241 lines
7.1 KiB
ReStructuredText
241 lines
7.1 KiB
ReStructuredText
:mod:`plistlib` --- Generate and parse Mac OS X ``.plist`` files
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================================================================
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.. module:: plistlib
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:synopsis: Generate and parse Mac OS X plist files.
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.. moduleauthor:: Jack Jansen
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.. sectionauthor:: Georg Brandl <georg@python.org>
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.. (harvested from docstrings in the original file)
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**Source code:** :source:`Lib/plistlib.py`
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.. index::
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pair: plist; file
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single: property list
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--------------
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This module provides an interface for reading and writing the "property list"
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files used mainly by Mac OS X and supports both binary and XML plist files.
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The property list (``.plist``) file format is a simple serialization supporting
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basic object types, like dictionaries, lists, numbers and strings. Usually the
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top level object is a dictionary.
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To write out and to parse a plist file, use the :func:`dump` and
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:func:`load` functions.
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To work with plist data in bytes objects, use :func:`dumps`
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and :func:`loads`.
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Values can be strings, integers, floats, booleans, tuples, lists, dictionaries
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(but only with string keys), :class:`Data`, :class:`bytes`, :class:`bytesarray`
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or :class:`datetime.datetime` objects.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.4
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New API, old API deprecated. Support for binary format plists added.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.8
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Support added for reading and writing :class:`UID` tokens in binary plists as used
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by NSKeyedArchiver and NSKeyedUnarchiver.
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.. seealso::
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`PList manual page <https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/PropertyLists/>`_
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Apple's documentation of the file format.
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This module defines the following functions:
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.. function:: load(fp, \*, fmt=None, use_builtin_types=True, dict_type=dict)
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Read a plist file. *fp* should be a readable and binary file object.
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Return the unpacked root object (which usually is a
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dictionary).
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The *fmt* is the format of the file and the following values are valid:
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* :data:`None`: Autodetect the file format
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* :data:`FMT_XML`: XML file format
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* :data:`FMT_BINARY`: Binary plist format
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If *use_builtin_types* is true (the default) binary data will be returned
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as instances of :class:`bytes`, otherwise it is returned as instances of
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:class:`Data`.
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The *dict_type* is the type used for dictionaries that are read from the
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plist file.
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XML data for the :data:`FMT_XML` format is parsed using the Expat parser
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from :mod:`xml.parsers.expat` -- see its documentation for possible
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exceptions on ill-formed XML. Unknown elements will simply be ignored
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by the plist parser.
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The parser for the binary format raises :exc:`InvalidFileException`
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when the file cannot be parsed.
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.. versionadded:: 3.4
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.. function:: loads(data, \*, fmt=None, use_builtin_types=True, dict_type=dict)
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Load a plist from a bytes object. See :func:`load` for an explanation of
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the keyword arguments.
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.. versionadded:: 3.4
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.. function:: dump(value, fp, \*, fmt=FMT_XML, sort_keys=True, skipkeys=False)
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Write *value* to a plist file. *Fp* should be a writable, binary
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file object.
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The *fmt* argument specifies the format of the plist file and can be
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one of the following values:
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* :data:`FMT_XML`: XML formatted plist file
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* :data:`FMT_BINARY`: Binary formatted plist file
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When *sort_keys* is true (the default) the keys for dictionaries will be
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written to the plist in sorted order, otherwise they will be written in
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the iteration order of the dictionary.
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When *skipkeys* is false (the default) the function raises :exc:`TypeError`
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when a key of a dictionary is not a string, otherwise such keys are skipped.
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A :exc:`TypeError` will be raised if the object is of an unsupported type or
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a container that contains objects of unsupported types.
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An :exc:`OverflowError` will be raised for integer values that cannot
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be represented in (binary) plist files.
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.. versionadded:: 3.4
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.. function:: dumps(value, \*, fmt=FMT_XML, sort_keys=True, skipkeys=False)
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Return *value* as a plist-formatted bytes object. See
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the documentation for :func:`dump` for an explanation of the keyword
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arguments of this function.
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.. versionadded:: 3.4
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The following functions are deprecated:
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.. function:: readPlist(pathOrFile)
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Read a plist file. *pathOrFile* may be either a file name or a (readable
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and binary) file object. Returns the unpacked root object (which usually
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is a dictionary).
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This function calls :func:`load` to do the actual work, see the documentation
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of :func:`that function <load>` for an explanation of the keyword arguments.
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.. deprecated:: 3.4 Use :func:`load` instead.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.7
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Dict values in the result are now normal dicts. You no longer can use
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attribute access to access items of these dictionaries.
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.. function:: writePlist(rootObject, pathOrFile)
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Write *rootObject* to an XML plist file. *pathOrFile* may be either a file name
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or a (writable and binary) file object
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.. deprecated:: 3.4 Use :func:`dump` instead.
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.. function:: readPlistFromBytes(data)
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Read a plist data from a bytes object. Return the root object.
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See :func:`load` for a description of the keyword arguments.
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.. deprecated:: 3.4 Use :func:`loads` instead.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.7
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Dict values in the result are now normal dicts. You no longer can use
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attribute access to access items of these dictionaries.
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.. function:: writePlistToBytes(rootObject)
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Return *rootObject* as an XML plist-formatted bytes object.
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.. deprecated:: 3.4 Use :func:`dumps` instead.
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The following classes are available:
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.. class:: Data(data)
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Return a "data" wrapper object around the bytes object *data*. This is used
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in functions converting from/to plists to represent the ``<data>`` type
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available in plists.
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It has one attribute, :attr:`data`, that can be used to retrieve the Python
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bytes object stored in it.
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.. deprecated:: 3.4 Use a :class:`bytes` object instead.
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.. class:: UID(data)
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Wraps an :class:`int`. This is used when reading or writing NSKeyedArchiver
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encoded data, which contains UID (see PList manual).
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It has one attribute, :attr:`data`, which can be used to retrieve the int value
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of the UID. :attr:`data` must be in the range `0 <= data < 2**64`.
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.. versionadded:: 3.8
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The following constants are available:
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.. data:: FMT_XML
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The XML format for plist files.
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.. versionadded:: 3.4
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.. data:: FMT_BINARY
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The binary format for plist files
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.. versionadded:: 3.4
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Examples
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--------
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Generating a plist::
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pl = dict(
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aString = "Doodah",
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aList = ["A", "B", 12, 32.1, [1, 2, 3]],
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aFloat = 0.1,
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anInt = 728,
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aDict = dict(
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anotherString = "<hello & hi there!>",
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aThirdString = "M\xe4ssig, Ma\xdf",
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aTrueValue = True,
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aFalseValue = False,
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),
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someData = b"<binary gunk>",
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someMoreData = b"<lots of binary gunk>" * 10,
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aDate = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(time.mktime(time.gmtime())),
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)
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with open(fileName, 'wb') as fp:
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dump(pl, fp)
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Parsing a plist::
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with open(fileName, 'rb') as fp:
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pl = load(fp)
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print(pl["aKey"])
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