diff --git a/Lib/argparse.py b/Lib/argparse.py
index 5d3ce2ad709..9c710cef5b6 100644
--- a/Lib/argparse.py
+++ b/Lib/argparse.py
@@ -2199,24 +2199,23 @@ class ArgumentParser(_AttributeHolder, _ActionsContainer):
                 action = self._option_string_actions[option_string]
                 return action, option_string, explicit_arg
 
-        if self.allow_abbrev or not arg_string.startswith('--'):
-            # search through all possible prefixes of the option string
-            # and all actions in the parser for possible interpretations
-            option_tuples = self._get_option_tuples(arg_string)
+        # search through all possible prefixes of the option string
+        # and all actions in the parser for possible interpretations
+        option_tuples = self._get_option_tuples(arg_string)
 
-            # if multiple actions match, the option string was ambiguous
-            if len(option_tuples) > 1:
-                options = ', '.join([option_string
-                    for action, option_string, explicit_arg in option_tuples])
-                args = {'option': arg_string, 'matches': options}
-                msg = _('ambiguous option: %(option)s could match %(matches)s')
-                self.error(msg % args)
+        # if multiple actions match, the option string was ambiguous
+        if len(option_tuples) > 1:
+            options = ', '.join([option_string
+                for action, option_string, explicit_arg in option_tuples])
+            args = {'option': arg_string, 'matches': options}
+            msg = _('ambiguous option: %(option)s could match %(matches)s')
+            self.error(msg % args)
 
-            # if exactly one action matched, this segmentation is good,
-            # so return the parsed action
-            elif len(option_tuples) == 1:
-                option_tuple, = option_tuples
-                return option_tuple
+        # if exactly one action matched, this segmentation is good,
+        # so return the parsed action
+        elif len(option_tuples) == 1:
+            option_tuple, = option_tuples
+            return option_tuple
 
         # if it was not found as an option, but it looks like a negative
         # number, it was meant to be positional
@@ -2240,16 +2239,17 @@ class ArgumentParser(_AttributeHolder, _ActionsContainer):
         # split at the '='
         chars = self.prefix_chars
         if option_string[0] in chars and option_string[1] in chars:
-            if '=' in option_string:
-                option_prefix, explicit_arg = option_string.split('=', 1)
-            else:
-                option_prefix = option_string
-                explicit_arg = None
-            for option_string in self._option_string_actions:
-                if option_string.startswith(option_prefix):
-                    action = self._option_string_actions[option_string]
-                    tup = action, option_string, explicit_arg
-                    result.append(tup)
+            if self.allow_abbrev:
+                if '=' in option_string:
+                    option_prefix, explicit_arg = option_string.split('=', 1)
+                else:
+                    option_prefix = option_string
+                    explicit_arg = None
+                for option_string in self._option_string_actions:
+                    if option_string.startswith(option_prefix):
+                        action = self._option_string_actions[option_string]
+                        tup = action, option_string, explicit_arg
+                        result.append(tup)
 
         # single character options can be concatenated with their arguments
         # but multiple character options always have to have their argument
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_argparse.py b/Lib/test/test_argparse.py
index 60bf19918b7..b095783a02e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_argparse.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_argparse.py
@@ -810,6 +810,23 @@ class TestOptionalsDisallowLongAbbreviation(ParserTestCase):
     ]
 
 
+class TestOptionalsDisallowLongAbbreviationPrefixChars(ParserTestCase):
+    """Disallowing abbreviations works with alternative prefix characters"""
+
+    parser_signature = Sig(prefix_chars='+', allow_abbrev=False)
+    argument_signatures = [
+        Sig('++foo'),
+        Sig('++foodle', action='store_true'),
+        Sig('++foonly'),
+    ]
+    failures = ['+foon 3', '++foon 3', '++food', '++food ++foo 2']
+    successes = [
+        ('', NS(foo=None, foodle=False, foonly=None)),
+        ('++foo 3', NS(foo='3', foodle=False, foonly=None)),
+        ('++foonly 7 ++foodle ++foo 2', NS(foo='2', foodle=True, foonly='7')),
+    ]
+
+
 class TestDisallowLongAbbreviationAllowsShortGrouping(ParserTestCase):
     """Do not allow abbreviations of long options at all"""
 
@@ -828,6 +845,26 @@ class TestDisallowLongAbbreviationAllowsShortGrouping(ParserTestCase):
         ('-ccrcc', NS(r='cc', c=2)),
     ]
 
+
+class TestDisallowLongAbbreviationAllowsShortGroupingPrefix(ParserTestCase):
+    """Short option grouping works with custom prefix and allow_abbrev=False"""
+
+    parser_signature = Sig(prefix_chars='+', allow_abbrev=False)
+    argument_signatures = [
+        Sig('+r'),
+        Sig('+c', action='count'),
+    ]
+    failures = ['+r', '+c +r']
+    successes = [
+        ('', NS(r=None, c=None)),
+        ('+ra', NS(r='a', c=None)),
+        ('+rcc', NS(r='cc', c=None)),
+        ('+cc', NS(r=None, c=2)),
+        ('+cc +ra', NS(r='a', c=2)),
+        ('+ccrcc', NS(r='cc', c=2)),
+    ]
+
+
 # ================
 # Positional tests
 # ================
diff --git a/Misc/ACKS b/Misc/ACKS
index 933402069b4..e8ce30310bf 100644
--- a/Misc/ACKS
+++ b/Misc/ACKS
@@ -1112,6 +1112,7 @@ Bruce Merry
 Alexis Métaireau
 Luke Mewburn
 Carl Meyer
+Kyle Meyer
 Mike Meyer
 Piotr Meyer
 Steven Miale
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2020-02-03-15-12-51.bpo-39546._Kj0Pn.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2020-02-03-15-12-51.bpo-39546._Kj0Pn.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8f035e79963
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2020-02-03-15-12-51.bpo-39546._Kj0Pn.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Fix a regression in :class:`~argparse.ArgumentParser` where
+``allow_abbrev=False`` was ignored for long options that used a prefix
+character other than "-".