# Tests the attempted automatic coercion of the C locale to a UTF-8 locale import unittest import locale import os import sys import sysconfig import shutil from collections import namedtuple import test.support from test.support.script_helper import ( run_python_until_end, interpreter_requires_environment, ) # Set our expectation for the default encoding used in the C locale # for the filesystem encoding and the standard streams # While most *nix platforms default to ASCII in the C locale, some use a # different encoding. if sys.platform.startswith("aix"): C_LOCALE_STREAM_ENCODING = "iso8859-1" elif test.support.is_android: C_LOCALE_STREAM_ENCODING = "utf-8" else: C_LOCALE_STREAM_ENCODING = "ascii" # FS encoding is UTF-8 on macOS, other *nix platforms use the locale encoding if sys.platform == "darwin": C_LOCALE_FS_ENCODING = "utf-8" else: C_LOCALE_FS_ENCODING = C_LOCALE_STREAM_ENCODING # Note that the above is probably still wrong in some cases, such as: # * Windows when PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING is set # * AIX and any other platforms that use latin-1 in the C locale # # Options for dealing with this: # * Don't set PYTHON_COERCE_C_LOCALE on such platforms (e.g. Windows doesn't) # * Fix the test expectations to match the actual platform behaviour # In order to get the warning messages to match up as expected, the candidate # order here must much the target locale order in Python/pylifecycle.c _C_UTF8_LOCALES = ("C.UTF-8", "C.utf8", "UTF-8") # There's no reliable cross-platform way of checking locale alias # lists, so the only way of knowing which of these locales will work # is to try them with locale.setlocale(). We do that in a subprocess # to avoid altering the locale of the test runner. # # If the relevant locale module attributes exist, and we're not on a platform # where we expect it to always succeed, we also check that # `locale.nl_langinfo(locale.CODESET)` works, as if it fails, the interpreter # will skip locale coercion for that particular target locale _check_nl_langinfo_CODESET = bool( sys.platform not in ("darwin", "linux") and hasattr(locale, "nl_langinfo") and hasattr(locale, "CODESET") ) def _set_locale_in_subprocess(locale_name): cmd_fmt = "import locale; print(locale.setlocale(locale.LC_CTYPE, '{}'))" if _check_nl_langinfo_CODESET: # If there's no valid CODESET, we expect coercion to be skipped cmd_fmt += "; import sys; sys.exit(not locale.nl_langinfo(locale.CODESET))" cmd = cmd_fmt.format(locale_name) result, py_cmd = run_python_until_end("-c", cmd, __isolated=True) return result.rc == 0 _fields = "fsencoding stdin_info stdout_info stderr_info lang lc_ctype lc_all" _EncodingDetails = namedtuple("EncodingDetails", _fields) class EncodingDetails(_EncodingDetails): # XXX (ncoghlan): Using JSON for child state reporting may be less fragile CHILD_PROCESS_SCRIPT = ";".join([ "import sys, os", "print(sys.getfilesystemencoding())", "print(sys.stdin.encoding + ':' + sys.stdin.errors)", "print(sys.stdout.encoding + ':' + sys.stdout.errors)", "print(sys.stderr.encoding + ':' + sys.stderr.errors)", "print(os.environ.get('LANG', 'not set'))", "print(os.environ.get('LC_CTYPE', 'not set'))", "print(os.environ.get('LC_ALL', 'not set'))", ]) @classmethod def get_expected_details(cls, coercion_expected, fs_encoding, stream_encoding, env_vars): """Returns expected child process details for a given encoding""" _stream = stream_encoding + ":{}" # stdin and stdout should use surrogateescape either because the # coercion triggered, or because the C locale was detected stream_info = 2*[_stream.format("surrogateescape")] # stderr should always use backslashreplace stream_info.append(_stream.format("backslashreplace")) expected_lang = env_vars.get("LANG", "not set").lower() if coercion_expected: expected_lc_ctype = CLI_COERCION_TARGET.lower() else: expected_lc_ctype = env_vars.get("LC_CTYPE", "not set").lower() expected_lc_all = env_vars.get("LC_ALL", "not set").lower() env_info = expected_lang, expected_lc_ctype, expected_lc_all return dict(cls(fs_encoding, *stream_info, *env_info)._asdict()) @staticmethod def _handle_output_variations(data): """Adjust the output to handle platform specific idiosyncrasies * Some platforms report ASCII as ANSI_X3.4-1968 * Some platforms report ASCII as US-ASCII * Some platforms report UTF-8 instead of utf-8 """ data = data.replace(b"ANSI_X3.4-1968", b"ascii") data = data.replace(b"US-ASCII", b"ascii") data = data.lower() return data @classmethod def get_child_details(cls, env_vars): """Retrieves fsencoding and standard stream details from a child process Returns (encoding_details, stderr_lines): - encoding_details: EncodingDetails for eager decoding - stderr_lines: result of calling splitlines() on the stderr output The child is run in isolated mode if the current interpreter supports that. """ result, py_cmd = run_python_until_end( "-X", "utf8=0", "-c", cls.CHILD_PROCESS_SCRIPT, __isolated=True, **env_vars ) if not result.rc == 0: result.fail(py_cmd) # All subprocess outputs in this test case should be pure ASCII adjusted_output = cls._handle_output_variations(result.out) stdout_lines = adjusted_output.decode("ascii").splitlines() child_encoding_details = dict(cls(*stdout_lines)._asdict()) stderr_lines = result.err.decode("ascii").rstrip().splitlines() return child_encoding_details, stderr_lines # Details of the shared library warning emitted at runtime LEGACY_LOCALE_WARNING = ( "Python runtime initialized with LC_CTYPE=C (a locale with default ASCII " "encoding), which may cause Unicode compatibility problems. Using C.UTF-8, " "C.utf8, or UTF-8 (if available) as alternative Unicode-compatible " "locales is recommended." ) # Details of the CLI locale coercion warning emitted at runtime CLI_COERCION_WARNING_FMT = ( "Python detected LC_CTYPE=C: LC_CTYPE coerced to {} (set another locale " "or PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 to disable this locale coercion behavior)." ) AVAILABLE_TARGETS = None CLI_COERCION_TARGET = None CLI_COERCION_WARNING = None def setUpModule(): global AVAILABLE_TARGETS global CLI_COERCION_TARGET global CLI_COERCION_WARNING if AVAILABLE_TARGETS is not None: # initialization already done return AVAILABLE_TARGETS = [] # Find the target locales available in the current system for target_locale in _C_UTF8_LOCALES: if _set_locale_in_subprocess(target_locale): AVAILABLE_TARGETS.append(target_locale) if AVAILABLE_TARGETS: # Coercion is expected to use the first available target locale CLI_COERCION_TARGET = AVAILABLE_TARGETS[0] CLI_COERCION_WARNING = CLI_COERCION_WARNING_FMT.format(CLI_COERCION_TARGET) class _LocaleHandlingTestCase(unittest.TestCase): # Base class to check expected locale handling behaviour def _check_child_encoding_details(self, env_vars, expected_fs_encoding, expected_stream_encoding, expected_warnings, coercion_expected): """Check the C locale handling for the given process environment Parameters: expected_fs_encoding: expected sys.getfilesystemencoding() result expected_stream_encoding: expected encoding for standard streams expected_warning: stderr output to expect (if any) """ result = EncodingDetails.get_child_details(env_vars) encoding_details, stderr_lines = result expected_details = EncodingDetails.get_expected_details( coercion_expected, expected_fs_encoding, expected_stream_encoding, env_vars ) self.assertEqual(encoding_details, expected_details) if expected_warnings is None: expected_warnings = [] self.assertEqual(stderr_lines, expected_warnings) class LocaleConfigurationTests(_LocaleHandlingTestCase): # Test explicit external configuration via the process environment def setUpClass(): # This relies on setupModule() having been run, so it can't be # handled via the @unittest.skipUnless decorator if not AVAILABLE_TARGETS: raise unittest.SkipTest("No C-with-UTF-8 locale available") def test_external_target_locale_configuration(self): # Explicitly setting a target locale should give the same behaviour as # is seen when implicitly coercing to that target locale self.maxDiff = None expected_fs_encoding = "utf-8" expected_stream_encoding = "utf-8" base_var_dict = { "LANG": "", "LC_CTYPE": "", "LC_ALL": "", } for env_var in ("LANG", "LC_CTYPE"): for locale_to_set in AVAILABLE_TARGETS: # XXX (ncoghlan): LANG=UTF-8 doesn't appear to work as # expected, so skip that combination for now # See https://bugs.python.org/issue30672 for discussion if env_var == "LANG" and locale_to_set == "UTF-8": continue with self.subTest(env_var=env_var, configured_locale=locale_to_set): var_dict = base_var_dict.copy() var_dict[env_var] = locale_to_set self._check_child_encoding_details(var_dict, expected_fs_encoding, expected_stream_encoding, expected_warnings=None, coercion_expected=False) @test.support.cpython_only @unittest.skipUnless(sysconfig.get_config_var("PY_COERCE_C_LOCALE"), "C locale coercion disabled at build time") class LocaleCoercionTests(_LocaleHandlingTestCase): # Test implicit reconfiguration of the environment during CLI startup def _check_c_locale_coercion(self, fs_encoding, stream_encoding, coerce_c_locale, expected_warnings=None, coercion_expected=True, **extra_vars): """Check the C locale handling for various configurations Parameters: fs_encoding: expected sys.getfilesystemencoding() result stream_encoding: expected encoding for standard streams coerce_c_locale: setting to use for PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE None: don't set the variable at all str: the value set in the child's environment expected_warnings: expected warning lines on stderr extra_vars: additional environment variables to set in subprocess """ self.maxDiff = None if not AVAILABLE_TARGETS: # Locale coercion is disabled when there aren't any target locales fs_encoding = C_LOCALE_FS_ENCODING stream_encoding = C_LOCALE_STREAM_ENCODING coercion_expected = False if expected_warnings: expected_warnings = [LEGACY_LOCALE_WARNING] base_var_dict = { "LANG": "", "LC_CTYPE": "", "LC_ALL": "", } base_var_dict.update(extra_vars) for env_var in ("LANG", "LC_CTYPE"): for locale_to_set in ("", "C", "POSIX", "invalid.ascii"): # XXX (ncoghlan): *BSD platforms don't behave as expected in the # POSIX locale, so we skip that for now # See https://bugs.python.org/issue30672 for discussion if locale_to_set == "POSIX": continue # Platforms using UTF-8 in the C locale do not print # CLI_COERCION_WARNING when all the locale envt variables are # not set or set to the empty string. _expected_warnings = expected_warnings for _env_var in base_var_dict: if base_var_dict[_env_var]: break else: if (C_LOCALE_STREAM_ENCODING == "utf-8" and locale_to_set == "" and coerce_c_locale == "warn"): _expected_warnings = None with self.subTest(env_var=env_var, nominal_locale=locale_to_set, PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=coerce_c_locale): var_dict = base_var_dict.copy() var_dict[env_var] = locale_to_set if coerce_c_locale is not None: var_dict["PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE"] = coerce_c_locale # Check behaviour on successful coercion self._check_child_encoding_details(var_dict, fs_encoding, stream_encoding, _expected_warnings, coercion_expected) def test_test_PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE_not_set(self): # This should coerce to the first available target locale by default self._check_c_locale_coercion("utf-8", "utf-8", coerce_c_locale=None) def test_PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE_not_zero(self): # *Any* string other than "0" is considered "set" for our purposes # and hence should result in the locale coercion being enabled for setting in ("", "1", "true", "false"): self._check_c_locale_coercion("utf-8", "utf-8", coerce_c_locale=setting) def test_PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE_set_to_warn(self): # PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=warn enables runtime warnings for legacy locales self._check_c_locale_coercion("utf-8", "utf-8", coerce_c_locale="warn", expected_warnings=[CLI_COERCION_WARNING]) def test_PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE_set_to_zero(self): # The setting "0" should result in the locale coercion being disabled self._check_c_locale_coercion(C_LOCALE_FS_ENCODING, C_LOCALE_STREAM_ENCODING, coerce_c_locale="0", coercion_expected=False) # Setting LC_ALL=C shouldn't make any difference to the behaviour self._check_c_locale_coercion(C_LOCALE_FS_ENCODING, C_LOCALE_STREAM_ENCODING, coerce_c_locale="0", LC_ALL="C", coercion_expected=False) def test_LC_ALL_set_to_C(self): # Setting LC_ALL should render the locale coercion ineffective self._check_c_locale_coercion(C_LOCALE_FS_ENCODING, C_LOCALE_STREAM_ENCODING, coerce_c_locale=None, LC_ALL="C", coercion_expected=False) # And result in a warning about a lack of locale compatibility self._check_c_locale_coercion(C_LOCALE_FS_ENCODING, C_LOCALE_STREAM_ENCODING, coerce_c_locale="warn", LC_ALL="C", expected_warnings=[LEGACY_LOCALE_WARNING], coercion_expected=False) def test_main(): test.support.run_unittest( LocaleConfigurationTests, LocaleCoercionTests ) test.support.reap_children() if __name__ == "__main__": test_main()