# Python test set -- built-in functions import platform import unittest from test.test_support import fcmp, have_unicode, TESTFN, unlink, \ run_unittest, check_py3k_warnings import warnings from operator import neg import sys, cStringIO, random, UserDict # count the number of test runs. # used to skip running test_execfile() multiple times # and to create unique strings to intern in test_intern() numruns = 0 class Squares: def __init__(self, max): self.max = max self.sofar = [] def __len__(self): return len(self.sofar) def __getitem__(self, i): if not 0 <= i < self.max: raise IndexError n = len(self.sofar) while n <= i: self.sofar.append(n*n) n += 1 return self.sofar[i] class StrSquares: def __init__(self, max): self.max = max self.sofar = [] def __len__(self): return len(self.sofar) def __getitem__(self, i): if not 0 <= i < self.max: raise IndexError n = len(self.sofar) while n <= i: self.sofar.append(str(n*n)) n += 1 return self.sofar[i] class BitBucket: def write(self, line): pass class TestFailingBool: def __nonzero__(self): raise RuntimeError class TestFailingIter: def __iter__(self): raise RuntimeError class BuiltinTest(unittest.TestCase): def test_import(self): __import__('sys') __import__('time') __import__('string') __import__(name='sys') __import__(name='time', level=0) self.assertRaises(ImportError, __import__, 'spamspam') self.assertRaises(TypeError, __import__, 1, 2, 3, 4) self.assertRaises(ValueError, __import__, '') self.assertRaises(TypeError, __import__, 'sys', name='sys') def test_abs(self): # int self.assertEqual(abs(0), 0) self.assertEqual(abs(1234), 1234) self.assertEqual(abs(-1234), 1234) self.assertTrue(abs(-sys.maxint-1) > 0) # float self.assertEqual(abs(0.0), 0.0) self.assertEqual(abs(3.14), 3.14) self.assertEqual(abs(-3.14), 3.14) # long self.assertEqual(abs(0L), 0L) self.assertEqual(abs(1234L), 1234L) self.assertEqual(abs(-1234L), 1234L) # str self.assertRaises(TypeError, abs, 'a') # bool self.assertEqual(abs(True), 1) self.assertEqual(abs(False), 0) # other self.assertRaises(TypeError, abs) self.assertRaises(TypeError, abs, None) class AbsClass(object): def __abs__(self): return -5 self.assertEqual(abs(AbsClass()), -5) def test_all(self): self.assertEqual(all([2, 4, 6]), True) self.assertEqual(all([2, None, 6]), False) self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, all, [2, TestFailingBool(), 6]) self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, all, TestFailingIter()) self.assertRaises(TypeError, all, 10) # Non-iterable self.assertRaises(TypeError, all) # No args self.assertRaises(TypeError, all, [2, 4, 6], []) # Too many args self.assertEqual(all([]), True) # Empty iterator self.assertEqual(all([0, TestFailingBool()]), False)# Short-circuit S = [50, 60] self.assertEqual(all(x > 42 for x in S), True) S = [50, 40, 60] self.assertEqual(all(x > 42 for x in S), False) def test_any(self): self.assertEqual(any([None, None, None]), False) self.assertEqual(any([None, 4, None]), True) self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, any, [None, TestFailingBool(), 6]) self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, any, TestFailingIter()) self.assertRaises(TypeError, any, 10) # Non-iterable self.assertRaises(TypeError, any) # No args self.assertRaises(TypeError, any, [2, 4, 6], []) # Too many args self.assertEqual(any([]), False) # Empty iterator self.assertEqual(any([1, TestFailingBool()]), True) # Short-circuit S = [40, 60, 30] self.assertEqual(any(x > 42 for x in S), True) S = [10, 20, 30] self.assertEqual(any(x > 42 for x in S), False) def test_neg(self): x = -sys.maxint-1 self.assertTrue(isinstance(x, int)) self.assertEqual(-x, sys.maxint+1) def test_apply(self): def f0(*args): self.assertEqual(args, ()) def f1(a1): self.assertEqual(a1, 1) def f2(a1, a2): self.assertEqual(a1, 1) self.assertEqual(a2, 2) def f3(a1, a2, a3): self.assertEqual(a1, 1) self.assertEqual(a2, 2) self.assertEqual(a3, 3) apply(f0, ()) apply(f1, (1,)) apply(f2, (1, 2)) apply(f3, (1, 2, 3)) # A PyCFunction that takes only positional parameters should allow an # empty keyword dictionary to pass without a complaint, but raise a # TypeError if the dictionary is non-empty. apply(id, (1,), {}) self.assertRaises(TypeError, apply, id, (1,), {"foo": 1}) self.assertRaises(TypeError, apply) self.assertRaises(TypeError, apply, id, 42) self.assertRaises(TypeError, apply, id, (42,), 42) def test_callable(self): self.assertTrue(callable(len)) self.assertFalse(callable("a")) self.assertTrue(callable(callable)) self.assertTrue(callable(lambda x, y: x + y)) self.assertFalse(callable(__builtins__)) def f(): pass self.assertTrue(callable(f)) class Classic: def meth(self): pass self.assertTrue(callable(Classic)) c = Classic() self.assertTrue(callable(c.meth)) self.assertFalse(callable(c)) class NewStyle(object): def meth(self): pass self.assertTrue(callable(NewStyle)) n = NewStyle() self.assertTrue(callable(n.meth)) self.assertFalse(callable(n)) # Classic and new-style classes evaluate __call__() differently c.__call__ = None self.assertTrue(callable(c)) del c.__call__ self.assertFalse(callable(c)) n.__call__ = None self.assertFalse(callable(n)) del n.__call__ self.assertFalse(callable(n)) class N2(object): def __call__(self): pass n2 = N2() self.assertTrue(callable(n2)) class N3(N2): pass n3 = N3() self.assertTrue(callable(n3)) def test_chr(self): self.assertEqual(chr(32), ' ') self.assertEqual(chr(65), 'A') self.assertEqual(chr(97), 'a') self.assertEqual(chr(0xff), '\xff') self.assertRaises(ValueError, chr, 256) self.assertRaises(TypeError, chr) def test_cmp(self): self.assertEqual(cmp(-1, 1), -1) self.assertEqual(cmp(1, -1), 1) self.assertEqual(cmp(1, 1), 0) # verify that circular objects are not handled a = []; a.append(a) b = []; b.append(b) from UserList import UserList c = UserList(); c.append(c) self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, cmp, a, b) self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, cmp, b, c) self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, cmp, c, a) self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, cmp, a, c) # okay, now break the cycles a.pop(); b.pop(); c.pop() self.assertRaises(TypeError, cmp) def test_coerce(self): self.assertTrue(not fcmp(coerce(1, 1.1), (1.0, 1.1))) self.assertEqual(coerce(1, 1L), (1L, 1L)) self.assertTrue(not fcmp(coerce(1L, 1.1), (1.0, 1.1))) self.assertRaises(TypeError, coerce) class BadNumber: def __coerce__(self, other): raise ValueError self.assertRaises(ValueError, coerce, 42, BadNumber()) self.assertRaises(OverflowError, coerce, 0.5, int("12345" * 1000)) def test_compile(self): compile('print 1\n', '', 'exec') bom = '\xef\xbb\xbf' compile(bom + 'print 1\n', '', 'exec') compile(source='pass', filename='?', mode='exec') compile(dont_inherit=0, filename='tmp', source='0', mode='eval') compile('pass', '?', dont_inherit=1, mode='exec') self.assertRaises(TypeError, compile) self.assertRaises(ValueError, compile, 'print 42\n', '', 'badmode') self.assertRaises(ValueError, compile, 'print 42\n', '', 'single', 0xff) self.assertRaises(TypeError, compile, chr(0), 'f', 'exec') self.assertRaises(TypeError, compile, 'pass', '?', 'exec', mode='eval', source='0', filename='tmp') if have_unicode: compile(unicode('print u"\xc3\xa5"\n', 'utf8'), '', 'exec') self.assertRaises(TypeError, compile, unichr(0), 'f', 'exec') self.assertRaises(ValueError, compile, unicode('a = 1'), 'f', 'bad') def test_delattr(self): import sys sys.spam = 1 delattr(sys, 'spam') self.assertRaises(TypeError, delattr) def test_dir(self): # dir(wrong number of arguments) self.assertRaises(TypeError, dir, 42, 42) # dir() - local scope local_var = 1 self.assertIn('local_var', dir()) # dir(module) import sys self.assertIn('exit', dir(sys)) # dir(module_with_invalid__dict__) import types class Foo(types.ModuleType): __dict__ = 8 f = Foo("foo") self.assertRaises(TypeError, dir, f) # dir(type) self.assertIn("strip", dir(str)) self.assertNotIn("__mro__", dir(str)) # dir(obj) class Foo(object): def __init__(self): self.x = 7 self.y = 8 self.z = 9 f = Foo() self.assertIn("y", dir(f)) # dir(obj_no__dict__) class Foo(object): __slots__ = [] f = Foo() self.assertIn("__repr__", dir(f)) # dir(obj_no__class__with__dict__) # (an ugly trick to cause getattr(f, "__class__") to fail) class Foo(object): __slots__ = ["__class__", "__dict__"] def __init__(self): self.bar = "wow" f = Foo() self.assertNotIn("__repr__", dir(f)) self.assertIn("bar", dir(f)) # dir(obj_using __dir__) class Foo(object): def __dir__(self): return ["kan", "ga", "roo"] f = Foo() self.assertTrue(dir(f) == ["ga", "kan", "roo"]) # dir(obj__dir__not_list) class Foo(object): def __dir__(self): return 7 f = Foo() self.assertRaises(TypeError, dir, f) def test_divmod(self): self.assertEqual(divmod(12, 7), (1, 5)) self.assertEqual(divmod(-12, 7), (-2, 2)) self.assertEqual(divmod(12, -7), (-2, -2)) self.assertEqual(divmod(-12, -7), (1, -5)) self.assertEqual(divmod(12L, 7L), (1L, 5L)) self.assertEqual(divmod(-12L, 7L), (-2L, 2L)) self.assertEqual(divmod(12L, -7L), (-2L, -2L)) self.assertEqual(divmod(-12L, -7L), (1L, -5L)) self.assertEqual(divmod(12, 7L), (1, 5L)) self.assertEqual(divmod(-12, 7L), (-2, 2L)) self.assertEqual(divmod(12L, -7), (-2L, -2)) self.assertEqual(divmod(-12L, -7), (1L, -5)) self.assertEqual(divmod(-sys.maxint-1, -1), (sys.maxint+1, 0)) self.assertTrue(not fcmp(divmod(3.25, 1.0), (3.0, 0.25))) self.assertTrue(not fcmp(divmod(-3.25, 1.0), (-4.0, 0.75))) self.assertTrue(not fcmp(divmod(3.25, -1.0), (-4.0, -0.75))) self.assertTrue(not fcmp(divmod(-3.25, -1.0), (3.0, -0.25))) self.assertRaises(TypeError, divmod) def test_eval(self): self.assertEqual(eval('1+1'), 2) self.assertEqual(eval(' 1+1\n'), 2) globals = {'a': 1, 'b': 2} locals = {'b': 200, 'c': 300} self.assertEqual(eval('a', globals) , 1) self.assertEqual(eval('a', globals, locals), 1) self.assertEqual(eval('b', globals, locals), 200) self.assertEqual(eval('c', globals, locals), 300) if have_unicode: self.assertEqual(eval(unicode('1+1')), 2) self.assertEqual(eval(unicode(' 1+1\n')), 2) globals = {'a': 1, 'b': 2} locals = {'b': 200, 'c': 300} if have_unicode: self.assertEqual(eval(unicode('a'), globals), 1) self.assertEqual(eval(unicode('a'), globals, locals), 1) self.assertEqual(eval(unicode('b'), globals, locals), 200) self.assertEqual(eval(unicode('c'), globals, locals), 300) bom = '\xef\xbb\xbf' self.assertEqual(eval(bom + 'a', globals, locals), 1) self.assertEqual(eval(unicode('u"\xc3\xa5"', 'utf8'), globals), unicode('\xc3\xa5', 'utf8')) self.assertRaises(TypeError, eval) self.assertRaises(TypeError, eval, ()) def test_general_eval(self): # Tests that general mappings can be used for the locals argument class M: "Test mapping interface versus possible calls from eval()." def __getitem__(self, key): if key == 'a': return 12 raise KeyError def keys(self): return list('xyz') m = M() g = globals() self.assertEqual(eval('a', g, m), 12) self.assertRaises(NameError, eval, 'b', g, m) self.assertEqual(eval('dir()', g, m), list('xyz')) self.assertEqual(eval('globals()', g, m), g) self.assertEqual(eval('locals()', g, m), m) self.assertRaises(TypeError, eval, 'a', m) class A: "Non-mapping" pass m = A() self.assertRaises(TypeError, eval, 'a', g, m) # Verify that dict subclasses work as well class D(dict): def __getitem__(self, key): if key == 'a': return 12 return dict.__getitem__(self, key) def keys(self): return list('xyz') d = D() self.assertEqual(eval('a', g, d), 12) self.assertRaises(NameError, eval, 'b', g, d) self.assertEqual(eval('dir()', g, d), list('xyz')) self.assertEqual(eval('globals()', g, d), g) self.assertEqual(eval('locals()', g, d), d) # Verify locals stores (used by list comps) eval('[locals() for i in (2,3)]', g, d) eval('[locals() for i in (2,3)]', g, UserDict.UserDict()) class SpreadSheet: "Sample application showing nested, calculated lookups." _cells = {} def __setitem__(self, key, formula): self._cells[key] = formula def __getitem__(self, key): return eval(self._cells[key], globals(), self) ss = SpreadSheet() ss['a1'] = '5' ss['a2'] = 'a1*6' ss['a3'] = 'a2*7' self.assertEqual(ss['a3'], 210) # Verify that dir() catches a non-list returned by eval # SF bug #1004669 class C: def __getitem__(self, item): raise KeyError(item) def keys(self): return 'a' self.assertRaises(TypeError, eval, 'dir()', globals(), C()) def test_filter(self): self.assertEqual(filter(lambda c: 'a' <= c <= 'z', 'Hello World'), 'elloorld') self.assertEqual(filter(None, [1, 'hello', [], [3], '', None, 9, 0]), [1, 'hello', [3], 9]) self.assertEqual(filter(lambda x: x > 0, [1, -3, 9, 0, 2]), [1, 9, 2]) self.assertEqual(filter(None, Squares(10)), [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]) self.assertEqual(filter(lambda x: x%2, Squares(10)), [1, 9, 25, 49, 81]) def identity(item): return 1 filter(identity, Squares(5)) self.assertRaises(TypeError, filter) class BadSeq(object): def __getitem__(self, index): if index<4: return 42 raise ValueError self.assertRaises(ValueError, filter, lambda x: x, BadSeq()) def badfunc(): pass self.assertRaises(TypeError, filter, badfunc, range(5)) # test bltinmodule.c::filtertuple() self.assertEqual(filter(None, (1, 2)), (1, 2)) self.assertEqual(filter(lambda x: x>=3, (1, 2, 3, 4)), (3, 4)) self.assertRaises(TypeError, filter, 42, (1, 2)) # test bltinmodule.c::filterstring() self.assertEqual(filter(None, "12"), "12") self.assertEqual(filter(lambda x: x>="3", "1234"), "34") self.assertRaises(TypeError, filter, 42, "12") class badstr(str): def __getitem__(self, index): raise ValueError self.assertRaises(ValueError, filter, lambda x: x >="3", badstr("1234")) class badstr2(str): def __getitem__(self, index): return 42 self.assertRaises(TypeError, filter, lambda x: x >=42, badstr2("1234")) class weirdstr(str): def __getitem__(self, index): return weirdstr(2*str.__getitem__(self, index)) self.assertEqual(filter(lambda x: x>="33", weirdstr("1234")), "3344") class shiftstr(str): def __getitem__(self, index): return chr(ord(str.__getitem__(self, index))+1) self.assertEqual(filter(lambda x: x>="3", shiftstr("1234")), "345") if have_unicode: # test bltinmodule.c::filterunicode() self.assertEqual(filter(None, unicode("12")), unicode("12")) self.assertEqual(filter(lambda x: x>="3", unicode("1234")), unicode("34")) self.assertRaises(TypeError, filter, 42, unicode("12")) self.assertRaises(ValueError, filter, lambda x: x >="3", badstr(unicode("1234"))) class badunicode(unicode): def __getitem__(self, index): return 42 self.assertRaises(TypeError, filter, lambda x: x >=42, badunicode("1234")) class weirdunicode(unicode): def __getitem__(self, index): return weirdunicode(2*unicode.__getitem__(self, index)) self.assertEqual( filter(lambda x: x>=unicode("33"), weirdunicode("1234")), unicode("3344")) class shiftunicode(unicode): def __getitem__(self, index): return unichr(ord(unicode.__getitem__(self, index))+1) self.assertEqual( filter(lambda x: x>=unicode("3"), shiftunicode("1234")), unicode("345") ) def test_filter_subclasses(self): # test that filter() never returns tuple, str or unicode subclasses # and that the result always goes through __getitem__ funcs = (None, bool, lambda x: True) class tuple2(tuple): def __getitem__(self, index): return 2*tuple.__getitem__(self, index) class str2(str): def __getitem__(self, index): return 2*str.__getitem__(self, index) inputs = { tuple2: {(): (), (1, 2, 3): (2, 4, 6)}, str2: {"": "", "123": "112233"} } if have_unicode: class unicode2(unicode): def __getitem__(self, index): return 2*unicode.__getitem__(self, index) inputs[unicode2] = { unicode(): unicode(), unicode("123"): unicode("112233") } for (cls, inps) in inputs.iteritems(): for (inp, exp) in inps.iteritems(): # make sure the output goes through __getitem__ # even if func is None self.assertEqual( filter(funcs[0], cls(inp)), filter(funcs[1], cls(inp)) ) for func in funcs: outp = filter(func, cls(inp)) self.assertEqual(outp, exp) self.assertTrue(not isinstance(outp, cls)) def test_getattr(self): import sys self.assertTrue(getattr(sys, 'stdout') is sys.stdout) self.assertRaises(TypeError, getattr, sys, 1) self.assertRaises(TypeError, getattr, sys, 1, "foo") self.assertRaises(TypeError, getattr) if have_unicode: self.assertRaises(UnicodeError, getattr, sys, unichr(sys.maxunicode)) def test_hasattr(self): import sys self.assertTrue(hasattr(sys, 'stdout')) self.assertRaises(TypeError, hasattr, sys, 1) self.assertRaises(TypeError, hasattr) if have_unicode: self.assertRaises(UnicodeError, hasattr, sys, unichr(sys.maxunicode)) # Check that hasattr allows SystemExit and KeyboardInterrupts by class A: def __getattr__(self, what): raise KeyboardInterrupt self.assertRaises(KeyboardInterrupt, hasattr, A(), "b") class B: def __getattr__(self, what): raise SystemExit self.assertRaises(SystemExit, hasattr, B(), "b") def test_hash(self): hash(None) self.assertEqual(hash(1), hash(1L)) self.assertEqual(hash(1), hash(1.0)) hash('spam') if have_unicode: self.assertEqual(hash('spam'), hash(unicode('spam'))) hash((0,1,2,3)) def f(): pass self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash, []) self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash, {}) # Bug 1536021: Allow hash to return long objects class X: def __hash__(self): return 2**100 self.assertEqual(type(hash(X())), int) class Y(object): def __hash__(self): return 2**100 self.assertEqual(type(hash(Y())), int) class Z(long): def __hash__(self): return self self.assertEqual(hash(Z(42)), hash(42L)) def test_hex(self): self.assertEqual(hex(16), '0x10') self.assertEqual(hex(16L), '0x10L') self.assertEqual(hex(-16), '-0x10') self.assertEqual(hex(-16L), '-0x10L') self.assertRaises(TypeError, hex, {}) def test_id(self): id(None) id(1) id(1L) id(1.0) id('spam') id((0,1,2,3)) id([0,1,2,3]) id({'spam': 1, 'eggs': 2, 'ham': 3}) # Test input() later, together with raw_input # test_int(): see test_int.py for int() tests. def test_intern(self): self.assertRaises(TypeError, intern) # This fails if the test is run twice with a constant string, # therefore append the run counter s = "never interned before " + str(numruns) self.assertTrue(intern(s) is s) s2 = s.swapcase().swapcase() self.assertTrue(intern(s2) is s) # Subclasses of string can't be interned, because they # provide too much opportunity for insane things to happen. # We don't want them in the interned dict and if they aren't # actually interned, we don't want to create the appearance # that they are by allowing intern() to succeed. class S(str): def __hash__(self): return 123 self.assertRaises(TypeError, intern, S("abc")) # It's still safe to pass these strings to routines that # call intern internally, e.g. PyObject_SetAttr(). s = S("abc") setattr(s, s, s) self.assertEqual(getattr(s, s), s) def test_iter(self): self.assertRaises(TypeError, iter) self.assertRaises(TypeError, iter, 42, 42) lists = [("1", "2"), ["1", "2"], "12"] if have_unicode: lists.append(unicode("12")) for l in lists: i = iter(l) self.assertEqual(i.next(), '1') self.assertEqual(i.next(), '2') self.assertRaises(StopIteration, i.next) def test_isinstance(self): class C: pass class D(C): pass class E: pass c = C() d = D() e = E() self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, C)) self.assertTrue(isinstance(d, C)) self.assertTrue(not isinstance(e, C)) self.assertTrue(not isinstance(c, D)) self.assertTrue(not isinstance('foo', E)) self.assertRaises(TypeError, isinstance, E, 'foo') self.assertRaises(TypeError, isinstance) def test_issubclass(self): class C: pass class D(C): pass class E: pass c = C() d = D() e = E() self.assertTrue(issubclass(D, C)) self.assertTrue(issubclass(C, C)) self.assertTrue(not issubclass(C, D)) self.assertRaises(TypeError, issubclass, 'foo', E) self.assertRaises(TypeError, issubclass, E, 'foo') self.assertRaises(TypeError, issubclass) def test_len(self): self.assertEqual(len('123'), 3) self.assertEqual(len(()), 0) self.assertEqual(len((1, 2, 3, 4)), 4) self.assertEqual(len([1, 2, 3, 4]), 4) self.assertEqual(len({}), 0) self.assertEqual(len({'a':1, 'b': 2}), 2) class BadSeq: def __len__(self): raise ValueError self.assertRaises(ValueError, len, BadSeq()) self.assertRaises(TypeError, len, 2) class ClassicStyle: pass class NewStyle(object): pass self.assertRaises(AttributeError, len, ClassicStyle()) self.assertRaises(TypeError, len, NewStyle()) def test_map(self): self.assertEqual( map(None, 'hello world'), ['h','e','l','l','o',' ','w','o','r','l','d'] ) self.assertEqual( map(None, 'abcd', 'efg'), [('a', 'e'), ('b', 'f'), ('c', 'g'), ('d', None)] ) self.assertEqual( map(None, range(10)), [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] ) self.assertEqual( map(lambda x: x*x, range(1,4)), [1, 4, 9] ) try: from math import sqrt except ImportError: def sqrt(x): return pow(x, 0.5) self.assertEqual( map(lambda x: map(sqrt,x), [[16, 4], [81, 9]]), [[4.0, 2.0], [9.0, 3.0]] ) self.assertEqual( map(lambda x, y: x+y, [1,3,2], [9,1,4]), [10, 4, 6] ) def plus(*v): accu = 0 for i in v: accu = accu + i return accu self.assertEqual( map(plus, [1, 3, 7]), [1, 3, 7] ) self.assertEqual( map(plus, [1, 3, 7], [4, 9, 2]), [1+4, 3+9, 7+2] ) self.assertEqual( map(plus, [1, 3, 7], [4, 9, 2], [1, 1, 0]), [1+4+1, 3+9+1, 7+2+0] ) self.assertEqual( map(None, Squares(10)), [0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81] ) self.assertEqual( map(int, Squares(10)), [0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81] ) self.assertEqual( map(None, Squares(3), Squares(2)), [(0,0), (1,1), (4,None)] ) self.assertEqual( map(max, Squares(3), Squares(2)), [0, 1, 4] ) self.assertRaises(TypeError, map) self.assertRaises(TypeError, map, lambda x: x, 42) self.assertEqual(map(None, [42]), [42]) class BadSeq: def __getitem__(self, index): raise ValueError self.assertRaises(ValueError, map, lambda x: x, BadSeq()) def badfunc(x): raise RuntimeError self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, map, badfunc, range(5)) def test_max(self): self.assertEqual(max('123123'), '3') self.assertEqual(max(1, 2, 3), 3) self.assertEqual(max((1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)), 3) self.assertEqual(max([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]), 3) self.assertEqual(max(1, 2L, 3.0), 3.0) self.assertEqual(max(1L, 2.0, 3), 3) self.assertEqual(max(1.0, 2, 3L), 3L) for stmt in ( "max(key=int)", # no args "max(1, key=int)", # single arg not iterable "max(1, 2, keystone=int)", # wrong keyword "max(1, 2, key=int, abc=int)", # two many keywords "max(1, 2, key=1)", # keyfunc is not callable ): try: exec(stmt) in globals() except TypeError: pass else: self.fail(stmt) self.assertEqual(max((1,), key=neg), 1) # one elem iterable self.assertEqual(max((1,2), key=neg), 1) # two elem iterable self.assertEqual(max(1, 2, key=neg), 1) # two elems data = [random.randrange(200) for i in range(100)] keys = dict((elem, random.randrange(50)) for elem in data) f = keys.__getitem__ self.assertEqual(max(data, key=f), sorted(reversed(data), key=f)[-1]) def test_min(self): self.assertEqual(min('123123'), '1') self.assertEqual(min(1, 2, 3), 1) self.assertEqual(min((1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)), 1) self.assertEqual(min([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]), 1) self.assertEqual(min(1, 2L, 3.0), 1) self.assertEqual(min(1L, 2.0, 3), 1L) self.assertEqual(min(1.0, 2, 3L), 1.0) self.assertRaises(TypeError, min) self.assertRaises(TypeError, min, 42) self.assertRaises(ValueError, min, ()) class BadSeq: def __getitem__(self, index): raise ValueError self.assertRaises(ValueError, min, BadSeq()) class BadNumber: def __cmp__(self, other): raise ValueError self.assertRaises(ValueError, min, (42, BadNumber())) for stmt in ( "min(key=int)", # no args "min(1, key=int)", # single arg not iterable "min(1, 2, keystone=int)", # wrong keyword "min(1, 2, key=int, abc=int)", # two many keywords "min(1, 2, key=1)", # keyfunc is not callable ): try: exec(stmt) in globals() except TypeError: pass else: self.fail(stmt) self.assertEqual(min((1,), key=neg), 1) # one elem iterable self.assertEqual(min((1,2), key=neg), 2) # two elem iterable self.assertEqual(min(1, 2, key=neg), 2) # two elems data = [random.randrange(200) for i in range(100)] keys = dict((elem, random.randrange(50)) for elem in data) f = keys.__getitem__ self.assertEqual(min(data, key=f), sorted(data, key=f)[0]) def test_next(self): it = iter(range(2)) self.assertEqual(next(it), 0) self.assertEqual(next(it), 1) self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it) self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it) self.assertEqual(next(it, 42), 42) class Iter(object): def __iter__(self): return self def next(self): raise StopIteration it = iter(Iter()) self.assertEqual(next(it, 42), 42) self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it) def gen(): yield 1 return it = gen() self.assertEqual(next(it), 1) self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it) self.assertEqual(next(it, 42), 42) def test_oct(self): self.assertEqual(oct(100), '0144') self.assertEqual(oct(100L), '0144L') self.assertEqual(oct(-100), '-0144') self.assertEqual(oct(-100L), '-0144L') self.assertRaises(TypeError, oct, ()) def write_testfile(self): # NB the first 4 lines are also used to test input and raw_input, below fp = open(TESTFN, 'w') try: fp.write('1+1\n') fp.write('1+1\n') fp.write('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog') fp.write('.\n') fp.write('Dear John\n') fp.write('XXX'*100) fp.write('YYY'*100) finally: fp.close() def test_open(self): self.write_testfile() fp = open(TESTFN, 'r') try: self.assertEqual(fp.readline(4), '1+1\n') self.assertEqual(fp.readline(4), '1+1\n') self.assertEqual(fp.readline(), 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.\n') self.assertEqual(fp.readline(4), 'Dear') self.assertEqual(fp.readline(100), ' John\n') self.assertEqual(fp.read(300), 'XXX'*100) self.assertEqual(fp.read(1000), 'YYY'*100) finally: fp.close() unlink(TESTFN) def test_ord(self): self.assertEqual(ord(' '), 32) self.assertEqual(ord('A'), 65) self.assertEqual(ord('a'), 97) if have_unicode: self.assertEqual(ord(unichr(sys.maxunicode)), sys.maxunicode) self.assertRaises(TypeError, ord, 42) if have_unicode: self.assertRaises(TypeError, ord, unicode("12")) def test_pow(self): self.assertEqual(pow(0,0), 1) self.assertEqual(pow(0,1), 0) self.assertEqual(pow(1,0), 1) self.assertEqual(pow(1,1), 1) self.assertEqual(pow(2,0), 1) self.assertEqual(pow(2,10), 1024) self.assertEqual(pow(2,20), 1024*1024) self.assertEqual(pow(2,30), 1024*1024*1024) self.assertEqual(pow(-2,0), 1) self.assertEqual(pow(-2,1), -2) self.assertEqual(pow(-2,2), 4) self.assertEqual(pow(-2,3), -8) self.assertEqual(pow(0L,0), 1) self.assertEqual(pow(0L,1), 0) self.assertEqual(pow(1L,0), 1) self.assertEqual(pow(1L,1), 1) self.assertEqual(pow(2L,0), 1) self.assertEqual(pow(2L,10), 1024) self.assertEqual(pow(2L,20), 1024*1024) self.assertEqual(pow(2L,30), 1024*1024*1024) self.assertEqual(pow(-2L,0), 1) self.assertEqual(pow(-2L,1), -2) self.assertEqual(pow(-2L,2), 4) self.assertEqual(pow(-2L,3), -8) self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(0.,0), 1.) self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(0.,1), 0.) self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(1.,0), 1.) self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(1.,1), 1.) self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(2.,0), 1.) self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(2.,10), 1024.) self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(2.,20), 1024.*1024.) self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(2.,30), 1024.*1024.*1024.) self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(-2.,0), 1.) self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(-2.,1), -2.) self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(-2.,2), 4.) self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(-2.,3), -8.) for x in 2, 2L, 2.0: for y in 10, 10L, 10.0: for z in 1000, 1000L, 1000.0: if isinstance(x, float) or \ isinstance(y, float) or \ isinstance(z, float): self.assertRaises(TypeError, pow, x, y, z) else: self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(x, y, z), 24.0) self.assertRaises(TypeError, pow, -1, -2, 3) self.assertRaises(ValueError, pow, 1, 2, 0) self.assertRaises(TypeError, pow, -1L, -2L, 3L) self.assertRaises(ValueError, pow, 1L, 2L, 0L) # Will return complex in 3.0: self.assertRaises(ValueError, pow, -342.43, 0.234) self.assertRaises(TypeError, pow) def test_range(self): self.assertEqual(range(3), [0, 1, 2]) self.assertEqual(range(1, 5), [1, 2, 3, 4]) self.assertEqual(range(0), []) self.assertEqual(range(-3), []) self.assertEqual(range(1, 10, 3), [1, 4, 7]) self.assertEqual(range(5, -5, -3), [5, 2, -1, -4]) # Now test range() with longs self.assertEqual(range(-2**100), []) self.assertEqual(range(0, -2**100), []) self.assertEqual(range(0, 2**100, -1), []) self.assertEqual(range(0, 2**100, -1), []) a = long(10 * sys.maxint) b = long(100 * sys.maxint) c = long(50 * sys.maxint) self.assertEqual(range(a, a+2), [a, a+1]) self.assertEqual(range(a+2, a, -1L), [a+2, a+1]) self.assertEqual(range(a+4, a, -2), [a+4, a+2]) seq = range(a, b, c) self.assertIn(a, seq) self.assertNotIn(b, seq) self.assertEqual(len(seq), 2) seq = range(b, a, -c) self.assertIn(b, seq) self.assertNotIn(a, seq) self.assertEqual(len(seq), 2) seq = range(-a, -b, -c) self.assertIn(-a, seq) self.assertNotIn(-b, seq) self.assertEqual(len(seq), 2) self.assertRaises(TypeError, range) self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 1, 2, 3, 4) self.assertRaises(ValueError, range, 1, 2, 0) self.assertRaises(ValueError, range, a, a + 1, long(0)) class badzero(int): def __cmp__(self, other): raise RuntimeError __hash__ = None # Invalid cmp makes this unhashable self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, range, a, a + 1, badzero(1)) # Reject floats. self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 1., 1., 1.) self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 1e100, 1e101, 1e101) self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0, "spam") self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0, 42, "spam") self.assertRaises(OverflowError, range, -sys.maxint, sys.maxint) self.assertRaises(OverflowError, range, 0, 2*sys.maxint) bignum = 2*sys.maxint smallnum = 42 # Old-style user-defined class with __int__ method class I0: def __init__(self, n): self.n = int(n) def __int__(self): return self.n self.assertEqual(range(I0(bignum), I0(bignum + 1)), [bignum]) self.assertEqual(range(I0(smallnum), I0(smallnum + 1)), [smallnum]) # New-style user-defined class with __int__ method class I1(object): def __init__(self, n): self.n = int(n) def __int__(self): return self.n self.assertEqual(range(I1(bignum), I1(bignum + 1)), [bignum]) self.assertEqual(range(I1(smallnum), I1(smallnum + 1)), [smallnum]) # New-style user-defined class with failing __int__ method class IX(object): def __int__(self): raise RuntimeError self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, range, IX()) # New-style user-defined class with invalid __int__ method class IN(object): def __int__(self): return "not a number" self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, IN()) # Exercise various combinations of bad arguments, to check # refcounting logic self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0.0) self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0, 0.0) self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0.0, 0) self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0.0, 0.0) self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0, 0, 1.0) self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0, 0.0, 1) self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0, 0.0, 1.0) self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0.0, 0, 1) self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0.0, 0, 1.0) self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0.0, 0.0, 1) self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0) def test_input_and_raw_input(self): self.write_testfile() fp = open(TESTFN, 'r') savestdin = sys.stdin savestdout = sys.stdout # Eats the echo try: sys.stdin = fp sys.stdout = BitBucket() self.assertEqual(input(), 2) self.assertEqual(input('testing\n'), 2) self.assertEqual(raw_input(), 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.') self.assertEqual(raw_input('testing\n'), 'Dear John') # SF 1535165: don't segfault on closed stdin # sys.stdout must be a regular file for triggering sys.stdout = savestdout sys.stdin.close() self.assertRaises(ValueError, input) sys.stdout = BitBucket() sys.stdin = cStringIO.StringIO("NULL\0") self.assertRaises(TypeError, input, 42, 42) sys.stdin = cStringIO.StringIO(" 'whitespace'") self.assertEqual(input(), 'whitespace') sys.stdin = cStringIO.StringIO() self.assertRaises(EOFError, input) # SF 876178: make sure input() respect future options. sys.stdin = cStringIO.StringIO('1/2') sys.stdout = cStringIO.StringIO() exec compile('print input()', 'test_builtin_tmp', 'exec') sys.stdin.seek(0, 0) exec compile('from __future__ import division;print input()', 'test_builtin_tmp', 'exec') sys.stdin.seek(0, 0) exec compile('print input()', 'test_builtin_tmp', 'exec') # The result we expect depends on whether new division semantics # are already in effect. if 1/2 == 0: # This test was compiled with old semantics. expected = ['0', '0.5', '0'] else: # This test was compiled with new semantics (e.g., -Qnew # was given on the command line. expected = ['0.5', '0.5', '0.5'] self.assertEqual(sys.stdout.getvalue().splitlines(), expected) del sys.stdout self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, input, 'prompt') del sys.stdin self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, input, 'prompt') finally: sys.stdin = savestdin sys.stdout = savestdout fp.close() unlink(TESTFN) def test_reduce(self): add = lambda x, y: x+y self.assertEqual(reduce(add, ['a', 'b', 'c'], ''), 'abc') self.assertEqual( reduce(add, [['a', 'c'], [], ['d', 'w']], []), ['a','c','d','w'] ) self.assertEqual(reduce(lambda x, y: x*y, range(2,8), 1), 5040) self.assertEqual( reduce(lambda x, y: x*y, range(2,21), 1L), 2432902008176640000L ) self.assertEqual(reduce(add, Squares(10)), 285) self.assertEqual(reduce(add, Squares(10), 0), 285) self.assertEqual(reduce(add, Squares(0), 0), 0) self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce) self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce, 42) self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce, 42, 42) self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce, 42, 42, 42) self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce, None, range(5)) self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce, add, 42) self.assertEqual(reduce(42, "1"), "1") # func is never called with one item self.assertEqual(reduce(42, "", "1"), "1") # func is never called with one item self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce, 42, (42, 42)) self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce, add, []) # arg 2 must not be empty sequence with no initial value self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce, add, "") self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce, add, ()) self.assertEqual(reduce(add, [], None), None) self.assertEqual(reduce(add, [], 42), 42) class BadSeq: def __getitem__(self, index): raise ValueError self.assertRaises(ValueError, reduce, 42, BadSeq()) def test_reload(self): import marshal reload(marshal) import string reload(string) ## import sys ## self.assertRaises(ImportError, reload, sys) def test_repr(self): self.assertEqual(repr(''), '\'\'') self.assertEqual(repr(0), '0') self.assertEqual(repr(0L), '0L') self.assertEqual(repr(()), '()') self.assertEqual(repr([]), '[]') self.assertEqual(repr({}), '{}') a = [] a.append(a) self.assertEqual(repr(a), '[[...]]') a = {} a[0] = a self.assertEqual(repr(a), '{0: {...}}') def test_round(self): self.assertEqual(round(0.0), 0.0) self.assertEqual(type(round(0.0)), float) # Will be int in 3.0. self.assertEqual(round(1.0), 1.0) self.assertEqual(round(10.0), 10.0) self.assertEqual(round(1000000000.0), 1000000000.0) self.assertEqual(round(1e20), 1e20) self.assertEqual(round(-1.0), -1.0) self.assertEqual(round(-10.0), -10.0) self.assertEqual(round(-1000000000.0), -1000000000.0) self.assertEqual(round(-1e20), -1e20) self.assertEqual(round(0.1), 0.0) self.assertEqual(round(1.1), 1.0) self.assertEqual(round(10.1), 10.0) self.assertEqual(round(1000000000.1), 1000000000.0) self.assertEqual(round(-1.1), -1.0) self.assertEqual(round(-10.1), -10.0) self.assertEqual(round(-1000000000.1), -1000000000.0) self.assertEqual(round(0.9), 1.0) self.assertEqual(round(9.9), 10.0) self.assertEqual(round(999999999.9), 1000000000.0) self.assertEqual(round(-0.9), -1.0) self.assertEqual(round(-9.9), -10.0) self.assertEqual(round(-999999999.9), -1000000000.0) self.assertEqual(round(-8.0, -1), -10.0) self.assertEqual(type(round(-8.0, -1)), float) self.assertEqual(type(round(-8.0, 0)), float) self.assertEqual(type(round(-8.0, 1)), float) # Check half rounding behaviour. self.assertEqual(round(5.5), 6) self.assertEqual(round(6.5), 7) self.assertEqual(round(-5.5), -6) self.assertEqual(round(-6.5), -7) # Check behavior on ints self.assertEqual(round(0), 0) self.assertEqual(round(8), 8) self.assertEqual(round(-8), -8) self.assertEqual(type(round(0)), float) # Will be int in 3.0. self.assertEqual(type(round(-8, -1)), float) self.assertEqual(type(round(-8, 0)), float) self.assertEqual(type(round(-8, 1)), float) # test new kwargs self.assertEqual(round(number=-8.0, ndigits=-1), -10.0) self.assertRaises(TypeError, round) # test generic rounding delegation for reals class TestRound(object): def __float__(self): return 23.0 class TestNoRound(object): pass self.assertEqual(round(TestRound()), 23) self.assertRaises(TypeError, round, 1, 2, 3) self.assertRaises(TypeError, round, TestNoRound()) t = TestNoRound() t.__float__ = lambda *args: args self.assertRaises(TypeError, round, t) self.assertRaises(TypeError, round, t, 0) # Some versions of glibc for alpha have a bug that affects # float -> integer rounding (floor, ceil, rint, round) for # values in the range [2**52, 2**53). See: # # http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=5350 # # We skip this test on Linux/alpha if it would fail. linux_alpha = (platform.system().startswith('Linux') and platform.machine().startswith('alpha')) system_round_bug = round(5e15+1) != 5e15+1 @unittest.skipIf(linux_alpha and system_round_bug, "test will fail; failure is probably due to a " "buggy system round function") def test_round_large(self): # Issue #1869: integral floats should remain unchanged self.assertEqual(round(5e15-1), 5e15-1) self.assertEqual(round(5e15), 5e15) self.assertEqual(round(5e15+1), 5e15+1) self.assertEqual(round(5e15+2), 5e15+2) self.assertEqual(round(5e15+3), 5e15+3) def test_setattr(self): setattr(sys, 'spam', 1) self.assertEqual(sys.spam, 1) self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, sys, 1, 'spam') self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr) def test_sum(self): self.assertEqual(sum([]), 0) self.assertEqual(sum(range(2,8)), 27) self.assertEqual(sum(iter(range(2,8))), 27) self.assertEqual(sum(Squares(10)), 285) self.assertEqual(sum(iter(Squares(10))), 285) self.assertEqual(sum([[1], [2], [3]], []), [1, 2, 3]) self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum) self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, 42) self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, ['a', 'b', 'c']) self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, ['a', 'b', 'c'], '') self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, [[1], [2], [3]]) self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, [{2:3}]) self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, [{2:3}]*2, {2:3}) class BadSeq: def __getitem__(self, index): raise ValueError self.assertRaises(ValueError, sum, BadSeq()) empty = [] sum(([x] for x in range(10)), empty) self.assertEqual(empty, []) def test_type(self): self.assertEqual(type(''), type('123')) self.assertNotEqual(type(''), type(())) def test_unichr(self): if have_unicode: self.assertEqual(unichr(32), unicode(' ')) self.assertEqual(unichr(65), unicode('A')) self.assertEqual(unichr(97), unicode('a')) self.assertEqual( unichr(sys.maxunicode), unicode('\\U%08x' % (sys.maxunicode), 'unicode-escape') ) self.assertRaises(ValueError, unichr, sys.maxunicode+1) self.assertRaises(TypeError, unichr) self.assertRaises((OverflowError, ValueError), unichr, 2**32) # We don't want self in vars(), so these are static methods @staticmethod def get_vars_f0(): return vars() @staticmethod def get_vars_f2(): BuiltinTest.get_vars_f0() a = 1 b = 2 return vars() class C_get_vars(object): def getDict(self): return {'a':2} __dict__ = property(fget=getDict) def test_vars(self): self.assertEqual(set(vars()), set(dir())) import sys self.assertEqual(set(vars(sys)), set(dir(sys))) self.assertEqual(self.get_vars_f0(), {}) self.assertEqual(self.get_vars_f2(), {'a': 1, 'b': 2}) self.assertRaises(TypeError, vars, 42, 42) self.assertRaises(TypeError, vars, 42) self.assertEqual(vars(self.C_get_vars()), {'a':2}) def test_zip(self): a = (1, 2, 3) b = (4, 5, 6) t = [(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)] self.assertEqual(zip(a, b), t) b = [4, 5, 6] self.assertEqual(zip(a, b), t) b = (4, 5, 6, 7) self.assertEqual(zip(a, b), t) class I: def __getitem__(self, i): if i < 0 or i > 2: raise IndexError return i + 4 self.assertEqual(zip(a, I()), t) self.assertEqual(zip(), []) self.assertEqual(zip(*[]), []) self.assertRaises(TypeError, zip, None) class G: pass self.assertRaises(TypeError, zip, a, G()) # Make sure zip doesn't try to allocate a billion elements for the # result list when one of its arguments doesn't say how long it is. # A MemoryError is the most likely failure mode. class SequenceWithoutALength: def __getitem__(self, i): if i == 5: raise IndexError else: return i self.assertEqual( zip(SequenceWithoutALength(), xrange(2**30)), list(enumerate(range(5))) ) class BadSeq: def __getitem__(self, i): if i == 5: raise ValueError else: return i self.assertRaises(ValueError, zip, BadSeq(), BadSeq()) def test_format(self): # Test the basic machinery of the format() builtin. Don't test # the specifics of the various formatters self.assertEqual(format(3, ''), '3') # Returns some classes to use for various tests. There's # an old-style version, and a new-style version def classes_new(): class A(object): def __init__(self, x): self.x = x def __format__(self, format_spec): return str(self.x) + format_spec class DerivedFromA(A): pass class Simple(object): pass class DerivedFromSimple(Simple): def __init__(self, x): self.x = x def __format__(self, format_spec): return str(self.x) + format_spec class DerivedFromSimple2(DerivedFromSimple): pass return A, DerivedFromA, DerivedFromSimple, DerivedFromSimple2 # In 3.0, classes_classic has the same meaning as classes_new def classes_classic(): class A: def __init__(self, x): self.x = x def __format__(self, format_spec): return str(self.x) + format_spec class DerivedFromA(A): pass class Simple: pass class DerivedFromSimple(Simple): def __init__(self, x): self.x = x def __format__(self, format_spec): return str(self.x) + format_spec class DerivedFromSimple2(DerivedFromSimple): pass return A, DerivedFromA, DerivedFromSimple, DerivedFromSimple2 def class_test(A, DerivedFromA, DerivedFromSimple, DerivedFromSimple2): self.assertEqual(format(A(3), 'spec'), '3spec') self.assertEqual(format(DerivedFromA(4), 'spec'), '4spec') self.assertEqual(format(DerivedFromSimple(5), 'abc'), '5abc') self.assertEqual(format(DerivedFromSimple2(10), 'abcdef'), '10abcdef') class_test(*classes_new()) class_test(*classes_classic()) def empty_format_spec(value): # test that: # format(x, '') == str(x) # format(x) == str(x) self.assertEqual(format(value, ""), str(value)) self.assertEqual(format(value), str(value)) # for builtin types, format(x, "") == str(x) empty_format_spec(17**13) empty_format_spec(1.0) empty_format_spec(3.1415e104) empty_format_spec(-3.1415e104) empty_format_spec(3.1415e-104) empty_format_spec(-3.1415e-104) empty_format_spec(object) empty_format_spec(None) # TypeError because self.__format__ returns the wrong type class BadFormatResult: def __format__(self, format_spec): return 1.0 self.assertRaises(TypeError, format, BadFormatResult(), "") # TypeError because format_spec is not unicode or str self.assertRaises(TypeError, format, object(), 4) self.assertRaises(TypeError, format, object(), object()) # tests for object.__format__ really belong elsewhere, but # there's no good place to put them x = object().__format__('') self.assertTrue(x.startswith('