Building Python using VC++ 9.0 ------------------------------ This directory is used to build Python for Win32 platforms, e.g. Windows 2000, XP and Vista. It requires Microsoft Visual C++ 9.0 (a.k.a. Visual Studio .NET 2008). (For other Windows platforms and compilers, see ../PC/readme.txt.) All you need to do is open the workspace "pcbuild.sln" in Visual Studio, select the desired combination of configuration and platform and eventually build the solution. Unless you are going to debug a problem in the core or you are going to create an optimized build you want to select "Release" as configuration. The PCbuild directory is compatible with all versions of Visual Studio from VS C++ Express Edition over the standard edition up to the professional edition. However the express edition does support features like solution folders or profile guided optimization (PGO). The missing bits and pieces won't stop you from building Python. The solution is configured to build the projects in the correct order. "Build Solution" or F7 takes care of dependencies except for x64 builds. To make cross compiling x64 builds on a 32bit OS possible the x64 builds require a 32bit version of Python. NOTE: You probably don't want to build most of the other subprojects, unless you're building an entire Python distribution from scratch, or specifically making changes to the subsystems they implement, or are running a Python core buildbot test slave; see SUBPROJECTS below) When using the Debug setting, the output files have a _d added to their name: python30_d.dll, python_d.exe, parser_d.pyd, and so on. Both the build and rt batch files accept a -d option for debug builds. The 32bit builds end up in the solution folder PCbuild while the x64 builds land in the amd64 subfolder. The PGI and PGO builds for profile guided optimization end up in their own folders, too. Legacy support -------------- You can find build directories for older versions of Visual Studio and Visual C++ in the PC directory. The legacy build directories are no longer actively maintained and may not work out of the box. PC/VC6/ Visual C++ 6.0 PC/VS7.1/ Visual Studio 2003 (7.1) PCbuild8/ Visual Studio 2005 (8.0) C RUNTIME --------- Visual Studio 2008 uses version 9 of the C runtime (MSVCRT9). The executables are linked to a CRT "side by side" assembly which must be present on the target machine. This is avalible under the VC/Redist folder of your visual studio distribution. On XP and later operating systems that support side-by-side assemblies it is not enough to have the msvcrt80.dll present, it has to be there as a whole assembly, that is, a folder with the .dll and a .manifest. Also, a check is made for the correct version. Therefore, one should distribute this assembly with the dlls, and keep it in the same directory. For compatibility with older systems, one should also set the PATH to this directory so that the dll can be found. For more info, see the Readme in the VC/Redist folder. SUBPROJECTS ----------- These subprojects should build out of the box. Subprojects other than the main ones (pythoncore, python, pythonw) generally build a DLL (renamed to .pyd) from a specific module so that users don't have to load the code supporting that module unless they import the module. pythoncore .dll and .lib python .exe pythonw pythonw.exe, a variant of python.exe that doesn't pop up a DOS box _socket socketmodule.c _testcapi tests of the Python C API, run via Lib/test/test_capi.py, and implemented by module Modules/_testcapimodule.c pyexpat Python wrapper for accelerated XML parsing, which incorporates stable code from the Expat project: http://sourceforge.net/projects/expat/ select selectmodule.c unicodedata large tables of Unicode data winsound play sounds (typically .wav files) under Windows The following subprojects will generally NOT build out of the box. They wrap code Python doesn't control, and you'll need to download the base packages first and unpack them into siblings of PCbuilds's parent directory; for example, if your PCbuild is ..\dist\py3k\PCbuild\, unpack into new subdirectories of ..\dist\. _tkinter Python wrapper for the Tk windowing system. Requires building Tcl/Tk first. Following are instructions for Tcl/Tk 8.4.16. NOTE: The 64 build builds must land in tcltk64 instead of tcltk. Get source ---------- In the dist directory, run svn export http://svn.python.org/projects/external/tcl8.4.16 svn export http://svn.python.org/projects/external/tk8.4.16 svn export http://svn.python.org/projects/external/tix-8.4.0 Build with build_tkinter.py --------------------------- The PCbuild directory contains a Python script which automates all steps. Run the script in a Visual Studio 2008 command prompt with python build_tkinter.py Win32 Use x64 instead of Win32 for the x64 platform. NOTE: Tcl/Tk 8.4 doesn't compile for x64. Build Tcl first --------------- Use "Start -> All Programs -> Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 -> Visual Studio Tools -> Visual Studio 2008 Command Prompt" to get a shell window with the correct environment settings cd dist\tcl8.4.16\win nmake -f makefile.vc nmake -f makefile.vc INSTALLDIR=..\..\tcltk install XXX Should we compile with OPTS=threads? Optional: run tests, via nmake -f makefile.vc test On WinXP Pro, wholly up to date as of 30-Aug-2004: all.tcl: Total 10678 Passed 9969 Skipped 709 Failed 0 Sourced 129 Test Files. Build Tk -------- cd dist\tk8.4.16\win nmake -f makefile.vc TCLDIR=..\..\tcl8.4.16 nmake -f makefile.vc TCLDIR=..\..\tcl8.4.16 INSTALLDIR=..\..\tcltk install XXX Should we compile with OPTS=threads? XXX Our installer copies a lot of stuff out of the Tcl/Tk install XXX directory. Is all of that really needed for Python use of Tcl/Tk? Optional: run tests, via nmake -f makefile.vc TCLDIR=..\..\tcl8.4.16 test On WinXP Pro, wholly up to date as of 30-Aug-2004: all.tcl: Total 8420 Passed 6826 Skipped 1581 Failed 13 Sourced 91 Test Files. Files with failing tests: canvImg.test scrollbar.test textWind.test winWm.test Built Tix --------- cd dist\tix-8.4.0\win nmake -f python9.mak nmake -f python9.mak install bz2 Python wrapper for the libbz2 compression library. Homepage http://sources.redhat.com/bzip2/ Download the source from the python.org copy into the dist directory: svn export http://svn.python.org/projects/external/bzip2-1.0.3 A custom pre-link step in the bz2 project settings should manage to build bzip2-1.0.3\libbz2.lib by magic before bz2.pyd (or bz2_d.pyd) is linked in PCbuild\. However, the bz2 project is not smart enough to remove anything under bzip2-1.0.3\ when you do a clean, so if you want to rebuild bzip2.lib you need to clean up bzip2-1.0.3\ by hand. All of this managed to build libbz2.lib in bzip2-1.0.3\$platform-$configuration\, which the Python project links in. _bsddb To use the version of bsddb that Python is built with by default, invoke (in the dist directory) svn export http://svn.python.org/projects/external/db-4.4.20 Next open the solution file db-4.4.20\build_win32\Berkeley_DB.sln with Visual Studio and convert the projects to the new format. VS 2008 builds the necessary libraries in a pre-link step of _bsddb. You have to add "$(VCInstallDir)vcpackages" to the search path first (Tools -> Options -> Projects and Solutions -> VC++ Directories, Platform: Win32, Show directories for: Executable files). The _bsddb subprojects depends only on the db_static project of Berkeley DB. You have to choose either "Release", "Release AMD64", "Debug" or "Debug AMD64" as configuration. Alternatively, if you want to start with the original sources, go to Sleepycat's download page: http://www.sleepycat.com/downloads/releasehistorybdb.html and download version 4.4.20. With or without strong cryptography? You can choose either with or without strong cryptography, as per the instructions below. By default, Python is built and distributed WITHOUT strong crypto. Unpack the sources; if you downloaded the non-crypto version, rename the directory from db-4.4.20.NC to db-4.4.20. Now apply any patches that apply to your version. Open db-4.4.20\docs\ref\build_win\intro.html and follow the "Windows->Building Berkeley DB with Visual C++ .NET" instructions for building the Sleepycat software. Note that Berkeley_DB.dsw is in the build_win32 subdirectory. Build the "db_static" project, for "Release" mode. To run extensive tests, pass "-u bsddb" to regrtest.py. test_bsddb3.py is then enabled. Running in verbose mode may be helpful. _sqlite3 Python wrapper for SQLite library. Get the source code through svn export http://svn.python.org/projects/external/sqlite-source-3.3.4 To use the extension module in a Python build tree, copy sqlite3.dll into the PCbuild folder. The source directory in svn also contains a .def file from the binary release of sqlite3. _ssl Python wrapper for the secure sockets library. Get the source code through svn export http://svn.python.org/projects/external/openssl-0.9.8g Alternatively, get the latest version from http://www.openssl.org. You can (theoretically) use any version of OpenSSL you like - the build process will automatically select the latest version. You must install the NASM assembler from http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/devel/nasm/binaries/win32/ for x86 builds. Put nasmw.exe anywhere in your PATH. You can also install ActivePerl from http://www.activestate.com/Products/ActivePerl/ if you like to use the official sources instead of the files from python's subversion repository. The svn version contains pre-build makefiles and assembly files. The build process makes sure that no patented algorithms are included. For now RC5, MDC2 and IDEA are excluded from the build. You may have to manually remove $(OBJ_D)\i_*.obj from ms\nt.mak if the build process complains about missing files or forbidden IDEA. Again the files provided in the subversion repository are already fixed. The MSVC project simply invokes PCBuild/build_ssl.py to perform the build. This Python script locates and builds your OpenSSL installation, then invokes a simple makefile to build the final .pyd. build_ssl.py attempts to catch the most common errors (such as not being able to find OpenSSL sources, or not being able to find a Perl that works with OpenSSL) and give a reasonable error message. If you have a problem that doesn't seem to be handled correctly (eg, you know you have ActivePerl but we can't find it), please take a peek at build_ssl.py and suggest patches. Note that build_ssl.py should be able to be run directly from the command-line. build_ssl.py/MSVC isn't clever enough to clean OpenSSL - you must do this by hand. Building for Itanium -------------------- NOTE: Official support for Itanium builds have been dropped from the build. Please contact us and provide patches if you are interested in Itanium builds. The project files support a ReleaseItanium configuration which creates Win64/Itanium binaries. For this to work, you need to install the Platform SDK, in particular the 64-bit support. This includes an Itanium compiler (future releases of the SDK likely include an AMD64 compiler as well). In addition, you need the Visual Studio plugin for external C compilers, from http://sf.net/projects/vsextcomp. The plugin will wrap cl.exe, to locate the proper target compiler, and convert compiler options accordingly. The project files require atleast version 0.9. Building for AMD64 ------------------ The build process for AMD64 / x64 is very similar to standard builds. You just have to set x64 as platform. Building Python Using the free MS Toolkit Compiler -------------------------------------------------- Microsoft has withdrawn the free MS Toolkit Compiler, so this can no longer be considered a supported option. Instead you can use the free VS C++ Express Edition. Profile Guided Optimization --------------------------- The solution has two configurations for PGO. The PGInstrument configuration must be build first. The PGInstrument binaries are lniked against a profiling library and contain extra debug information. The PGUpdate configuration takes the profiling data and generates optimized binaries. The build_pgo.bat script automates the creation of optimized binaries. It creates the PGI files, runs the unit test suite or PyBench with the PGI python and finally creates the optimized files. http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/e7k32f4k(VS.90).aspx Static library -------------- The solution has no configuration for static libraries. However it is easy it build a static library instead of a DLL. You simply have to set the "Configuration Type" to "Static Library (.lib)" and alter the preprocessor macro "Py_ENABLE_SHARED" to "Py_NO_ENABLE_SHARED". You may also have to change the "Runtime Library" from "Multi-threaded DLL (/MD)" to "Multi-threaded (/MT)". Visual Studio properties ------------------------ The PCbuild solution makes heavy use of Visual Studio property files (*.vsprops). The properties can be viewed and altered in the Property Manager (View -> Other Windows -> Property Manager). * debug (debug macro: _DEBUG) * pginstrument (PGO) * pgupdate (PGO) +-- pginstrument * pyd (python extension, release build) +-- release +-- pyproject * pyd_d (python extension, debug build) +-- debug +-- pyproject * pyproject (base settings for all projects, user macros like PyDllName) * release (release macro: NDEBUG) * x64 (AMD64 / x64 platform specific settings) The pyproject propertyfile defines _WIN32 and x64 defines _WIN64 and _M_X64 although the macros are set by the compiler, too. The GUI doesn't always know about the macros and confuse the user with false information. YOUR OWN EXTENSION DLLs ----------------------- If you want to create your own extension module DLL, there's an example with easy-to-follow instructions in ../PC/example/; read the file readme.txt there first.