clear_carefully() used to do in import.c. Differences: leave only
__builtins__ alone in the 2nd pass; and don't clear the dictionary (on
the theory that as long as there are references left to the
dictionary, those might be destructors that might expect __builtins__
to be alive when they run; and __builtins__ can't normally be part of
a cycle).
embedders to force a different PYTHONHOME.
- Add new interface PyErr_PrintEx(flag); same as PyErr_Print() but
flag determines whether sys.last_* are set or not. PyErr_Print()
now simply calls PyErr_PrintEx(1).
signal handlers in a fork()ed child process when Python is compiled with
thread support. The bug was reported by Scott <scott@chronis.icgroup.com>.
What happens is that after a fork(), the variables used by the signal
module to determine whether this is the main thread or not are bogus,
and it decides that no thread is the main thread, so no signals will
be delivered.
The solution is the addition of PyOS_AfterFork(), which fixes the signal
module's variables. A dummy version of the function is present in the
intrcheck.c source file which is linked when the signal module is not
used.
is like PyImport_ImporModule(name) but receives the globals and locals
dict and the fromlist arguments as well. (The name is a char*; the
others are PyObject*s).
PyExc_NumberError, and PyExc_LookupError. Also added extern for
pre-instantiated exception instance PyExc_MemoryErrorInst.
Removed extern of obsolete exception PyExc_AccessError.
- int PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(obj1, obj2)
Returns 1 if obj1 and obj2 are the same object, or if obj1 is an
instance of type obj2, or of a class derived from obj2
- int PyErr_ExceptionMatches(obj)
Higher level wrapper around PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches() which uses
PyErr_Occurred() as obj1. This will be the more commonly called
function.
- void PyErr_NormalizeException(typeptr, valptr, tbptr)
Normalizes exceptions, and places the normalized values in the
arguments. If type is not a class, this does nothing. If type is a
class, then it makes sure that value is an instance of the class by:
1. if instance is of the type, or a class derived from type, it does
nothing.
2. otherwise it instantiates the class, using the value as an
argument. If value is None, it uses an empty arg tuple, and if
the value is a tuple, it uses just that.
Py_DECREF, to reduce the warnings when compiling with reference count
debugging on. (There are still warnings for each call to
_Py_NewReference -- too bad.)
Introduce truly separate (sub)interpreter objects. For now, these
must be used by separate threads, created from C. See Demo/pysvr for
an example of how to use this. This also rationalizes Python's
initialization and finalization behavior:
Py_Initialize() -- initialize the whole interpreter
Py_Finalize() -- finalize the whole interpreter
tstate = Py_NewInterpreter() -- create a new (sub)interpreter
Py_EndInterpreter(tstate) -- delete a new (sub)interpreter
There are also new interfaces relating to threads and the interpreter
lock, which can be used to create new threads, and sometimes have to
be used to manipulate the interpreter lock when creating or deleting
sub-interpreters. These are only defined when WITH_THREAD is defined:
PyEval_AcquireLock() -- acquire the interpreter lock
PyEval_ReleaseLock() -- release the interpreter lock
PyEval_AcquireThread(tstate) -- acquire the lock and make the thread current
PyEval_ReleaseThread(tstate) -- release the lock and make NULL current
Other administrative changes:
- The header file bltinmodule.h is deleted.
- The init functions for Import, Sys and Builtin are now internal and
declared in pythonrun.h.
- Py_Setup() and Py_Cleanup() are no longer declared.
- The interpreter state and thread state structures are now linked
together in a chain (the chain of interpreters is a static variable
in pythonrun.c).
- Some members of the interpreter and thread structures have new,
shorter, more consistent, names.
- Added declarations for _PyImport_{Find,Fixup}Extension() to import.h.
PyThreadState pointer instead of a (frame) PyObject pointer. This
makes much more sense. It is backward incompatible, but that's no
problem, because (a) the heaviest users are the Py_{BEGIN,END}_
ALLOW_THREADS macros here, which have been fixed too; (b) there are
very few direct users; (c) those who use it are there will probably
appreciate the change.
Also, added new functions PyEval_AcquireThread() and
PyEval_ReleaseThread() which allows the threads created by the thread
module as well threads created by others (!) to set/reset the current
thread, and at the same time acquire/release the interpreter lock.
Much saner.
last variable to which a floating point expression is assigned. The
macro passes its address to a dummy function so that the optimizer
can't delay calculating its value until after the macro.
Guido van Rossum
Barry Warsaw
Fred Drake