"""Base implementation of event loop. The event loop can be broken up into a multiplexer (the part responsible for notifying us of IO events) and the event loop proper, which wraps a multiplexer with functionality for scheduling callbacks, immediately or at a given time in the future. Whenever a public API takes a callback, subsequent positional arguments will be passed to the callback if/when it is called. This avoids the proliferation of trivial lambdas implementing closures. Keyword arguments for the callback are not supported; this is a conscious design decision, leaving the door open for keyword arguments to modify the meaning of the API call itself. """ import collections import concurrent.futures import heapq import inspect import logging import socket import subprocess import time import os import sys from . import events from . import futures from . import tasks from .log import logger __all__ = ['BaseEventLoop', 'Server'] # Argument for default thread pool executor creation. _MAX_WORKERS = 5 def _format_handle(handle): cb = handle._callback if inspect.ismethod(cb) and isinstance(cb.__self__, tasks.Task): # format the task return repr(cb.__self__) else: return str(handle) class _StopError(BaseException): """Raised to stop the event loop.""" def _check_resolved_address(sock, address): # Ensure that the address is already resolved to avoid the trap of hanging # the entire event loop when the address requires doing a DNS lookup. family = sock.family if family == socket.AF_INET: host, port = address elif family == socket.AF_INET6: host, port = address[:2] else: return type_mask = 0 if hasattr(socket, 'SOCK_NONBLOCK'): type_mask |= socket.SOCK_NONBLOCK if hasattr(socket, 'SOCK_CLOEXEC'): type_mask |= socket.SOCK_CLOEXEC # Use getaddrinfo(AI_NUMERICHOST) to ensure that the address is # already resolved. try: socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family=family, type=(sock.type & ~type_mask), proto=sock.proto, flags=socket.AI_NUMERICHOST) except socket.gaierror as err: raise ValueError("address must be resolved (IP address), got %r: %s" % (address, err)) def _raise_stop_error(*args): raise _StopError class Server(events.AbstractServer): def __init__(self, loop, sockets): self.loop = loop self.sockets = sockets self.active_count = 0 self.waiters = [] def attach(self, transport): assert self.sockets is not None self.active_count += 1 def detach(self, transport): assert self.active_count > 0 self.active_count -= 1 if self.active_count == 0 and self.sockets is None: self._wakeup() def close(self): sockets = self.sockets if sockets is not None: self.sockets = None for sock in sockets: self.loop._stop_serving(sock) if self.active_count == 0: self._wakeup() def _wakeup(self): waiters = self.waiters self.waiters = None for waiter in waiters: if not waiter.done(): waiter.set_result(waiter) @tasks.coroutine def wait_closed(self): if self.sockets is None or self.waiters is None: return waiter = futures.Future(loop=self.loop) self.waiters.append(waiter) yield from waiter class BaseEventLoop(events.AbstractEventLoop): def __init__(self): self._closed = False self._ready = collections.deque() self._scheduled = [] self._default_executor = None self._internal_fds = 0 self._running = False self._clock_resolution = time.get_clock_info('monotonic').resolution self._exception_handler = None self._debug = (not sys.flags.ignore_environment and bool(os.environ.get('PYTHONASYNCIODEBUG'))) # In debug mode, if the execution of a callback or a step of a task # exceed this duration in seconds, the slow callback/task is logged. self.slow_callback_duration = 0.1 def __repr__(self): return ('<%s running=%s closed=%s debug=%s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.is_running(), self.is_closed(), self.get_debug())) def _make_socket_transport(self, sock, protocol, waiter=None, *, extra=None, server=None): """Create socket transport.""" raise NotImplementedError def _make_ssl_transport(self, rawsock, protocol, sslcontext, waiter, *, server_side=False, server_hostname=None, extra=None, server=None): """Create SSL transport.""" raise NotImplementedError def _make_datagram_transport(self, sock, protocol, address=None, extra=None): """Create datagram transport.""" raise NotImplementedError def _make_read_pipe_transport(self, pipe, protocol, waiter=None, extra=None): """Create read pipe transport.""" raise NotImplementedError def _make_write_pipe_transport(self, pipe, protocol, waiter=None, extra=None): """Create write pipe transport.""" raise NotImplementedError @tasks.coroutine def _make_subprocess_transport(self, protocol, args, shell, stdin, stdout, stderr, bufsize, extra=None, **kwargs): """Create subprocess transport.""" raise NotImplementedError def _read_from_self(self): """XXX""" raise NotImplementedError def _write_to_self(self): """XXX""" raise NotImplementedError def _process_events(self, event_list): """Process selector events.""" raise NotImplementedError def _check_closed(self): if self._closed: raise RuntimeError('Event loop is closed') def run_forever(self): """Run until stop() is called.""" self._check_closed() if self._running: raise RuntimeError('Event loop is running.') self._running = True try: while True: try: self._run_once() except _StopError: break finally: self._running = False def run_until_complete(self, future): """Run until the Future is done. If the argument is a coroutine, it is wrapped in a Task. XXX TBD: It would be disastrous to call run_until_complete() with the same coroutine twice -- it would wrap it in two different Tasks and that can't be good. Return the Future's result, or raise its exception. """ self._check_closed() future = tasks.async(future, loop=self) future.add_done_callback(_raise_stop_error) self.run_forever() future.remove_done_callback(_raise_stop_error) if not future.done(): raise RuntimeError('Event loop stopped before Future completed.') return future.result() def stop(self): """Stop running the event loop. Every callback scheduled before stop() is called will run. Callback scheduled after stop() is called won't. However, those callbacks will run if run() is called again later. """ self.call_soon(_raise_stop_error) def close(self): """Close the event loop. This clears the queues and shuts down the executor, but does not wait for the executor to finish. The event loop must not be running. """ if self._running: raise RuntimeError("cannot close a running event loop") if self._closed: return self._closed = True self._ready.clear() self._scheduled.clear() executor = self._default_executor if executor is not None: self._default_executor = None executor.shutdown(wait=False) def is_closed(self): """Returns True if the event loop was closed.""" return self._closed def is_running(self): """Returns running status of event loop.""" return self._running def time(self): """Return the time according to the event loop's clock.""" return time.monotonic() def call_later(self, delay, callback, *args): """Arrange for a callback to be called at a given time. Return a Handle: an opaque object with a cancel() method that can be used to cancel the call. The delay can be an int or float, expressed in seconds. It is always a relative time. Each callback will be called exactly once. If two callbacks are scheduled for exactly the same time, it undefined which will be called first. Any positional arguments after the callback will be passed to the callback when it is called. """ return self.call_at(self.time() + delay, callback, *args) def call_at(self, when, callback, *args): """Like call_later(), but uses an absolute time.""" if tasks.iscoroutinefunction(callback): raise TypeError("coroutines cannot be used with call_at()") if self._debug: self._assert_is_current_event_loop() timer = events.TimerHandle(when, callback, args, self) heapq.heappush(self._scheduled, timer) return timer def call_soon(self, callback, *args): """Arrange for a callback to be called as soon as possible. This operates as a FIFO queue, callbacks are called in the order in which they are registered. Each callback will be called exactly once. Any positional arguments after the callback will be passed to the callback when it is called. """ return self._call_soon(callback, args, check_loop=True) def _call_soon(self, callback, args, check_loop): if tasks.iscoroutinefunction(callback): raise TypeError("coroutines cannot be used with call_soon()") if self._debug and check_loop: self._assert_is_current_event_loop() handle = events.Handle(callback, args, self) self._ready.append(handle) return handle def _assert_is_current_event_loop(self): """Asserts that this event loop is the current event loop. Non-threadsafe methods of this class make this assumption and will likely behave incorrectly when the assumption is violated. Should only be called when (self._debug == True). The caller is responsible for checking this condition for performance reasons. """ try: current = events.get_event_loop() except AssertionError: return if current is not self: raise RuntimeError( "non-threadsafe operation invoked on an event loop other " "than the current one") def call_soon_threadsafe(self, callback, *args): """Like call_soon(), but thread safe.""" handle = self._call_soon(callback, args, check_loop=False) self._write_to_self() return handle def run_in_executor(self, executor, callback, *args): if tasks.iscoroutinefunction(callback): raise TypeError("coroutines cannot be used with run_in_executor()") if isinstance(callback, events.Handle): assert not args assert not isinstance(callback, events.TimerHandle) if callback._cancelled: f = futures.Future(loop=self) f.set_result(None) return f callback, args = callback._callback, callback._args if executor is None: executor = self._default_executor if executor is None: executor = concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(_MAX_WORKERS) self._default_executor = executor return futures.wrap_future(executor.submit(callback, *args), loop=self) def set_default_executor(self, executor): self._default_executor = executor def getaddrinfo(self, host, port, *, family=0, type=0, proto=0, flags=0): return self.run_in_executor(None, socket.getaddrinfo, host, port, family, type, proto, flags) def getnameinfo(self, sockaddr, flags=0): return self.run_in_executor(None, socket.getnameinfo, sockaddr, flags) @tasks.coroutine def create_connection(self, protocol_factory, host=None, port=None, *, ssl=None, family=0, proto=0, flags=0, sock=None, local_addr=None, server_hostname=None): """Connect to a TCP server. Create a streaming transport connection to a given Internet host and port: socket family AF_INET or socket.AF_INET6 depending on host (or family if specified), socket type SOCK_STREAM. protocol_factory must be a callable returning a protocol instance. This method is a coroutine which will try to establish the connection in the background. When successful, the coroutine returns a (transport, protocol) pair. """ if server_hostname is not None and not ssl: raise ValueError('server_hostname is only meaningful with ssl') if server_hostname is None and ssl: # Use host as default for server_hostname. It is an error # if host is empty or not set, e.g. when an # already-connected socket was passed or when only a port # is given. To avoid this error, you can pass # server_hostname='' -- this will bypass the hostname # check. (This also means that if host is a numeric # IP/IPv6 address, we will attempt to verify that exact # address; this will probably fail, but it is possible to # create a certificate for a specific IP address, so we # don't judge it here.) if not host: raise ValueError('You must set server_hostname ' 'when using ssl without a host') server_hostname = host if host is not None or port is not None: if sock is not None: raise ValueError( 'host/port and sock can not be specified at the same time') f1 = self.getaddrinfo( host, port, family=family, type=socket.SOCK_STREAM, proto=proto, flags=flags) fs = [f1] if local_addr is not None: f2 = self.getaddrinfo( *local_addr, family=family, type=socket.SOCK_STREAM, proto=proto, flags=flags) fs.append(f2) else: f2 = None yield from tasks.wait(fs, loop=self) infos = f1.result() if not infos: raise OSError('getaddrinfo() returned empty list') if f2 is not None: laddr_infos = f2.result() if not laddr_infos: raise OSError('getaddrinfo() returned empty list') exceptions = [] for family, type, proto, cname, address in infos: try: sock = socket.socket(family=family, type=type, proto=proto) sock.setblocking(False) if f2 is not None: for _, _, _, _, laddr in laddr_infos: try: sock.bind(laddr) break except OSError as exc: exc = OSError( exc.errno, 'error while ' 'attempting to bind on address ' '{!r}: {}'.format( laddr, exc.strerror.lower())) exceptions.append(exc) else: sock.close() sock = None continue yield from self.sock_connect(sock, address) except OSError as exc: if sock is not None: sock.close() exceptions.append(exc) except: if sock is not None: sock.close() raise else: break else: if len(exceptions) == 1: raise exceptions[0] else: # If they all have the same str(), raise one. model = str(exceptions[0]) if all(str(exc) == model for exc in exceptions): raise exceptions[0] # Raise a combined exception so the user can see all # the various error messages. raise OSError('Multiple exceptions: {}'.format( ', '.join(str(exc) for exc in exceptions))) elif sock is None: raise ValueError( 'host and port was not specified and no sock specified') sock.setblocking(False) transport, protocol = yield from self._create_connection_transport( sock, protocol_factory, ssl, server_hostname) return transport, protocol @tasks.coroutine def _create_connection_transport(self, sock, protocol_factory, ssl, server_hostname): protocol = protocol_factory() waiter = futures.Future(loop=self) if ssl: sslcontext = None if isinstance(ssl, bool) else ssl transport = self._make_ssl_transport( sock, protocol, sslcontext, waiter, server_side=False, server_hostname=server_hostname) else: transport = self._make_socket_transport(sock, protocol, waiter) yield from waiter return transport, protocol @tasks.coroutine def create_datagram_endpoint(self, protocol_factory, local_addr=None, remote_addr=None, *, family=0, proto=0, flags=0): """Create datagram connection.""" if not (local_addr or remote_addr): if family == 0: raise ValueError('unexpected address family') addr_pairs_info = (((family, proto), (None, None)),) else: # join addresss by (family, protocol) addr_infos = collections.OrderedDict() for idx, addr in ((0, local_addr), (1, remote_addr)): if addr is not None: assert isinstance(addr, tuple) and len(addr) == 2, ( '2-tuple is expected') infos = yield from self.getaddrinfo( *addr, family=family, type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM, proto=proto, flags=flags) if not infos: raise OSError('getaddrinfo() returned empty list') for fam, _, pro, _, address in infos: key = (fam, pro) if key not in addr_infos: addr_infos[key] = [None, None] addr_infos[key][idx] = address # each addr has to have info for each (family, proto) pair addr_pairs_info = [ (key, addr_pair) for key, addr_pair in addr_infos.items() if not ((local_addr and addr_pair[0] is None) or (remote_addr and addr_pair[1] is None))] if not addr_pairs_info: raise ValueError('can not get address information') exceptions = [] for ((family, proto), (local_address, remote_address)) in addr_pairs_info: sock = None r_addr = None try: sock = socket.socket( family=family, type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM, proto=proto) sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) sock.setblocking(False) if local_addr: sock.bind(local_address) if remote_addr: yield from self.sock_connect(sock, remote_address) r_addr = remote_address except OSError as exc: if sock is not None: sock.close() exceptions.append(exc) except: if sock is not None: sock.close() raise else: break else: raise exceptions[0] protocol = protocol_factory() transport = self._make_datagram_transport(sock, protocol, r_addr) return transport, protocol @tasks.coroutine def create_server(self, protocol_factory, host=None, port=None, *, family=socket.AF_UNSPEC, flags=socket.AI_PASSIVE, sock=None, backlog=100, ssl=None, reuse_address=None): """Create a TCP server bound to host and port. Return an AbstractServer object which can be used to stop the service. This method is a coroutine. """ if isinstance(ssl, bool): raise TypeError('ssl argument must be an SSLContext or None') if host is not None or port is not None: if sock is not None: raise ValueError( 'host/port and sock can not be specified at the same time') AF_INET6 = getattr(socket, 'AF_INET6', 0) if reuse_address is None: reuse_address = os.name == 'posix' and sys.platform != 'cygwin' sockets = [] if host == '': host = None infos = yield from self.getaddrinfo( host, port, family=family, type=socket.SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, flags=flags) if not infos: raise OSError('getaddrinfo() returned empty list') completed = False try: for res in infos: af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res try: sock = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto) except socket.error: # Assume it's a bad family/type/protocol combination. continue sockets.append(sock) if reuse_address: sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, True) # Disable IPv4/IPv6 dual stack support (enabled by # default on Linux) which makes a single socket # listen on both address families. if af == AF_INET6 and hasattr(socket, 'IPPROTO_IPV6'): sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IPV6, socket.IPV6_V6ONLY, True) try: sock.bind(sa) except OSError as err: raise OSError(err.errno, 'error while attempting ' 'to bind on address %r: %s' % (sa, err.strerror.lower())) completed = True finally: if not completed: for sock in sockets: sock.close() else: if sock is None: raise ValueError( 'host and port was not specified and no sock specified') sockets = [sock] server = Server(self, sockets) for sock in sockets: sock.listen(backlog) sock.setblocking(False) self._start_serving(protocol_factory, sock, ssl, server) return server @tasks.coroutine def connect_read_pipe(self, protocol_factory, pipe): protocol = protocol_factory() waiter = futures.Future(loop=self) transport = self._make_read_pipe_transport(pipe, protocol, waiter) yield from waiter return transport, protocol @tasks.coroutine def connect_write_pipe(self, protocol_factory, pipe): protocol = protocol_factory() waiter = futures.Future(loop=self) transport = self._make_write_pipe_transport(pipe, protocol, waiter) yield from waiter return transport, protocol @tasks.coroutine def subprocess_shell(self, protocol_factory, cmd, *, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=False, shell=True, bufsize=0, **kwargs): if not isinstance(cmd, (bytes, str)): raise ValueError("cmd must be a string") if universal_newlines: raise ValueError("universal_newlines must be False") if not shell: raise ValueError("shell must be True") if bufsize != 0: raise ValueError("bufsize must be 0") protocol = protocol_factory() transport = yield from self._make_subprocess_transport( protocol, cmd, True, stdin, stdout, stderr, bufsize, **kwargs) return transport, protocol @tasks.coroutine def subprocess_exec(self, protocol_factory, program, *args, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=False, shell=False, bufsize=0, **kwargs): if universal_newlines: raise ValueError("universal_newlines must be False") if shell: raise ValueError("shell must be False") if bufsize != 0: raise ValueError("bufsize must be 0") popen_args = (program,) + args for arg in popen_args: if not isinstance(arg, (str, bytes)): raise TypeError("program arguments must be " "a bytes or text string, not %s" % type(arg).__name__) protocol = protocol_factory() transport = yield from self._make_subprocess_transport( protocol, popen_args, False, stdin, stdout, stderr, bufsize, **kwargs) return transport, protocol def set_exception_handler(self, handler): """Set handler as the new event loop exception handler. If handler is None, the default exception handler will be set. If handler is a callable object, it should have a matching signature to '(loop, context)', where 'loop' will be a reference to the active event loop, 'context' will be a dict object (see `call_exception_handler()` documentation for details about context). """ if handler is not None and not callable(handler): raise TypeError('A callable object or None is expected, ' 'got {!r}'.format(handler)) self._exception_handler = handler def default_exception_handler(self, context): """Default exception handler. This is called when an exception occurs and no exception handler is set, and can be called by a custom exception handler that wants to defer to the default behavior. context parameter has the same meaning as in `call_exception_handler()`. """ message = context.get('message') if not message: message = 'Unhandled exception in event loop' exception = context.get('exception') if exception is not None: exc_info = (type(exception), exception, exception.__traceback__) else: exc_info = False log_lines = [message] for key in sorted(context): if key in {'message', 'exception'}: continue log_lines.append('{}: {!r}'.format(key, context[key])) logger.error('\n'.join(log_lines), exc_info=exc_info) def call_exception_handler(self, context): """Call the current event loop exception handler. context is a dict object containing the following keys (new keys maybe introduced later): - 'message': Error message; - 'exception' (optional): Exception object; - 'future' (optional): Future instance; - 'handle' (optional): Handle instance; - 'protocol' (optional): Protocol instance; - 'transport' (optional): Transport instance; - 'socket' (optional): Socket instance. Note: this method should not be overloaded in subclassed event loops. For any custom exception handling, use `set_exception_handler()` method. """ if self._exception_handler is None: try: self.default_exception_handler(context) except Exception: # Second protection layer for unexpected errors # in the default implementation, as well as for subclassed # event loops with overloaded "default_exception_handler". logger.error('Exception in default exception handler', exc_info=True) else: try: self._exception_handler(self, context) except Exception as exc: # Exception in the user set custom exception handler. try: # Let's try default handler. self.default_exception_handler({ 'message': 'Unhandled error in exception handler', 'exception': exc, 'context': context, }) except Exception: # Guard 'default_exception_handler' in case it's # overloaded. logger.error('Exception in default exception handler ' 'while handling an unexpected error ' 'in custom exception handler', exc_info=True) def _add_callback(self, handle): """Add a Handle to ready or scheduled.""" assert isinstance(handle, events.Handle), 'A Handle is required here' if handle._cancelled: return if isinstance(handle, events.TimerHandle): heapq.heappush(self._scheduled, handle) else: self._ready.append(handle) def _add_callback_signalsafe(self, handle): """Like _add_callback() but called from a signal handler.""" self._add_callback(handle) self._write_to_self() def _run_once(self): """Run one full iteration of the event loop. This calls all currently ready callbacks, polls for I/O, schedules the resulting callbacks, and finally schedules 'call_later' callbacks. """ # Remove delayed calls that were cancelled from head of queue. while self._scheduled and self._scheduled[0]._cancelled: heapq.heappop(self._scheduled) timeout = None if self._ready: timeout = 0 elif self._scheduled: # Compute the desired timeout. when = self._scheduled[0]._when timeout = max(0, when - self.time()) if self._debug: t0 = self.time() event_list = self._selector.select(timeout) dt = self.time() - t0 if dt >= 1: level = logging.INFO else: level = logging.DEBUG if timeout is not None: logger.log(level, 'poll %.3f took %.3f seconds', timeout, dt) else: logger.log(level, 'poll took %.3f seconds', dt) else: event_list = self._selector.select(timeout) self._process_events(event_list) # Handle 'later' callbacks that are ready. end_time = self.time() + self._clock_resolution while self._scheduled: handle = self._scheduled[0] if handle._when >= end_time: break handle = heapq.heappop(self._scheduled) self._ready.append(handle) # This is the only place where callbacks are actually *called*. # All other places just add them to ready. # Note: We run all currently scheduled callbacks, but not any # callbacks scheduled by callbacks run this time around -- # they will be run the next time (after another I/O poll). # Use an idiom that is threadsafe without using locks. ntodo = len(self._ready) for i in range(ntodo): handle = self._ready.popleft() if handle._cancelled: continue if self._debug: t0 = self.time() handle._run() dt = self.time() - t0 if dt >= self.slow_callback_duration: logger.warning('Executing %s took %.3f seconds', _format_handle(handle), dt) else: handle._run() handle = None # Needed to break cycles when an exception occurs. def get_debug(self): return self._debug def set_debug(self, enabled): self._debug = enabled