"""Core implementation of import. This module is NOT meant to be directly imported! It has been designed such that it can be bootstrapped into Python as the implementation of import. As such it requires the injection of specific modules and attributes in order to work. One should use importlib as the public-facing version of this module. """ # Injected modules are '_warnings', 'imp', 'sys', 'marshal', 'errno', '_io', # and '_os' (a.k.a. 'posix', 'nt' or 'os2'). # Injected attribute is path_sep. # # When editing this code be aware that code executed at import time CANNOT # reference any injected objects! This includes not only global code but also # anything specified at the class level. # Bootstrap-related code ###################################################### # XXX Could also expose Modules/getpath.c:joinpath() def _path_join(*args): """Replacement for os.path.join.""" return path_sep.join(x[:-len(path_sep)] if x.endswith(path_sep) else x for x in args if x) def _path_exists(path): """Replacement for os.path.exists.""" try: _os.stat(path) except OSError: return False else: return True def _path_is_mode_type(path, mode): """Test whether the path is the specified mode type.""" try: stat_info = _os.stat(path) except OSError: return False return (stat_info.st_mode & 0o170000) == mode # XXX Could also expose Modules/getpath.c:isfile() def _path_isfile(path): """Replacement for os.path.isfile.""" return _path_is_mode_type(path, 0o100000) # XXX Could also expose Modules/getpath.c:isdir() def _path_isdir(path): """Replacement for os.path.isdir.""" if not path: path = _os.getcwd() return _path_is_mode_type(path, 0o040000) def _path_without_ext(path, ext_type): """Replacement for os.path.splitext()[0].""" for suffix in _suffix_list(ext_type): if path.endswith(suffix): return path[:-len(suffix)] else: raise ValueError("path is not of the specified type") def _path_absolute(path): """Replacement for os.path.abspath.""" if not path: path = _os.getcwd() try: return _os._getfullpathname(path) except AttributeError: if path.startswith('/'): return path else: return _path_join(_os.getcwd(), path) def _write_atomic(path, data): """Best-effort function to write data to a path atomically. Be prepared to handle a FileExistsError if concurrent writing of the temporary file is attempted.""" if not sys.platform.startswith('win'): # On POSIX-like platforms, renaming is atomic path_tmp = path + '.tmp' try: fd = _os.open(path_tmp, _os.O_EXCL | _os.O_CREAT | _os.O_WRONLY) with _io.FileIO(fd, 'wb') as file: file.write(data) _os.rename(path_tmp, path) except OSError: try: _os.unlink(path_tmp) except OSError: pass raise else: with _io.FileIO(path, 'wb') as file: file.write(data) def _wrap(new, old): """Simple substitute for functools.wraps.""" for replace in ['__module__', '__name__', '__doc__']: setattr(new, replace, getattr(old, replace)) new.__dict__.update(old.__dict__) code_type = type(_wrap.__code__) # Finder/loader utility code ################################################## def set_package(fxn): """Set __package__ on the returned module.""" def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): module = fxn(*args, **kwargs) if not hasattr(module, '__package__') or module.__package__ is None: module.__package__ = module.__name__ if not hasattr(module, '__path__'): module.__package__ = module.__package__.rpartition('.')[0] return module _wrap(wrapper, fxn) return wrapper def set_loader(fxn): """Set __loader__ on the returned module.""" def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs): module = fxn(self, *args, **kwargs) if not hasattr(module, '__loader__'): module.__loader__ = self return module _wrap(wrapper, fxn) return wrapper def module_for_loader(fxn): """Decorator to handle selecting the proper module for loaders. The decorated function is passed the module to use instead of the module name. The module passed in to the function is either from sys.modules if it already exists or is a new module which has __name__ set and is inserted into sys.modules. If an exception is raised and the decorator created the module it is subsequently removed from sys.modules. The decorator assumes that the decorated function takes the module name as the second argument. """ def decorated(self, fullname, *args, **kwargs): module = sys.modules.get(fullname) is_reload = bool(module) if not is_reload: # This must be done before open() is called as the 'io' module # implicitly imports 'locale' and would otherwise trigger an # infinite loop. module = imp.new_module(fullname) sys.modules[fullname] = module try: return fxn(self, module, *args, **kwargs) except: if not is_reload: del sys.modules[fullname] raise _wrap(decorated, fxn) return decorated def _check_name(method): """Decorator to verify that the module being requested matches the one the loader can handle. The first argument (self) must define _name which the second argument is compared against. If the comparison fails then ImportError is raised. """ def inner(self, name, *args, **kwargs): if self._name != name: raise ImportError("loader cannot handle %s" % name) return method(self, name, *args, **kwargs) _wrap(inner, method) return inner def _requires_builtin(fxn): """Decorator to verify the named module is built-in.""" def wrapper(self, fullname): if fullname not in sys.builtin_module_names: raise ImportError("{0} is not a built-in module".format(fullname)) return fxn(self, fullname) _wrap(wrapper, fxn) return wrapper def _requires_frozen(fxn): """Decorator to verify the named module is frozen.""" def wrapper(self, fullname): if not imp.is_frozen(fullname): raise ImportError("{0} is not a frozen module".format(fullname)) return fxn(self, fullname) _wrap(wrapper, fxn) return wrapper def _suffix_list(suffix_type): """Return a list of file suffixes based on the imp file type.""" return [suffix[0] for suffix in imp.get_suffixes() if suffix[2] == suffix_type] # Loaders ##################################################################### class BuiltinImporter: """Meta path import for built-in modules. All methods are either class or static methods to avoid the need to instantiate the class. """ @classmethod def find_module(cls, fullname, path=None): """Find the built-in module. If 'path' is ever specified then the search is considered a failure. """ if path is not None: return None return cls if imp.is_builtin(fullname) else None @classmethod @set_package @set_loader @_requires_builtin def load_module(cls, fullname): """Load a built-in module.""" is_reload = fullname in sys.modules try: return imp.init_builtin(fullname) except: if not is_reload and fullname in sys.modules: del sys.modules[fullname] raise @classmethod @_requires_builtin def get_code(cls, fullname): """Return None as built-in modules do not have code objects.""" return None @classmethod @_requires_builtin def get_source(cls, fullname): """Return None as built-in modules do not have source code.""" return None @classmethod @_requires_builtin def is_package(cls, fullname): """Return None as built-in modules are never packages.""" return False class FrozenImporter: """Meta path import for frozen modules. All methods are either class or static methods to avoid the need to instantiate the class. """ @classmethod def find_module(cls, fullname, path=None): """Find a frozen module.""" return cls if imp.is_frozen(fullname) else None @classmethod @set_package @set_loader @_requires_frozen def load_module(cls, fullname): """Load a frozen module.""" is_reload = fullname in sys.modules try: return imp.init_frozen(fullname) except: if not is_reload and fullname in sys.modules: del sys.modules[fullname] raise @classmethod @_requires_frozen def get_code(cls, fullname): """Return the code object for the frozen module.""" return imp.get_frozen_object(fullname) @classmethod @_requires_frozen def get_source(cls, fullname): """Return None as frozen modules do not have source code.""" return None @classmethod @_requires_frozen def is_package(cls, fullname): """Return if the frozen module is a package.""" return imp.is_frozen_package(fullname) class _LoaderBasics: """Base class of common code needed by both SourceLoader and _SourcelessFileLoader.""" def is_package(self, fullname): """Concrete implementation of InspectLoader.is_package by checking if the path returned by get_filename has a filename of '__init__.py'.""" filename = self.get_filename(fullname).rpartition(path_sep)[2] return filename.rsplit('.', 1)[0] == '__init__' def _bytes_from_bytecode(self, fullname, data, source_mtime): """Return the marshalled bytes from bytecode, verifying the magic number and timestamp along the way. If source_mtime is None then skip the timestamp check. """ magic = data[:4] raw_timestamp = data[4:8] if len(magic) != 4 or magic != imp.get_magic(): raise ImportError("bad magic number in {}".format(fullname)) elif len(raw_timestamp) != 4: raise EOFError("bad timestamp in {}".format(fullname)) elif source_mtime is not None: if marshal._r_long(raw_timestamp) != source_mtime: raise ImportError("bytecode is stale for {}".format(fullname)) # Can't return the code object as errors from marshal loading need to # propagate even when source is available. return data[8:] @module_for_loader def _load_module(self, module, *, sourceless=False): """Helper for load_module able to handle either source or sourceless loading.""" name = module.__name__ code_object = self.get_code(name) module.__file__ = self.get_filename(name) if not sourceless: module.__cached__ = imp.cache_from_source(module.__file__) else: module.__cached__ = module.__file__ module.__package__ = name if self.is_package(name): module.__path__ = [module.__file__.rsplit(path_sep, 1)[0]] else: module.__package__ = module.__package__.rpartition('.')[0] module.__loader__ = self exec(code_object, module.__dict__) return module class SourceLoader(_LoaderBasics): def path_mtime(self, path): """Optional method that returns the modification time (an int) for the specified path, where path is a str. Implementing this method allows the loader to read bytecode files. """ raise NotImplementedError def set_data(self, path, data): """Optional method which writes data (bytes) to a file path (a str). Implementing this method allows for the writing of bytecode files. """ raise NotImplementedError def get_source(self, fullname): """Concrete implementation of InspectLoader.get_source.""" import tokenize path = self.get_filename(fullname) try: source_bytes = self.get_data(path) except IOError: raise ImportError("source not available through get_data()") encoding = tokenize.detect_encoding(_io.BytesIO(source_bytes).readline) newline_decoder = _io.IncrementalNewlineDecoder(None, True) return newline_decoder.decode(source_bytes.decode(encoding[0])) def get_code(self, fullname): """Concrete implementation of InspectLoader.get_code. Reading of bytecode requires path_mtime to be implemented. To write bytecode, set_data must also be implemented. """ source_path = self.get_filename(fullname) bytecode_path = imp.cache_from_source(source_path) source_mtime = None if bytecode_path is not None: try: source_mtime = self.path_mtime(source_path) except NotImplementedError: pass else: try: data = self.get_data(bytecode_path) except IOError: pass else: try: bytes_data = self._bytes_from_bytecode(fullname, data, source_mtime) except (ImportError, EOFError): pass else: found = marshal.loads(bytes_data) if isinstance(found, code_type): imp._fix_co_filename(found, source_path) return found else: msg = "Non-code object in {}" raise ImportError(msg.format(bytecode_path)) source_bytes = self.get_data(source_path) code_object = compile(source_bytes, source_path, 'exec', dont_inherit=True) if (not sys.dont_write_bytecode and bytecode_path is not None and source_mtime is not None): # If e.g. Jython ever implements imp.cache_from_source to have # their own cached file format, this block of code will most likely # throw an exception. data = bytearray(imp.get_magic()) data.extend(marshal._w_long(source_mtime)) data.extend(marshal.dumps(code_object)) try: self.set_data(bytecode_path, data) except NotImplementedError: pass return code_object def load_module(self, fullname): """Concrete implementation of Loader.load_module. Requires ExecutionLoader.get_filename and ResourceLoader.get_data to be implemented to load source code. Use of bytecode is dictated by whether get_code uses/writes bytecode. """ return self._load_module(fullname) class _FileLoader: """Base file loader class which implements the loader protocol methods that require file system usage.""" def __init__(self, fullname, path): """Cache the module name and the path to the file found by the finder.""" self._name = fullname self._path = path @_check_name def get_filename(self, fullname): """Return the path to the source file as found by the finder.""" return self._path def get_data(self, path): """Return the data from path as raw bytes.""" with _io.FileIO(path, 'r') as file: return file.read() class _SourceFileLoader(_FileLoader, SourceLoader): """Concrete implementation of SourceLoader using the file system.""" def path_mtime(self, path): """Return the modification time for the path.""" return int(_os.stat(path).st_mtime) def set_data(self, path, data): """Write bytes data to a file.""" parent, _, filename = path.rpartition(path_sep) path_parts = [] # Figure out what directories are missing. while parent and not _path_isdir(parent): parent, _, part = parent.rpartition(path_sep) path_parts.append(part) # Create needed directories. for part in reversed(path_parts): parent = _path_join(parent, part) try: _os.mkdir(parent) except OSError as exc: # Probably another Python process already created the dir. if exc.errno == errno.EEXIST: continue else: raise except IOError as exc: # If can't get proper access, then just forget about writing # the data. if exc.errno == errno.EACCES: return else: raise try: _write_atomic(path, data) except (PermissionError, FileExistsError): # Don't worry if you can't write bytecode or someone is writing # it at the same time. pass class _SourcelessFileLoader(_FileLoader, _LoaderBasics): """Loader which handles sourceless file imports.""" def load_module(self, fullname): return self._load_module(fullname, sourceless=True) def get_code(self, fullname): path = self.get_filename(fullname) data = self.get_data(path) bytes_data = self._bytes_from_bytecode(fullname, data, None) found = marshal.loads(bytes_data) if isinstance(found, code_type): return found else: raise ImportError("Non-code object in {}".format(path)) def get_source(self, fullname): """Return None as there is no source code.""" return None class _ExtensionFileLoader: """Loader for extension modules. The constructor is designed to work with FileFinder. """ def __init__(self, name, path): """Initialize the loader. If is_pkg is True then an exception is raised as extension modules cannot be the __init__ module for an extension module. """ self._name = name self._path = path @_check_name @set_package @set_loader def load_module(self, fullname): """Load an extension module.""" is_reload = fullname in sys.modules try: return imp.load_dynamic(fullname, self._path) except: if not is_reload and fullname in sys.modules: del sys.modules[fullname] raise @_check_name def is_package(self, fullname): """Return False as an extension module can never be a package.""" return False @_check_name def get_code(self, fullname): """Return None as an extension module cannot create a code object.""" return None @_check_name def get_source(self, fullname): """Return None as extension modules have no source code.""" return None # Finders ##################################################################### class PathFinder: """Meta path finder for sys.(path|path_hooks|path_importer_cache).""" @classmethod def _path_hooks(cls, path, hooks=None): """Search sequence of hooks for a finder for 'path'. If 'hooks' is false then use sys.path_hooks. """ if not hooks: hooks = sys.path_hooks for hook in hooks: try: return hook(path) except ImportError: continue else: raise ImportError("no path hook found for {0}".format(path)) @classmethod def _path_importer_cache(cls, path, default=None): """Get the finder for the path from sys.path_importer_cache. If the path is not in the cache, find the appropriate finder and cache it. If None is cached, get the default finder and cache that (if applicable). Because of NullImporter, some finder should be returned. The only explicit fail case is if None is cached but the path cannot be used for the default hook, for which ImportError is raised. """ try: finder = sys.path_importer_cache[path] except KeyError: finder = cls._path_hooks(path) sys.path_importer_cache[path] = finder else: if finder is None and default: # Raises ImportError on failure. finder = default(path) sys.path_importer_cache[path] = finder return finder @classmethod def find_module(cls, fullname, path=None): """Find the module on sys.path or 'path' based on sys.path_hooks and sys.path_importer_cache.""" if not path: path = sys.path for entry in path: try: finder = cls._path_importer_cache(entry) except ImportError: continue if finder: loader = finder.find_module(fullname) if loader: return loader else: return None class _FileFinder: """File-based finder. Constructor takes a list of objects detailing what file extensions their loader supports along with whether it can be used for a package. """ def __init__(self, path, *details): """Initialize with finder details.""" packages = [] modules = [] for detail in details: modules.extend((suffix, detail.loader) for suffix in detail.suffixes) if detail.supports_packages: packages.extend((suffix, detail.loader) for suffix in detail.suffixes) self.packages = packages self.modules = modules self.path = path def find_module(self, fullname): """Try to find a loader for the specified module.""" tail_module = fullname.rpartition('.')[2] base_path = _path_join(self.path, tail_module) if _path_isdir(base_path) and _case_ok(self.path, tail_module): for suffix, loader in self.packages: init_filename = '__init__' + suffix full_path = _path_join(base_path, init_filename) if (_path_isfile(full_path) and _case_ok(base_path, init_filename)): return loader(fullname, full_path) else: msg = "Not importing directory {}: missing __init__" _warnings.warn(msg.format(base_path), ImportWarning) for suffix, loader in self.modules: mod_filename = tail_module + suffix full_path = _path_join(self.path, mod_filename) if _path_isfile(full_path) and _case_ok(self.path, mod_filename): return loader(fullname, full_path) return None class _SourceFinderDetails: loader = _SourceFileLoader supports_packages = True def __init__(self): self.suffixes = _suffix_list(imp.PY_SOURCE) class _SourcelessFinderDetails: loader = _SourcelessFileLoader supports_packages = True def __init__(self): self.suffixes = _suffix_list(imp.PY_COMPILED) class _ExtensionFinderDetails: loader = _ExtensionFileLoader supports_packages = False def __init__(self): self.suffixes = _suffix_list(imp.C_EXTENSION) # Import itself ############################################################### def _file_path_hook(path): """If the path is a directory, return a file-based finder.""" if _path_isdir(path): return _FileFinder(path, _ExtensionFinderDetails(), _SourceFinderDetails(), _SourcelessFinderDetails()) else: raise ImportError("only directories are supported") _DEFAULT_PATH_HOOK = _file_path_hook class _DefaultPathFinder(PathFinder): """Subclass of PathFinder that implements implicit semantics for __import__.""" @classmethod def _path_hooks(cls, path): """Search sys.path_hooks as well as implicit path hooks.""" try: return super()._path_hooks(path) except ImportError: implicit_hooks = [_DEFAULT_PATH_HOOK, imp.NullImporter] return super()._path_hooks(path, implicit_hooks) @classmethod def _path_importer_cache(cls, path): """Use the default path hook when None is stored in sys.path_importer_cache.""" return super()._path_importer_cache(path, _DEFAULT_PATH_HOOK) class _ImportLockContext: """Context manager for the import lock.""" def __enter__(self): """Acquire the import lock.""" imp.acquire_lock() def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback): """Release the import lock regardless of any raised exceptions.""" imp.release_lock() _IMPLICIT_META_PATH = [BuiltinImporter, FrozenImporter, _DefaultPathFinder] _ERR_MSG = 'No module named {!r}' def _gcd_import(name, package=None, level=0): """Import and return the module based on its name, the package the call is being made from, and the level adjustment. This function represents the greatest common denominator of functionality between import_module and __import__. This includes setting __package__ if the loader did not. """ if package: if not hasattr(package, 'rindex'): raise ValueError("__package__ not set to a string") elif package not in sys.modules: msg = ("Parent module {0!r} not loaded, cannot perform relative " "import") raise SystemError(msg.format(package)) if not name and level == 0: raise ValueError("Empty module name") if level > 0: dot = len(package) for x in range(level, 1, -1): try: dot = package.rindex('.', 0, dot) except ValueError: raise ValueError("attempted relative import beyond " "top-level package") if name: name = "{0}.{1}".format(package[:dot], name) else: name = package[:dot] with _ImportLockContext(): try: module = sys.modules[name] if module is None: message = ("import of {} halted; " "None in sys.modules".format(name)) raise ImportError(message) return module except KeyError: pass parent = name.rpartition('.')[0] path = None if parent: if parent not in sys.modules: _gcd_import(parent) # Backwards-compatibility; be nicer to skip the dict lookup. parent_module = sys.modules[parent] try: path = parent_module.__path__ except AttributeError: msg = (_ERR_MSG + '; {} is not a package').format(name, parent) raise ImportError(msg) meta_path = sys.meta_path + _IMPLICIT_META_PATH for finder in meta_path: loader = finder.find_module(name, path) if loader is not None: loader.load_module(name) break else: raise ImportError(_ERR_MSG.format(name)) # Backwards-compatibility; be nicer to skip the dict lookup. module = sys.modules[name] if parent: # Set the module as an attribute on its parent. setattr(parent_module, name.rpartition('.')[2], module) # Set __package__ if the loader did not. if not hasattr(module, '__package__') or module.__package__ is None: # Watch out for what comes out of sys.modules to not be a module, # e.g. an int. try: module.__package__ = module.__name__ if not hasattr(module, '__path__'): module.__package__ = module.__package__.rpartition('.')[0] except AttributeError: pass return module def __import__(name, globals={}, locals={}, fromlist=[], level=0): """Import a module. The 'globals' argument is used to infer where the import is occuring from to handle relative imports. The 'locals' argument is ignored. The 'fromlist' argument specifies what should exist as attributes on the module being imported (e.g. ``from module import ``). The 'level' argument represents the package location to import from in a relative import (e.g. ``from ..pkg import mod`` would have a 'level' of 2). """ if not hasattr(name, 'rpartition'): raise TypeError("module name must be str, not {}".format(type(name))) if level == 0: module = _gcd_import(name) else: # __package__ is not guaranteed to be defined or could be set to None # to represent that its proper value is unknown package = globals.get('__package__') if package is None: package = globals['__name__'] if '__path__' not in globals: package = package.rpartition('.')[0] module = _gcd_import(name, package, level) # The hell that is fromlist ... if not fromlist: # Return up to the first dot in 'name'. This is complicated by the fact # that 'name' may be relative. if level == 0: return sys.modules[name.partition('.')[0]] elif not name: return module else: cut_off = len(name) - len(name.partition('.')[0]) return sys.modules[module.__name__[:-cut_off]] else: # If a package was imported, try to import stuff from fromlist. if hasattr(module, '__path__'): if '*' in fromlist and hasattr(module, '__all__'): fromlist = list(fromlist) fromlist.remove('*') fromlist.extend(module.__all__) for x in (y for y in fromlist if not hasattr(module,y)): try: _gcd_import('{0}.{1}'.format(module.__name__, x)) except ImportError: pass return module