @param faultString The XML-RPC fault string.
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class Fault(Error):
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"""Indicates an XML-RPC fault package."""
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def __init__(self, faultCode, faultString, **extra):
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Error.__init__(self)
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self.faultCode = faultCode
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self.faultString = faultString
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def __repr__(self):
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return "<Fault %s: %r>" % (self.faultCode, self.faultString)
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# --------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Special values
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##
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# Backwards compatibility
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boolean = Boolean = bool
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##
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# Wrapper for XML-RPC DateTime values. This converts a time value to
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# the format used by XML-RPC.
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# <p>
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# The value can be given as a string in the format
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# "yyyymmddThh:mm:ss", as a 9-item time tuple (as returned by
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# time.localtime()), or an integer value (as returned by time.time()).
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# The wrapper uses time.localtime() to convert an integer to a time
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# tuple.
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#
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# @param value The time, given as an ISO 8601 string, a time
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# tuple, or a integer time value.
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def _strftime(value):
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if datetime:
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if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
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return "%04d%02d%02dT%02d:%02d:%02d" % (
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value.year, value.month, value.day,
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value.hour, value.minute, value.second)
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if not isinstance(value, (tuple, time.struct_time)):
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if value == 0:
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value = time.time()
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value = time.localtime(value)
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return "%04d%02d%02dT%02d:%02d:%02d" % value[:6]
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class DateTime:
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"""DateTime wrapper for an ISO 8601 string or time tuple or
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localtime integer value to generate 'dateTime.iso8601' XML-RPC
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value.
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"""
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def __init__(self, value=0):
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if isinstance(value, str):
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self.value = value
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else:
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self.value = _strftime(value)
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def make_comparable(self, other):
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if isinstance(other, DateTime):
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s = self.value
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o = other.value
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elif datetime and isinstance(other, datetime.datetime):
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s = self.value
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o = other.strftime("%Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S")
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elif isinstance(other, str):
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s = self.value
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o = other
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elif hasattr(other, "timetuple"):
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s = self.timetuple()
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o = other.timetuple()
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else:
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otype = (hasattr(other, "__class__")
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and other.__class__.__name__
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or type(other))
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raise TypeError("Can't compare %s and %s" %
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(self.__class__.__name__, otype))
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return s, o
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def __lt__(self, other):
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s, o = self.make_comparable(other)
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return s < o
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|
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def __le__(self, other):
|
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s, o = self.make_comparable(other)
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return s <= o
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def __gt__(self, other):
|
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s, o = self.make_comparable(other)
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return s > o
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|
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def __ge__(self, other):
|
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s, o = self.make_comparable(other)
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return s >= o
|
|
|
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def __eq__(self, other):
|
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s, o = self.make_comparable(other)
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return s == o
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|
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def __ne__(self, other):
|
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s, o = self.make_comparable(other)
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return s != o
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|
|
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def timetuple(self):
|
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return time.strptime(self.value, "%Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S")
|
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|
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##
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# Get date/time value.
|
|
#
|
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# @return Date/time value, as an ISO 8601 string.
|
|
|
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def __str__(self):
|
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return self.value
|
|
|
|
def __repr__(self):
|
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return "<DateTime %r at %x>" % (self.value, id(self))
|
|
|
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def decode(self, data):
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self.value = str(data).strip()
|
|
|
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def encode(self, out):
|
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out.write("<value><dateTime.iso8601>")
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out.write(self.value)
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out.write("</dateTime.iso8601></value>\n")
|
|
|
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def _datetime(data):
|
|
# decode xml element contents into a DateTime structure.
|
|
value = DateTime()
|
|
value.decode(data)
|
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return value
|
|
|
|
def _datetime_type(data):
|
|
t = time.strptime(data, "%Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S")
|
|
return datetime.datetime(*tuple(t)[:6])
|
|
|
|
##
|
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# Wrapper for binary data. This can be used to transport any kind
|
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# of binary data over XML-RPC, using BASE64 encoding.
|
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#
|
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# @param data An 8-bit string containing arbitrary data.
|
|
|
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class Binary:
|
|
"""Wrapper for binary data."""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, data=None):
|
|
if data is None:
|
|
data = b""
|
|
else:
|
|
if not isinstance(data, bytes):
|
|
raise TypeError("expected bytes, not %s" %
|
|
data.__class__.__name__)
|
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data = bytes(data) # Make a copy of the bytes!
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self.data = data
|
|
|
|
##
|
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# Get buffer contents.
|
|
#
|
|
# @return Buffer contents, as an 8-bit string.
|
|
|
|
def __str__(self):
|
|
return str(self.data, "latin-1") # XXX encoding?!
|
|
|
|
def __eq__(self, other):
|
|
if isinstance(other, Binary):
|
|
other = other.data
|
|
return self.data == other
|
|
|
|
def __ne__(self, other):
|
|
if isinstance(other, Binary):
|
|
other = other.data
|
|
return self.data != other
|
|
|
|
def decode(self, data):
|
|
self.data = base64.decodebytes(data)
|
|
|
|
def encode(self, out):
|
|
out.write("<value><base64>\n")
|
|
encoded = base64.encodebytes(self.data)
|
|
out.write(encoded.decode('ascii'))
|
|
out.write('\n')
|
|
out.write("</base64></value>\n")
|
|
|
|
def _binary(data):
|
|
# decode xml element contents into a Binary structure
|
|
value = Binary()
|
|
value.decode(data)
|
|
return value
|
|
|
|
WRAPPERS = (DateTime, Binary)
|
|
|
|
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# XML parsers
|
|
|
|
class ExpatParser:
|
|
# fast expat parser for Python 2.0 and later.
|
|
def __init__(self, target):
|
|
self._parser = parser = expat.ParserCreate(None, None)
|
|
self._target = target
|
|
parser.StartElementHandler = target.start
|
|
parser.EndElementHandler = target.end
|
|
parser.CharacterDataHandler = target.data
|
|
encoding = None
|
|
target.xml(encoding, None)
|
|
|
|
def feed(self, data):
|
|
self._parser.Parse(data, 0)
|
|
|
|
def close(self):
|
|
self._parser.Parse("", 1) # end of data
|
|
del self._target, self._parser # get rid of circular references
|
|
|
|
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# XML-RPC marshalling and unmarshalling code
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# XML-RPC marshaller.
|
|
#
|
|
# @param encoding Default encoding for 8-bit strings. The default
|
|
# value is None (interpreted as UTF-8).
|
|
# @see dumps
|
|
|
|
class Marshaller:
|
|
"""Generate an XML-RPC params chunk from a Python data structure.
|
|
|
|
Create a Marshaller instance for each set of parameters, and use
|
|
the "dumps" method to convert your data (represented as a tuple)
|
|
to an XML-RPC params chunk. To write a fault response, pass a
|
|
Fault instance instead. You may prefer to use the "dumps" module
|
|
function for this purpose.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
# by the way, if you don't understand what's going on in here,
|
|
# that's perfectly ok.
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, encoding=None, allow_none=False):
|
|
self.memo = {}
|
|
self.data = None
|
|
self.encoding = encoding
|
|
self.allow_none = allow_none
|
|
|
|
dispatch = {}
|
|
|
|
def dumps(self, values):
|
|
out = []
|
|
write = out.append
|
|
dump = self.__dump
|
|
if isinstance(values, Fault):
|
|
# fault instance
|
|
write("<fault>\n")
|
|
dump({'faultCode': values.faultCode,
|
|
'faultString': values.faultString},
|
|
write)
|
|
write("</fault>\n")
|
|
else:
|
|
# parameter block
|
|
# FIXME: the xml-rpc specification allows us to leave out
|
|
# the entire <params> block if there are no parameters.
|
|
# however, changing this may break older code (including
|
|
# old versions of xmlrpclib.py), so this is better left as
|
|
# is for now. See @XMLRPC3 for more information. /F
|
|
write("<params>\n")
|
|
for v in values:
|
|
write("<param>\n")
|
|
dump(v, write)
|
|
write("</param>\n")
|
|
write("</params>\n")
|
|
result = "".join(out)
|
|
return result
|
|
|
|
def __dump(self, value, write):
|
|
try:
|
|
f = self.dispatch[type(value)]
|
|
except KeyError:
|
|
# check if this object can be marshalled as a structure
|
|
if not hasattr(value, '__dict__'):
|
|
raise TypeError("cannot marshal %s objects" % type(value))
|
|
# check if this class is a sub-class of a basic type,
|
|
# because we don't know how to marshal these types
|
|
# (e.g. a string sub-class)
|
|
for type_ in type(value).__mro__:
|
|
if type_ in self.dispatch.keys():
|
|
raise TypeError("cannot marshal %s objects" % type(value))
|
|
# XXX(twouters): using "_arbitrary_instance" as key as a quick-fix
|
|
# for the p3yk merge, this should probably be fixed more neatly.
|
|
f = self.dispatch["_arbitrary_instance"]
|
|
f(self, value, write)
|
|
|
|
def dump_nil (self, value, write):
|
|
if not self.allow_none:
|
|
raise TypeError("cannot marshal None unless allow_none is enabled")
|
|
write("<value><nil/></value>")
|
|
dispatch[type(None)] = dump_nil
|
|
|
|
def dump_int(self, value, write):
|
|
# in case ints are > 32 bits
|
|
if value > MAXINT or value < MININT:
|
|
raise OverflowError("int exceeds XML-RPC limits")
|
|
write("<value><int>")
|
|
write(str(value))
|
|
write("</int></value>\n")
|
|
#dispatch[int] = dump_int
|
|
|
|
def dump_bool(self, value, write):
|
|
write("<value><boolean>")
|
|
write(value and "1" or "0")
|
|
write("</boolean></value>\n")
|
|
dispatch[bool] = dump_bool
|
|
|
|
def dump_long(self, value, write):
|
|
if value > MAXINT or value < MININT:
|
|
raise OverflowError("long int exceeds XML-RPC limits")
|
|
write("<value><int>")
|
|
write(str(int(value)))
|
|
write("</int></value>\n")
|
|
dispatch[int] = dump_long
|
|
|
|
def dump_double(self, value, write):
|
|
write("<value><double>")
|
|
write(repr(value))
|
|
write("</double></value>\n")
|
|
dispatch[float] = dump_double
|
|
|
|
def dump_unicode(self, value, write, escape=escape):
|
|
write("<value><string>")
|
|
write(escape(value))
|
|
write("</string></value>\n")
|
|
dispatch[str] = dump_unicode
|
|
|
|
def dump_array(self, value, write):
|
|
i = id(value)
|
|
if i in self.memo:
|
|
raise TypeError("cannot marshal recursive sequences")
|
|
self.memo[i] = None
|
|
dump = self.__dump
|
|
write("<value><array><data>\n")
|
|
for v in value:
|
|
dump(v, write)
|
|
write("</data></array></value>\n")
|
|
del self.memo[i]
|
|
dispatch[tuple] = dump_array
|
|
dispatch[list] = dump_array
|
|
|
|
def dump_struct(self, value, write, escape=escape):
|
|
i = id(value)
|
|
if i in self.memo:
|
|
raise TypeError("cannot marshal recursive dictionaries")
|
|
self.memo[i] = None
|
|
dump = self.__dump
|
|
write("<value><struct>\n")
|
|
for k, v in value.items():
|
|
write("<member>\n")
|
|
if not isinstance(k, str):
|
|
raise TypeError("dictionary key must be string")
|
|
write("<name>%s</name>\n" % escape(k))
|
|
dump(v, write)
|
|
write("</member>\n")
|
|
write("</struct></value>\n")
|
|
del self.memo[i]
|
|
dispatch[dict] = dump_struct
|
|
|
|
if datetime:
|
|
def dump_datetime(self, value, write):
|
|
write("<value><dateTime.iso8601>")
|
|
write(_strftime(value))
|
|
write("</dateTime.iso8601></value>\n")
|
|
dispatch[datetime.datetime] = dump_datetime
|
|
|
|
def dump_instance(self, value, write):
|
|
# check for special wrappers
|
|
if value.__class__ in WRAPPERS:
|
|
self.write = write
|
|
value.encode(self)
|
|
del self.write
|
|
else:
|
|
# store instance attributes as a struct (really?)
|
|
self.dump_struct(value.__dict__, write)
|
|
dispatch[DateTime] = dump_instance
|
|
dispatch[Binary] = dump_instance
|
|
# XXX(twouters): using "_arbitrary_instance" as key as a quick-fix
|
|
# for the p3yk merge, this should probably be fixed more neatly.
|
|
dispatch["_arbitrary_instance"] = dump_instance
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# XML-RPC unmarshaller.
|
|
#
|
|
# @see loads
|
|
|
|
class Unmarshaller:
|
|
"""Unmarshal an XML-RPC response, based on incoming XML event
|
|
messages (start, data, end). Call close() to get the resulting
|
|
data structure.
|
|
|
|
Note that this reader is fairly tolerant, and gladly accepts bogus
|
|
XML-RPC data without complaining (but not bogus XML).
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
# and again, if you don't understand what's going on in here,
|
|
# that's perfectly ok.
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, use_datetime=False):
|
|
self._type = None
|
|
self._stack = []
|
|
self._marks = []
|
|
self._data = []
|
|
self._methodname = None
|
|
self._encoding = "utf-8"
|
|
self.append = self._stack.append
|
|
self._use_datetime = use_datetime
|
|
if use_datetime and not datetime:
|
|
raise ValueError("the datetime module is not available")
|
|
|
|
def close(self):
|
|
# return response tuple and target method
|
|
if self._type is None or self._marks:
|
|
raise ResponseError()
|
|
if self._type == "fault":
|
|
raise Fault(**self._stack[0])
|
|
return tuple(self._stack)
|
|
|
|
def getmethodname(self):
|
|
return self._methodname
|
|
|
|
#
|
|
# event handlers
|
|
|
|
def xml(self, encoding, standalone):
|
|
self._encoding = encoding
|
|
# FIXME: assert standalone == 1 ???
|
|
|
|
def start(self, tag, attrs):
|
|
# prepare to handle this element
|
|
if tag == "array" or tag == "struct":
|
|
self._marks.append(len(self._stack))
|
|
self._data = []
|
|
self._value = (tag == "value")
|
|
|
|
def data(self, text):
|
|
self._data.append(text)
|
|
|
|
def end(self, tag):
|
|
# call the appropriate end tag handler
|
|
try:
|
|
f = self.dispatch[tag]
|
|
except KeyError:
|
|
pass # unknown tag ?
|
|
else:
|
|
return f(self, "".join(self._data))
|
|
|
|
#
|
|
# accelerator support
|
|
|
|
def end_dispatch(self, tag, data):
|
|
# dispatch data
|
|
try:
|
|
f = self.dispatch[tag]
|
|
except KeyError:
|
|
pass # unknown tag ?
|
|
else:
|
|
return f(self, data)
|
|
|
|
#
|
|
# element decoders
|
|
|
|
dispatch = {}
|
|
|
|
def end_nil (self, data):
|
|
self.append(None)
|
|
self._value = 0
|
|
dispatch["nil"] = end_nil
|
|
|
|
def end_boolean(self, data):
|
|
if data == "0":
|
|
self.append(False)
|
|
elif data == "1":
|
|
self.append(True)
|
|
else:
|
|
raise TypeError("bad boolean value")
|
|
self._value = 0
|
|
dispatch["boolean"] = end_boolean
|
|
|
|
def end_int(self, data):
|
|
self.append(int(data))
|
|
self._value = 0
|
|
dispatch["i4"] = end_int
|
|
dispatch["i8"] = end_int
|
|
dispatch["int"] = end_int
|
|
|
|
def end_double(self, data):
|
|
self.append(float(data))
|
|
self._value = 0
|
|
dispatch["double"] = end_double
|
|
|
|
def end_string(self, data):
|
|
if self._encoding:
|
|
data = data.decode(self._encoding)
|
|
self.append(data)
|
|
self._value = 0
|
|
dispatch["string"] = end_string
|
|
dispatch["name"] = end_string # struct keys are always strings
|
|
|
|
def end_array(self, data):
|
|
mark = self._marks.pop()
|
|
# map arrays to Python lists
|
|
self._stack[mark:] = [self._stack[mark:]]
|
|
self._value = 0
|
|
dispatch["array"] = end_array
|
|
|
|
def end_struct(self, data):
|
|
mark = self._marks.pop()
|
|
# map structs to Python dictionaries
|
|
dict = {}
|
|
items = self._stack[mark:]
|
|
for i in range(0, len(items), 2):
|
|
dict[items[i]] = items[i+1]
|
|
self._stack[mark:] = [dict]
|
|
self._value = 0
|
|
dispatch["struct"] = end_struct
|
|
|
|
def end_base64(self, data):
|
|
value = Binary()
|
|
value.decode(data.encode("ascii"))
|
|
self.append(value)
|
|
self._value = 0
|
|
dispatch["base64"] = end_base64
|
|
|
|
def end_dateTime(self, data):
|
|
value = DateTime()
|
|
value.decode(data)
|
|
if self._use_datetime:
|
|
value = _datetime_type(data)
|
|
self.append(value)
|
|
dispatch["dateTime.iso8601"] = end_dateTime
|
|
|
|
def end_value(self, data):
|
|
# if we stumble upon a value element with no internal
|
|
# elements, treat it as a string element
|
|
if self._value:
|
|
self.end_string(data)
|
|
dispatch["value"] = end_value
|
|
|
|
def end_params(self, data):
|
|
self._type = "params"
|
|
dispatch["params"] = end_params
|
|
|
|
def end_fault(self, data):
|
|
self._type = "fault"
|
|
dispatch["fault"] = end_fault
|
|
|
|
def end_methodName(self, data):
|
|
if self._encoding:
|
|
data = data.decode(self._encoding)
|
|
self._methodname = data
|
|
self._type = "methodName" # no params
|
|
dispatch["methodName"] = end_methodName
|
|
|
|
## Multicall support
|
|
#
|
|
|
|
class _MultiCallMethod:
|
|
# some lesser magic to store calls made to a MultiCall object
|
|
# for batch execution
|
|
def __init__(self, call_list, name):
|
|
self.__call_list = call_list
|
|
self.__name = name
|
|
def __getattr__(self, name):
|
|
return _MultiCallMethod(self.__call_list, "%s.%s" % (self.__name, name))
|
|
def __call__(self, *args):
|
|
self.__call_list.append((self.__name, args))
|
|
|
|
class MultiCallIterator:
|
|
"""Iterates over the results of a multicall. Exceptions are
|
|
raised in response to xmlrpc faults."""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, results):
|
|
self.results = results
|
|
|
|
def __getitem__(self, i):
|
|
item = self.results[i]
|
|
if type(item) == type({}):
|
|
raise Fault(item['faultCode'], item['faultString'])
|
|
elif type(item) == type([]):
|
|
return item[0]
|
|
else:
|
|
raise ValueError("unexpected type in multicall result")
|
|
|
|
class MultiCall:
|
|
"""server -> a object used to boxcar method calls
|
|
|
|
server should be a ServerProxy object.
|
|
|
|
Methods can be added to the MultiCall using normal
|
|
method call syntax e.g.:
|
|
|
|
multicall = MultiCall(server_proxy)
|
|
multicall.add(2,3)
|
|
multicall.get_address("Guido")
|
|
|
|
To execute the multicall, call the MultiCall object e.g.:
|
|
|
|
add_result, address = multicall()
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, server):
|
|
self.__server = server
|
|
self.__call_list = []
|
|
|
|
def __repr__(self):
|
|
return "<MultiCall at %x>" % id(self)
|
|
|
|
__str__ = __repr__
|
|
|
|
def __getattr__(self, name):
|
|
return _MultiCallMethod(self.__call_list, name)
|
|
|
|
def __call__(self):
|
|
marshalled_list = []
|
|
for name, args in self.__call_list:
|
|
marshalled_list.append({'methodName' : name, 'params' : args})
|
|
|
|
return MultiCallIterator(self.__server.system.multicall(marshalled_list))
|
|
|
|
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# convenience functions
|
|
|
|
FastMarshaller = FastParser = FastUnmarshaller = None
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# Create a parser object, and connect it to an unmarshalling instance.
|
|
# This function picks the fastest available XML parser.
|
|
#
|
|
# return A (parser, unmarshaller) tuple.
|
|
|
|
def getparser(use_datetime=False):
|
|
"""getparser() -> parser, unmarshaller
|
|
|
|
Create an instance of the fastest available parser, and attach it
|
|
to an unmarshalling object. Return both objects.
|
|
"""
|
|
if use_datetime and not datetime:
|
|
raise ValueError("the datetime module is not available")
|
|
if FastParser and FastUnmarshaller:
|
|
if use_datetime:
|
|
mkdatetime = _datetime_type
|
|
else:
|
|
mkdatetime = _datetime
|
|
target = FastUnmarshaller(True, False, _binary, mkdatetime, Fault)
|
|
parser = FastParser(target)
|
|
else:
|
|
target = Unmarshaller(use_datetime=use_datetime)
|
|
if FastParser:
|
|
parser = FastParser(target)
|
|
else:
|
|
parser = ExpatParser(target)
|
|
return parser, target
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# Convert a Python tuple or a Fault instance to an XML-RPC packet.
|
|
#
|
|
# @def dumps(params, **options)
|
|
# @param params A tuple or Fault instance.
|
|
# @keyparam methodname If given, create a methodCall request for
|
|
# this method name.
|
|
# @keyparam methodresponse If given, create a methodResponse packet.
|
|
# If used with a tuple, the tuple must be a singleton (that is,
|
|
# it must contain exactly one element).
|
|
# @keyparam encoding The packet encoding.
|
|
# @return A string containing marshalled data.
|
|
|
|
def dumps(params, methodname=None, methodresponse=None, encoding=None,
|
|
allow_none=False):
|
|
"""data [,options] -> marshalled data
|
|
|
|
Convert an argument tuple or a Fault instance to an XML-RPC
|
|
request (or response, if the methodresponse option is used).
|
|
|
|
In addition to the data object, the following options can be given
|
|
as keyword arguments:
|
|
|
|
methodname: the method name for a methodCall packet
|
|
|
|
methodresponse: true to create a methodResponse packet.
|
|
If this option is used with a tuple, the tuple must be
|
|
a singleton (i.e. it can contain only one element).
|
|
|
|
encoding: the packet encoding (default is UTF-8)
|
|
|
|
All 8-bit strings in the data structure are assumed to use the
|
|
packet encoding. Unicode strings are automatically converted,
|
|
where necessary.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
assert isinstance(params, (tuple, Fault)), "argument must be tuple or Fault instance"
|
|
if isinstance(params, Fault):
|
|
methodresponse = 1
|
|
elif methodresponse and isinstance(params, tuple):
|
|
assert len(params) == 1, "response tuple must be a singleton"
|
|
|
|
if not encoding:
|
|
encoding = "utf-8"
|
|
|
|
if FastMarshaller:
|
|
m = FastMarshaller(encoding)
|
|
else:
|
|
m = Marshaller(encoding, allow_none)
|
|
|
|
data = m.dumps(params)
|
|
|
|
if encoding != "utf-8":
|
|
xmlheader = "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='%s'?>\n" % str(encoding)
|
|
else:
|
|
xmlheader = "<?xml version='1.0'?>\n" # utf-8 is default
|
|
|
|
# standard XML-RPC wrappings
|
|
if methodname:
|
|
# a method call
|
|
if not isinstance(methodname, str):
|
|
methodname = methodname.encode(encoding)
|
|
data = (
|
|
xmlheader,
|
|
"<methodCall>\n"
|
|
"<methodName>", methodname, "</methodName>\n",
|
|
data,
|
|
"</methodCall>\n"
|
|
)
|
|
elif methodresponse:
|
|
# a method response, or a fault structure
|
|
data = (
|
|
xmlheader,
|
|
"<methodResponse>\n",
|
|
data,
|
|
"</methodResponse>\n"
|
|
)
|
|
else:
|
|
return data # return as is
|
|
return "".join(data)
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# Convert an XML-RPC packet to a Python object. If the XML-RPC packet
|
|
# represents a fault condition, this function raises a Fault exception.
|
|
#
|
|
# @param data An XML-RPC packet, given as an 8-bit string.
|
|
# @return A tuple containing the unpacked data, and the method name
|
|
# (None if not present).
|
|
# @see Fault
|
|
|
|
def loads(data, use_datetime=False):
|
|
"""data -> unmarshalled data, method name
|
|
|
|
Convert an XML-RPC packet to unmarshalled data plus a method
|
|
name (None if not present).
|
|
|
|
If the XML-RPC packet represents a fault condition, this function
|
|
raises a Fault exception.
|
|
"""
|
|
p, u = getparser(use_datetime=use_datetime)
|
|
p.feed(data)
|
|
p.close()
|
|
return u.close(), u.getmethodname()
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# Encode a string using the gzip content encoding such as specified by the
|
|
# Content-Encoding: gzip
|
|
# in the HTTP header, as described in RFC 1952
|
|
#
|
|
# @param data the unencoded data
|
|
# @return the encoded data
|
|
|
|
def gzip_encode(data):
|
|
"""data -> gzip encoded data
|
|
|
|
Encode data using the gzip content encoding as described in RFC 1952
|
|
"""
|
|
if not gzip:
|
|
raise NotImplementedError
|
|
f = BytesIO()
|
|
gzf = gzip.GzipFile(mode="wb", fileobj=f, compresslevel=1)
|
|
gzf.write(data)
|
|
gzf.close()
|
|
encoded = f.getvalue()
|
|
f.close()
|
|
return encoded
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# Decode a string using the gzip content encoding such as specified by the
|
|
# Content-Encoding: gzip
|
|
# in the HTTP header, as described in RFC 1952
|
|
#
|
|
# @param data The encoded data
|
|
# @return the unencoded data
|
|
# @raises ValueError if data is not correctly coded.
|
|
|
|
def gzip_decode(data):
|
|
"""gzip encoded data -> unencoded data
|
|
|
|
Decode data using the gzip content encoding as described in RFC 1952
|
|
"""
|
|
if not gzip:
|
|
raise NotImplementedError
|
|
f = BytesIO(data)
|
|
gzf = gzip.GzipFile(mode="rb", fileobj=f)
|
|
try:
|
|
decoded = gzf.read()
|
|
except IOError:
|
|
raise ValueError("invalid data")
|
|
f.close()
|
|
gzf.close()
|
|
return decoded
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# Return a decoded file-like object for the gzip encoding
|
|
# as described in RFC 1952.
|
|
#
|
|
# @param response A stream supporting a read() method
|
|
# @return a file-like object that the decoded data can be read() from
|
|
|
|
class GzipDecodedResponse(gzip.GzipFile if gzip else object):
|
|
"""a file-like object to decode a response encoded with the gzip
|
|
method, as described in RFC 1952.
|
|
"""
|
|
def __init__(self, response):
|
|
#response doesn't support tell() and read(), required by
|
|
#GzipFile
|
|
if not gzip:
|
|
raise NotImplementedError
|
|
self.io = BytesIO(response.read())
|
|
gzip.GzipFile.__init__(self, mode="rb", fileobj=self.io)
|
|
|
|
def close(self):
|
|
gzip.GzipFile.close(self)
|
|
self.io.close()
|
|
|
|
|
|
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# request dispatcher
|
|
|
|
class _Method:
|
|
# some magic to bind an XML-RPC method to an RPC server.
|
|
# supports "nested" methods (e.g. examples.getStateName)
|
|
def __init__(self, send, name):
|
|
self.__send = send
|
|
self.__name = name
|
|
def __getattr__(self, name):
|
|
return _Method(self.__send, "%s.%s" % (self.__name, name))
|
|
def __call__(self, *args):
|
|
return self.__send(self.__name, args)
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# Standard transport class for XML-RPC over HTTP.
|
|
# <p>
|
|
# You can create custom transports by subclassing this method, and
|
|
# overriding selected methods.
|
|
|
|
class Transport:
|
|
"""Handles an HTTP transaction to an XML-RPC server."""
|
|
|
|
# client identifier (may be overridden)
|
|
user_agent = "xmlrpclib.py/%s (by www.pythonware.com)" % __version__
|
|
|
|
#if true, we'll request gzip encoding
|
|
accept_gzip_encoding = True
|
|
|
|
# if positive, encode request using gzip if it exceeds this threshold
|
|
# note that many server will get confused, so only use it if you know
|
|
# that they can decode such a request
|
|
encode_threshold = None #None = don't encode
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, use_datetime=False):
|
|
self._use_datetime = use_datetime
|
|
self._connection = (None, None)
|
|
self._extra_headers = []
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# Send a complete request, and parse the response.
|
|
# Retry request if a cached connection has disconnected.
|
|
#
|
|
# @param host Target host.
|
|
# @param handler Target PRC handler.
|
|
# @param request_body XML-RPC request body.
|
|
# @param verbose Debugging flag.
|
|
# @return Parsed response.
|
|
|
|
def request(self, host, handler, request_body, verbose=False):
|
|
#retry request once if cached connection has gone cold
|
|
for i in (0, 1):
|
|
try:
|
|
return self.single_request(host, handler, request_body, verbose)
|
|
except socket.error as e:
|
|
if i or e.errno not in (errno.ECONNRESET, errno.ECONNABORTED, errno.EPIPE):
|
|
raise
|
|
except http.client.BadStatusLine: #close after we sent request
|
|
if i:
|
|
raise
|
|
|
|
def single_request(self, host, handler, request_body, verbose=False):
|
|
# issue XML-RPC request
|
|
try:
|
|
http_conn = self.send_request(host, handler, request_body, verbose)
|
|
resp = http_conn.getresponse()
|
|
if resp.status == 200:
|
|
self.verbose = verbose
|
|
return self.parse_response(resp)
|
|
|
|
except Fault:
|
|
raise
|
|
except Exception:
|
|
#All unexpected errors leave connection in
|
|
# a strange state, so we clear it.
|
|
self.close()
|
|
raise
|
|
|
|
#We got an error response.
|
|
#Discard any response data and raise exception
|
|
if resp.getheader("content-length", ""):
|
|
resp.read()
|
|
raise ProtocolError(
|
|
host + handler,
|
|
resp.status, resp.reason,
|
|
dict(resp.getheaders())
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# Create parser.
|
|
#
|
|
# @return A 2-tuple containing a parser and a unmarshaller.
|
|
|
|
def getparser(self):
|
|
# get parser and unmarshaller
|
|
return getparser(use_datetime=self._use_datetime)
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# Get authorization info from host parameter
|
|
# Host may be a string, or a (host, x509-dict) tuple; if a string,
|
|
# it is checked for a "user:pw@host" format, and a "Basic
|
|
# Authentication" header is added if appropriate.
|
|
#
|
|
# @param host Host descriptor (URL or (URL, x509 info) tuple).
|
|
# @return A 3-tuple containing (actual host, extra headers,
|
|
# x509 info). The header and x509 fields may be None.
|
|
|
|
def get_host_info(self, host):
|
|
|
|
x509 = {}
|
|
if isinstance(host, tuple):
|
|
host, x509 = host
|
|
|
|
import urllib.parse
|
|
auth, host = urllib.parse.splituser(host)
|
|
|
|
if auth:
|
|
auth = urllib.parse.unquote_to_bytes(auth)
|
|
auth = base64.encodebytes(auth).decode("utf-8")
|
|
auth = "".join(auth.split()) # get rid of whitespace
|
|
extra_headers = [
|
|
("Authorization", "Basic " + auth)
|
|
]
|
|
else:
|
|
extra_headers = []
|
|
|
|
return host, extra_headers, x509
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# Connect to server.
|
|
#
|
|
# @param host Target host.
|
|
# @return An HTTPConnection object
|
|
|
|
def make_connection(self, host):
|
|
#return an existing connection if possible. This allows
|
|
#HTTP/1.1 keep-alive.
|
|
if self._connection and host == self._connection[0]:
|
|
return self._connection[1]
|
|
# create a HTTP connection object from a host descriptor
|
|
chost, self._extra_headers, x509 = self.get_host_info(host)
|
|
self._connection = host, http.client.HTTPConnection(chost)
|
|
return self._connection[1]
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# Clear any cached connection object.
|
|
# Used in the event of socket errors.
|
|
#
|
|
def close(self):
|
|
if self._connection[1]:
|
|
self._connection[1].close()
|
|
self._connection = (None, None)
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# Send HTTP request.
|
|
#
|
|
# @param host Host descriptor (URL or (URL, x509 info) tuple).
|
|
# @param handler Targer RPC handler (a path relative to host)
|
|
# @param request_body The XML-RPC request body
|
|
# @param debug Enable debugging if debug is true.
|
|
# @return An HTTPConnection.
|
|
|
|
def send_request(self, host, handler, request_body, debug):
|
|
connection = self.make_connection(host)
|
|
headers = self._extra_headers[:]
|
|
if debug:
|
|
connection.set_debuglevel(1)
|
|
if self.accept_gzip_encoding and gzip:
|
|
connection.putrequest("POST", handler, skip_accept_encoding=True)
|
|
headers.append(("Accept-Encoding", "gzip"))
|
|
else:
|
|
connection.putrequest("POST", handler)
|
|
headers.append(("Content-Type", "text/xml"))
|
|
headers.append(("User-Agent", self.user_agent))
|
|
self.send_headers(connection, headers)
|
|
self.send_content(connection, request_body)
|
|
return connection
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# Send request headers.
|
|
# This function provides a useful hook for subclassing
|
|
#
|
|
# @param connection httpConnection.
|
|
# @param headers list of key,value pairs for HTTP headers
|
|
|
|
def send_headers(self, connection, headers):
|
|
for key, val in headers:
|
|
connection.putheader(key, val)
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# Send request body.
|
|
# This function provides a useful hook for subclassing
|
|
#
|
|
# @param connection httpConnection.
|
|
# @param request_body XML-RPC request body.
|
|
|
|
def send_content(self, connection, request_body):
|
|
#optionally encode the request
|
|
if (self.encode_threshold is not None and
|
|
self.encode_threshold < len(request_body) and
|
|
gzip):
|
|
connection.putheader("Content-Encoding", "gzip")
|
|
request_body = gzip_encode(request_body)
|
|
|
|
connection.putheader("Content-Length", str(len(request_body)))
|
|
connection.endheaders(request_body)
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# Parse response.
|
|
#
|
|
# @param file Stream.
|
|
# @return Response tuple and target method.
|
|
|
|
def parse_response(self, response):
|
|
# read response data from httpresponse, and parse it
|
|
# Check for new http response object, otherwise it is a file object.
|
|
if hasattr(response, 'getheader'):
|
|
if response.getheader("Content-Encoding", "") == "gzip":
|
|
stream = GzipDecodedResponse(response)
|
|
else:
|
|
stream = response
|
|
else:
|
|
stream = response
|
|
|
|
p, u = self.getparser()
|
|
|
|
while 1:
|
|
data = stream.read(1024)
|
|
if not data:
|
|
break
|
|
if self.verbose:
|
|
print("body:", repr(data))
|
|
p.feed(data)
|
|
|
|
if stream is not response:
|
|
stream.close()
|
|
p.close()
|
|
|
|
return u.close()
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# Standard transport class for XML-RPC over HTTPS.
|
|
|
|
class SafeTransport(Transport):
|
|
"""Handles an HTTPS transaction to an XML-RPC server."""
|
|
|
|
# FIXME: mostly untested
|
|
|
|
def make_connection(self, host):
|
|
if self._connection and host == self._connection[0]:
|
|
return self._connection[1]
|
|
|
|
if not hasattr(http.client, "HTTPSConnection"):
|
|
raise NotImplementedError(
|
|
"your version of http.client doesn't support HTTPS")
|
|
# create a HTTPS connection object from a host descriptor
|
|
# host may be a string, or a (host, x509-dict) tuple
|
|
chost, self._extra_headers, x509 = self.get_host_info(host)
|
|
self._connection = host, http.client.HTTPSConnection(chost,
|
|
None, **(x509 or {}))
|
|
return self._connection[1]
|
|
|
|
##
|
|
# Standard server proxy. This class establishes a virtual connection
|
|
# to an XML-RPC server.
|
|
# <p>
|
|
# This class is available as ServerProxy and Server. New code should
|
|
# use ServerProxy, to avoid confusion.
|
|
#
|
|
# @def ServerProxy(uri, **options)
|
|
# @param uri The connection point on the server.
|
|
# @keyparam transport A transport factory, compatible with the
|
|
# standard transport class.
|
|
# @keyparam encoding The default encoding used for 8-bit strings
|
|
# (default is UTF-8).
|
|
# @keyparam verbose Use a true value to enable debugging output.
|
|
# (printed to standard output).
|
|
# @see Transport
|
|
|
|
class ServerProxy:
|
|
"""uri [,options] -> a logical connection to an XML-RPC server
|
|
|
|
uri is the connection point on the server, given as
|
|
scheme://host/target.
|
|
|
|
The standard implementation always supports the "http" scheme. If
|
|
SSL socket support is available (Python 2.0), it also supports
|
|
"https".
|
|
|
|
If the target part and the slash preceding it are both omitted,
|
|
"/RPC2" is assumed.
|
|
|
|
The following options can be given as keyword arguments:
|
|
|
|
transport: a transport factory
|
|
encoding: the request encoding (default is UTF-8)
|
|
|
|
All 8-bit strings passed to the server proxy are assumed to use
|
|
the given encoding.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, uri, transport=None, encoding=None, verbose=False,
|
|
allow_none=False, use_datetime=False):
|
|
# establish a "logical" server connection
|
|
|
|
# get the url
|
|
import urllib.parse
|
|
type, uri = urllib.parse.splittype(uri)
|
|
if type not in ("http", "https"):
|
|
raise IOError("unsupported XML-RPC protocol")
|
|
self.__host, self.__handler = urllib.parse.splithost(uri)
|
|
if not self.__handler:
|
|
self.__handler = "/RPC2"
|
|
|
|
if transport is None:
|
|
if type == "https":
|
|
transport = SafeTransport(use_datetime=use_datetime)
|
|
else:
|
|
transport = Transport(use_datetime=use_datetime)
|
|
self.__transport = transport
|
|
|
|
self.__encoding = encoding or 'utf-8'
|
|
self.__verbose = verbose
|
|
self.__allow_none = allow_none
|
|
|
|
def __close(self):
|
|
self.__transport.close()
|
|
|
|
def __request(self, methodname, params):
|
|
# call a method on the remote server
|
|
|
|
request = dumps(params, methodname, encoding=self.__encoding,
|
|
allow_none=self.__allow_none).encode(self.__encoding)
|
|
|
|
response = self.__transport.request(
|
|
self.__host,
|
|
self.__handler,
|
|
request,
|
|
verbose=self.__verbose
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
if len(response) == 1:
|
|
response = response[0]
|
|
|
|
return response
|
|
|
|
def __repr__(self):
|
|
return (
|
|
"<ServerProxy for %s%s>" %
|
|
(self.__host, self.__handler)
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
__str__ = __repr__
|
|
|
|
def __getattr__(self, name):
|
|
# magic method dispatcher
|
|
return _Method(self.__request, name)
|
|
|
|
# note: to call a remote object with an non-standard name, use
|
|
# result getattr(server, "strange-python-name")(args)
|
|
|
|
def __call__(self, attr):
|
|
"""A workaround to get special attributes on the ServerProxy
|
|
without interfering with the magic __getattr__
|
|
"""
|
|
if attr == "close":
|
|
return self.__close
|
|
elif attr == "transport":
|
|
return self.__transport
|
|
raise AttributeError("Attribute %r not found" % (attr,))
|
|
|
|
# compatibility
|
|
|
|
Server = ServerProxy
|
|
|
|
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# test code
|
|
|
|
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
|
|
|
# simple test program (from the XML-RPC specification)
|
|
|
|
# server = ServerProxy("http://localhost:8000") # local server
|
|
server = ServerProxy("http://time.xmlrpc.com/RPC2")
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
print(server.currentTime.getCurrentTime())
|
|
except Error as v:
|
|
print("ERROR", v)
|
|
|
|
# The server at xmlrpc.com doesn't seem to support multicall anymore.
|
|
multi = MultiCall(server)
|
|
multi.currentTime.getCurrentTime()
|
|
multi.currentTime.getCurrentTime()
|
|
try:
|
|
for response in multi():
|
|
print(response)
|
|
except Error as v:
|
|
print("ERROR", v)
|