diff --git a/xbnet/.github/workflows/build.yml b/xbnet/.github/workflows/build.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..35e7945 --- /dev/null +++ b/xbnet/.github/workflows/build.yml @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +name: build + + +on: + push: + branches: [ master ] + tags: '*' + pull_request: + branches: [ master ] + +env: + CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always + +jobs: + build: + + runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }} + strategy: + matrix: + os: [ubuntu-18.04, ubuntu-latest] + + steps: + - uses: actions/checkout@v2 + - name: Prep build for ${{ matrix.os }} + run: sudo apt-get install libudev-dev + - name: Build for ${{ matrix.os }} + run: cargo build --verbose --release + - name: Run tests for ${{ matrix.os }} + run: cargo test --verbose + - name: Create Release for ${{ matrix.os }} + id: create_release + uses: actions/create-release@v1 + continue-on-error: true + if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags') + env: + GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} + with: + tag_name: ${{ github.ref }} + release_name: Release ${{ github.ref }} + draft: false + prerelease: false + - name: Upload binaries to release for ${{ matrix.os }} + uses: svenstaro/upload-release-action@v2 + if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags') + with: + repo_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} + file: target/release/xbnet + asset_name: xbnet-${{ matrix.os }}.bin + tag: ${{ github.ref }} + overwrite: true + body: "" diff --git a/xbnet/.gitignore b/xbnet/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..257b3ee --- /dev/null +++ b/xbnet/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +/target +**/*.rs.bk +*~ +\#* +br*.txt diff --git a/xbnet/COPYING b/xbnet/COPYING new file mode 100644 index 0000000..94a9ed0 --- /dev/null +++ b/xbnet/COPYING @@ -0,0 +1,674 @@ + GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE + Version 3, 29 June 2007 + + Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. + + Preamble + + The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for +software and other kinds of works. + + The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed +to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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100644 index 0000000..5f8ee70 --- /dev/null +++ b/xbnet/Cargo.toml @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +# Copyright (C) 2019-2020 John Goerzen . + + +[package] +name = "xbnet" +version = "1.1.0" +authors = ["John Goerzen "] +edition = "2018" +license = "GPL-3.0+" +description = "Run TCP/IP over XBee RF radio links" +homepage = "https://github.com/jgoerzen/xbnet" +repository = "https://github.com/jgoerzen/xbnet" +readme = "README.md" +keywords = ["radio", "networking", "serial", "xbee"] +categories = ["embedded", "network-programming", "command-line-utilities"] + +# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html + +[dependencies] +serialport = "3.3.0" +log = "0.4" +simplelog = {version = "^0.7.4", default-features = false} +hex = "0.4.2" +crossbeam-channel = "0.3.9" +format_escape_default = "0.1.1" +structopt = {version = "0.3", default-features = false} +tun-tap = {version = "0.1.2", default-features = false} +bytes = "0.5" +etherparse = "0.9.0" diff --git a/xbnet/README.md b/xbnet/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8912639 --- /dev/null +++ b/xbnet/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# XBee Networking Tools + +![build](https://github.com/jgoerzen/xbnet/workflows/build/badge.svg) ![docs](https://docs.rs/xbnet/badge.svg) + + +This package is for doing fantastic things with your XBee device. You can, of course, already use it as a serial replacement, so you can run PPP and UUCP across it. XBee radios are low-cost, long-range, low-speed devices; with bitrates from 10Kbps to 250Kbps, they can reach many miles using simple antennas and low cost. + +With xbnet, you can also run Ethernet across it. Or ZModem. Or TCP/IP (IPv4 and IPv6). SPX if you want? I guess so. SSH? Of course! + +This is tested with the XBee SX modules, but ought to work with any modern XBee module. + +XBee devices are particularly interesting because of their self-healing mesh (DigiMesh) technology. They will auto-route traffic to the destination, via intermediate hops if necessary. They also support bitrates high enough for a TCP stack, with nearly the range of LoRA. + +**For details, see the [extensive documentation](https://github.com/jgoerzen/xbnet/blob/master/doc/xbnet.1.md)**. + +This is a followup to, and fork of, my [lorapipe](https://github.com/jgoerzen/lorapipe) project, which is something similar for LoRA radios. + +# Copyright + + Copyright (C) 2019-2020 John Goerzen + + This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify + it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by + the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or + (at your option) any later version. + + This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with this program. If not, see . diff --git a/xbnet/doc/Makefile b/xbnet/doc/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..16290a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/xbnet/doc/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +ALL: xbnet.1 + +%.1: %.1.md + pandoc --standalone --to man $< -o $@ diff --git a/xbnet/doc/xbnet.1 b/xbnet/doc/xbnet.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e0322be --- /dev/null +++ b/xbnet/doc/xbnet.1 @@ -0,0 +1,596 @@ +.\" Automatically generated by Pandoc 2.2.1 +.\" +.TH "XBNET" "1" "October 2019" "John Goerzen" "xbnet Manual" +.hy +.SH NAME +.PP +xbnet \- Transfer data and run a network over XBee long\-range radios +.SH SYNOPSIS +.PP +\f[B]xbnet\f[] [ \f[I]OPTIONS\f[] ] \f[B]PORT\f[] \f[B]COMMAND\f[] [ +\f[I]command_options\f[] ] +.SH OVERVIEW +.PP +\f[B]xbnet\f[] is designed to integrate XBee long\-range radios into a +Unix/Linux system. +In particular, xbnet can: +.IP \[bu] 2 +Bidirectionally pipe data across a XBee radio system +.IP \[bu] 2 +Do an RF ping +.IP \[bu] 2 +Operate as a virtual Ethernet device or a virtual tunnel device +.RS 2 +.IP \[bu] 2 +Run TCP/IP (IPv4 and IPv6) atop either of these. +.RE +.SH HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS +.PP +\f[B]xbnet\f[] is designed to run with a Digi XBee device. +It is tested with the SX devices but should work with any. +.PP +Drivers for other hardware may be added in the future. +.SH PROTOCOL +.PP +XBee frames are smaller than typical Ethernet or TCP frames. +XBee frames, in fact, are typically limited to about 255 bytes on the SX +series; other devices may have different limits. +Therefore, xbnet supports fragmentation and reassembly. +It will split a frame to be transmitted into the size supported by XBee, +and reassemble on the other end. +.PP +XBee, of course, cannot guarantee that all frames will be received, and +therefore xbnet can't make that guarantee either. +However, the protocols you may run atop it \[en] from UUCP to ZModem to +TCP/IP \[en] should handle this. +.PP +When running in \f[B]xbnet tap\f[] mode, it is simulating an Ethernet +interface. +Every Ethernet packet has a source and destination MAC address. +xbnet will maintain a cache of the Ethernet MAC addresses it has seen +and what XBee MAC address they came from. +Therefore, when it sees a request to transmit to a certain Ethernet MAC, +it will reuse what it knows from its cache and direct the packet to the +appropriate XBee destination. +Ethernet broadcasts are converted into XBee broadcasts. +.PP +The \f[B]xbnet tun\f[] mode operates in a similar fashion; it keeps a +cache of seen IP addresses and their corresponding XBee MAC addresses, +and directs packets appropriately. +.SH RADIO PARAMETERS AND INITIALIZATION +.PP +This program requires API mode from the board. +It will perform that initialization automatically. +Additional configurations may be added by you using the +\f[B]\[en]initfile\f[] option. +.SH APPLICATION HINTS +.SS FULL TCP/IP USING TUN +.PP +This is the marquee feature of xbnet. +It provides a full TCP/IP stack across the XBee links, supporting both +IPv4 and IPv6. +You can do anything you wish with the participating nodes in your mesh: +ping, ssh, route the Internet across them, etc. +Up to you! A Raspberry Pi with wifi and xbnet could provide an Internet +gateway for an entire XBee mesh, if you so desire. +.PP +This works by creating a virtual network device in Linux, called a +\[lq]tun\[rq] device. +Traffic going out that device will be routed onto XBee, and traffic +coming in will be routed to the computer. +.PP +To make this work, you will first bring up the interface with xbnet. +Then, give it an IP address with ifconfig or ipaddr. +Do the same on the remote end, and boom, you can ping! +.PP +Note that for this mode, xbnet must be run as root (or granted +\f[C]CAP_NET_ADMIN\f[]). +.PP +Here's an example. +Start on machine A: +.IP +.nf +\f[C] +sudo\ xbnet\ /dev/ttyUSB3\ tun +\f[] +.fi +.PP +Wait until it tells you what interface it created. +By default, this will be \f[B]xbnet0\f[]. +Now run: +.IP +.nf +\f[C] +sudo\ ip\ addr\ add\ 192.168.3.3/24\ dev\ xbnet0 +sudo\ ip\ link\ set\ dev\ xbnet0\ up +\f[] +.fi +.PP +If you don't have the \f[B]ip\f[] program, you can use the older\-style +\f[B]ifconfig\f[] instead. +This one command does the same as the two newer\-style ones above: +.IP +.nf +\f[C] +sudo\ ifconfig\ xbnet0\ 192.168.3.3\ netmask\ 255.255.255.0\ +\f[] +.fi +.PP +Now, on machine B, start xbnet the same as on machine A. +Give it a different IP +.IP +.nf +\f[C] +sudo\ ip\ addr\ add\ 192.168.3.4/24\ dev\ xbnet0 +sudo\ ip\ link\ set\ dev\ xbnet0\ up +\f[] +.fi +.PP +Now you can ping from A to B: +.IP +.nf +\f[C] +ping\ 192.168.3.4 +PING\ 192.168.3.4\ (192.168.3.4)\ 56(84)\ bytes\ of\ data. +64\ bytes\ from\ 192.168.3.4:\ icmp_seq=1\ ttl=64\ time=130\ ms +64\ bytes\ from\ 192.168.3.4:\ icmp_seq=2\ ttl=64\ time=89.1\ ms +64\ bytes\ from\ 192.168.3.4:\ icmp_seq=3\ ttl=64\ time=81.6\ ms +\f[] +.fi +.PP +For more details, see the tun command below. +.SS ETHERNET MODE WITH TAP +.PP +The tap mode is similar to the tun mode, except it simulates a full +Ethernet connection. +You might want this if you need to run a non\-IP protocol, or if you +want to do something like bridge two Ethernet segments. +The configuration is very similar. +.PP +Be aware that a lot of programs generate broadcasts across an Ethernet +interface, and bridging will do even more. +It would be easy to overwhelm your XBee network with this kind of cruft, +so the tun mode is recommended unless you have a specific need for tap. +.SS TRANSPARENT MODE +.PP +XBee systems have a \[lq]transparent mode\[rq] in which you can +configure a particular destination and use them as a raw serial port. +You should definitely consider if this meets your needs for +serial\-based protocols; it would eliminate xbnet from the path +entirely. +.PP +However, you may still wish to use xbnet; perhaps for its debugging. +Also there are some scenarios (such at TCP/IP with multiple +destinations) that really cannot be done in transparent mode \[en] and +that is what xbnet is for, and where it shines. +.SS SOCAT +.PP +The \f[B]socat\f[](1) program can be particularly helpful; it can +gateway TCP ports and various other sorts of things into \f[B]xbnet\f[]. +This is helpful if the \f[B]xbnet\f[] system is across a network from +the system you wish to run an application on. +\f[B]ssh\f[](1) can also be useful for this purpose. +.PP +A basic command might be like this: +.IP +.nf +\f[C] +socat\ TCP\-LISTEN:12345\ EXEC:\[aq]xbnet\ /dev/ttyUSB0\ pipe\ \-\-dest=1234,pty,rawer\[aq] +\f[] +.fi +.PP +Some systems might require disabling buffering in some situations, or +using a pty. +In those instances, something like this may be in order: +.IP +.nf +\f[C] +socat\ TCP\-LISTEN:10104\ EXEC:\[aq]stdbuf\ \-i0\ \-o0\ \-e0\ xbnet\ /dev/ttyUSB4\ pipe\ \-\-dest=1234,pty,rawer\[aq] +\f[] +.fi +.SS UUCP +.PP +For UUCP, I recommend protocol \f[C]i\f[] with the default window\-size +setting. +Use as large of a packet size as you can; for slow links, perhaps 32, up +to around 244 for fast, high\-quality links. +.PP +Protocol \f[C]g\f[] (or \f[C]G\f[] with a smaller packet size) can also +work, but won't work as well. +.PP +Make sure to specify \f[C]half\-duplex\ true\f[] in +\f[C]/etc/uucp/port\f[]. +.PP +Here is an example of settings in \f[C]sys\f[]: +.IP +.nf +\f[C] +protocol\ i +protocol\-parameter\ i\ packet\-size\ 90 +protocol\-parameter\ i\ timeout\ 30 +chat\-timeout\ 60 +\f[] +.fi +.PP +Note that UUCP protocol i adds 10 bytes of overhead per packet and xbnet +adds 1 byte of overhead, so this is designed to work with the default +recommended packet size of 255. +.PP +Then in \f[C]/etc/uucp/port\f[]: +.IP +.nf +\f[C] +half\-duplex\ true +reliable\ false +\f[] +.fi +.SS YMODEM (and generic example of bidirectional pipe) +.PP +ZModem makes a good fit for the higher bitrate XBee modules. +For the slower settings, consider YModem; its 128\-byte block size may +be more suitable for very slow links than ZModem's 1K. +.PP +Here's an example of how to make it work. +Let's say we want to transmit /bin/true over the radio. +We could run this: +.IP +.nf +\f[C] +socat\ EXEC:\[aq]sz\ \-\-ymodem\ /bin/true\[aq]\ EXEC:\[aq]xbnet\ /dev/ttyUSB0\ pipe\ \-\-dest=1234,pty,rawer\[aq] +\f[] +.fi +.PP +And on the receiving end: +.IP +.nf +\f[C] +socat\ EXEC:\[aq]rz\ \-\-ymodem\[aq]\ EXEC:\[aq]xbnet\ /dev/ttyUSB0\ pipe\ \-\-dest=5678,pty,rawer\[aq] +\f[] +.fi +.PP +This approach can also be used with many other programs. +For instance, \f[C]uucico\ \-l\f[] for UUCP logins. +.SS KERMIT +.PP +Using the C\-kermit distribution (\f[B]apt\-get install ckermit\f[]), +you can configure for \f[B]xbnet\f[] like this: +.IP +.nf +\f[C] +set\ duplex\ half +set\ window\ 2 +set\ receive\ timeout\ 10 +set\ send\ timeout\ 10 +\f[] +.fi +.PP +Then, on one side, run: +.IP +.nf +\f[C] +pipe\ xbnet\ /dev/ttyUSB0\ pipe\ \-\-dest=1234 +Ctrl\-\\\ c +server +\f[] +.fi +.PP +And on the other: +.IP +.nf +\f[C] +pipe\ xbnet\ /dev/ttyUSB0\ pipe\ \-\-dest=5678 +Ctrl\-\\\ c +\f[] +.fi +.PP +Now you can do things like \f[C]rdir\f[] (to see ls from the remote), +\f[C]get\f[], \f[C]put\f[], etc. +.SS DEBUGGING WITH CU +.PP +To interact directly with the modem, something like this will work: +.IP +.nf +\f[C] +cu\ \-h\ \-\-line\ /dev/ttyUSB0\ \-s\ 9600\ \-e\ \-o\ \ \-\-nostop +\f[] +.fi +.SH RUNNING TCP/IP OVER XBEE WITH PPP +.PP +PPP is the fastest way to run TCP/IP over XBee with \f[B]xbnet\f[] if +you only need to have two nodes talk to each other. +PPP can work in transparent mode without xbnet as well. +It is subject to a few limitations: +.IP \[bu] 2 +PPP cannot support ad\-hoc communication to multiple devices. +It is strictly point\-to\-point between two devices. +.IP \[bu] 2 +PPP compression should not be turned on. +This is because PPP normally assumes a lossless connection, and any +dropped packets become rather expensive for PPP to handle, since +compression has to be re\-set. +Better to use compression at the protocol level; for instance, with +\f[B]ssh \-C\f[]. +.PP +To set up PPP, on one device, create /etc/ppp/peers/xbee with this +content: +.IP +.nf +\f[C] +hide\-password\ +noauth +debug +nodefaultroute +192.168.2.3:192.168.2.2\ +mru\ 1024 +passive +115200 +nobsdcomp +nodeflate +\f[] +.fi +.PP +On the other device, swap the order of those IP addresses. +.PP +Now, fire it up on each end with a command like this: +.IP +.nf +\f[C] +socat\ EXEC:\[aq]pppd\ nodetach\ file\ /etc/ppp/peers/lora,pty,rawer\[aq]\ \\ +\ \ EXEC:\[aq]xbnet\ \-\-initfile=init\-fast.txt\ /dev/ttyUSB0\ pipe\ \-\-dest=1234,pty,rawer\[aq] +\f[] +.fi +.PP +According to the PPP docs, an MRU of 296 might be suitable for slower +links. +.PP +This will now permit you to ping across the link. +Additional options can be added to add, for instance, a bit of +authentication at the start and so forth (though note that XBee, being +RF, means that a session could be hijacked, so don't put a lot of stock +in this as a limit; best to add firewall rules, etc.) +.PP +Of course, ssh can nicely run over this, but for more versatility, +consider the tap or tun options. +.SH PERFORMANCE TUNING +.PP +Here are some tips to improve performance: +.SS DISABLING XBEE ACKS +.PP +By default, the XBee system requests an acknowledgment from the remote +node. +The XBee firmware will automatically attempt retransmits if they don't +get an ACK in the expected timeframe. +Although higher\-level protocols also will do ACK and retransmit, they +don't have the XBee level of knowledge of the link layer timing and so +XBee may be able to detect and correct for a missing packet much +quicker. +.PP +However, sometimes all these ACKs can cause significant degredation in +performance. +Whether or not they do for you will depend on your network topology and +usage patterns; you probably should just try it both ways. +Use \f[B]disable\-xbee\-acks\f[] to disable the XBee level ACKs on +messages sent from a given node and see what it does. +.SS PROTOCOL SELECTION +.PP +If all you really need is point\-to\-point, then consider using PPP +rather than tun. +PPP supports header compression which may reduce the TCP/IP overhead +significantly. +.SS PACKET SIZE +.PP +Bear in mind the underlying packet size. +For low\-overhead protocols, you might want to use a packet size less +than the XBee packet size. +For high\-overhead protocols such as TCP, you may find that using large +packet sizes and letting \f[B]xbnet\f[] do fragmentation gives much +better performance on clean links, especially at the lower XBee +bitrates. +.SS SERIAL COMMUNICATION SPEED +.PP +By defualt, XBee modules communicate at 9600bps. +You should change this and write the updated setting to the module, and +give it to xbnet with \f[B]\[en]serial\-speed\f[]. +.SH TROUBLESHOOTING +.SS BROADCAST ISSUES +.SH SECURITY +.PP +xbnet is a low\-level tool and should not be considered secure on its +own. +The \f[B]xbnet pipe\f[] command, for instance, will display information +from any node on your mesh. +Here are some tips: +.PP +Of course, begin by securing things at the XBee layer. +Enable encryption and passwords for remote AT commands in XBee. +.PP +If you are running a network protocol across XBee, enable firewalls at +every node on the network. +Remember, joining a node to a networked mesh is like giving it a port on +your switch! Consider how nodes can talk to each other. +.PP +Use encryption and authentication at the application layer as well. +ssh or gpg would be a fantastic choice here. +.PP +For nodes that are using xbnet to access the Internet, consider not +giving them direct Internet access, but rather requiring them to access +via something like OpenVPN or SSH forwarding. +.SH INSTALLATION +.PP +\f[B]xbnet\f[] is a Rust program and can be built by running +\f[B]\f[BC]cargo\ build\ \-\-release\f[B]\f[]. +The executable will then be placed in \f[B]target/release/xbnet\f[]. +Rust can be easily installed from . +.SH INVOCATION +.PP +Every invocation of \f[B]xbnet\f[] requires at least the name of a +serial port (for instance, \f[B]/dev/ttyUSB0\f[]) and a subcommand to +run. +.SH GLOBAL OPTIONS +.PP +These options may be specified for any command, and must be given before +the port and command on the command line. +.TP +.B \f[B]\-d\f[], \f[B]\[en]debug\f[] +Activate debug mode. +Details of program operation will be sent to stderr. +.RS +.RE +.TP +.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\[en]help\f[] +Display brief help on program operation. +.RS +.RE +.TP +.B \f[B]\[en]disable\-xbee\-acks\f[] +Disable the XBee protocol\-level acknowledgments of transmitted packets. +This may improve, or hurt, performance; see the conversation under the +PERFORMANCE TUNING section. +.RS +.RE +.TP +.B \f[B]\[en]initfile\f[] \f[I]FILE\f[] +A file listing commands to send to the radio to initialize it. +Each command must yield an \f[C]OK\f[] result from the radio. +After running these commands, \f[B]xbnet\f[] will issue additional +commands to ensure the radio is in the operating mode required by +\f[B]xbnet\f[]. +Enable \f[B]\[en]debug\f[] to see all initialization activity. +.RS +.RE +.TP +.B \f[B]\[en]request\-xbee\-tx\-reports\f[] +The XBee firmware can return back a report about the success or failure +of a transmission. +\f[B]xbnet\f[] has no use for these reports, though they are displayed +for you if \f[B]\[en]debug\f[] is given. +By default, \f[B]xbnet\f[] suppresses the generation of these reports. +If you give this option and \f[B]\[en]debug\f[], then you can see them. +.RS +.RE +.TP +.B \f[B]\[en]serial\-speed\f[] \f[I]SPEED\f[] +Communicate with the XBee module at the given serial speed, given in +bits per second (baud rate). +If not given, defaults to 9600, which is the Digi default for the XBee +modules. +You can change this default with XBee commands and save the new default +persistently to the board. +It is strongly recommended that you do so, because many XBee modules can +communicate much faster than 9600bps. +.RS +.RE +.TP +.B \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\[en]version\f[] +Display the version number of \f[B]xbnet\f[]. +.RS +.RE +.TP +.B \f[I]PORT\f[] +The name of the serial port to which the radio is attached. +.RS +.RE +.TP +.B \f[I]COMMAND\f[] +The subcommand which will be executed. +.RS +.RE +.SH SUBCOMMANDS +.SS xbnet \&... pipe +.PP +The \f[B]pipe\f[] subcommand permits piping data between radios. +It requires a \f[B]\[en]dest\f[] parameter, which gives the hex MAC +address of the recipient of data sent to xbnet's stdin. +pipe is described extensively above. +.PP +Note that \f[B]\[en]dest\f[] will not restrict the devices that xbnet +will receive data from. +.SS xbnet \&... ping +.PP +The \f[B]ping\f[] subcommand will transmit a simple line of text every 5 +seconds including an increasing counter. +It can be displayed at the other end with \f[B]xbnet \&... pipe\f[] or +reflected with \f[B]xbnet \&... pong\f[]. +Like \f[B]pipe\f[], it requires a destination MAC address. +.SS xbnet \&... pong +.PP +The \f[B]pong\f[] subcommand receives packets and crafts a reply. +It is intended to be used with \f[B]xbnet \&... ping\f[]. +.SS xbnet \&... tun & tap +.PP +These commands run a network stack across XBee and are described +extensively above. +They have several optional parameters: +.TP +.B \f[B]\[en]broadcast\-everything\f[] (tun and tap) +Normally, \f[B]xbnet\f[] will use unicast (directed) transmissions to +remotes where it knows their XBee MAC address. +This is more efficient on the XBee network. +However, in some cases you may simply want it to use broadcast packets +for all transmissions, and this accomplishes that. +.RS +.RE +.TP +.B \f[B]\[en]broadcast\-unknown\f[] (tap only) +Normally, \f[B]xbnet\f[] will drop Ethernet frames destined for MAC +addresses that it hasn't seen. +(Broadcast packets still go out.) This is suitable for most situations. +However, you can also have it broadcast all packets do unknown MAC +addresses. +This can be useful in some obscure situations such as multicast. +.RS +.RE +.TP +.B \f[B]\[en]disable\-ipv4\f[] and \f[B]disable\-ipv6\f[] (tun only) +Disable all relaying of either IPv4 or IPv6 packets. +This is not valid in tap mode because tap doesn't operate at this +protocol level. +It is recommended you disable protocols you don't use. +.RS +.RE +.TP +.B \f[B]\[en]iface\-name\f[] \f[I]NAME\f[] (tun and tap) +Request a specific name for the tun or tap interface. +By default, this requests \f[B]xbnet%d\f[]. +The kernel replaces \f[B]%d\f[] with an integer starting at 0, finding +an unused interface. +It can be useful to specify an explicit interface here for use in +scripts. +.RS +.RE +.TP +.B \f[B]\[en]max\-ip\-cache\f[] \f[I]SECONDS\f[] (tun only) +Specifies how long it caches the XBee MAC address for a given IP +address. +After this many seconds without receiving a packet from the given IP +address, \f[B]xbnet\f[] will send the next packet to the IP as a +broadcast and then cache the result. +The only reason to expire IPs from the cache is if you re\-provision +them on other devices. +The tap mode doesn't have a timed cache, since the OS will re\-ARP +(generating a broadcast anyhow) if it fails to communicate with a given +IP. +.RS +.RE +.SH AUTHOR +.PP +John Goerzen +.SH COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE +.PP +Copyright (C) 2019\-2020 John Goerzen +.PP +This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it +under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the +Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your +option) any later version. +.PP +This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but +WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. +See the GNU General Public License for more details. +.PP +You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along +with this program. +If not, see . +.SH AUTHORS +John Goerzen. diff --git a/xbnet/doc/xbnet.1.md b/xbnet/doc/xbnet.1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1560d2f --- /dev/null +++ b/xbnet/doc/xbnet.1.md @@ -0,0 +1,414 @@ +% XBNET(1) John Goerzen | xbnet Manual +% John Goerzen +% October 2019 + +# NAME + +xbnet - Transfer data and run a network over XBee long-range radios + +# SYNOPSIS + +**xbnet** [ *OPTIONS* ] **PORT** **COMMAND** [ *command_options* ] + +# OVERVIEW + +**xbnet** is designed to integrate XBee long-range radios into a +Unix/Linux system. In particular, xbnet can: + +- Bidirectionally pipe data across a XBee radio system +- Do an RF ping +- Operate as a virtual Ethernet device or a virtual tunnel device + - Run TCP/IP (IPv4 and IPv6) atop either of these. + +# HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS + +**xbnet** is designed to run with a Digi XBee device. It is tested with the SX devices but should work with any. + +Drivers for other hardware may be added in the future. + +# PROTOCOL + +XBee frames are smaller than typical Ethernet or TCP frames. XBee frames, in fact, are typically limited to about 255 bytes on the SX series; other devices may have different limits. Therefore, xbnet supports fragmentation and reassembly. It will split a frame to be transmitted into the size supported by XBee, and reassemble on the other end. + +XBee, of course, cannot guarantee that all frames will be received, and therefore xbnet can't make that guarantee either. However, the protocols you may run atop it -- from UUCP to ZModem to TCP/IP -- should handle this. + +When running in **xbnet tap** mode, it is simulating an Ethernet interface. Every Ethernet packet has a source and destination MAC address. xbnet will maintain a cache of the Ethernet MAC addresses it has seen and what XBee MAC address they came from. Therefore, when it sees a request to transmit to a certain Ethernet MAC, it will reuse what it knows from its cache and direct the packet to the appropriate XBee destination. Ethernet broadcasts are converted into XBee broadcasts. + +The **xbnet tun** mode operates in a similar fashion; it keeps a cache of seen IP addresses and their corresponding XBee MAC addresses, and directs packets appropriately. + +# RADIO PARAMETERS AND INITIALIZATION + +This program requires API mode from the board. It will perform that initialization automatically. Additional configurations may be added by you using the **--initfile** option. + +# APPLICATION HINTS + +## FULL TCP/IP USING TUN + +This is the marquee feature of xbnet. It provides a full TCP/IP stack across the XBee links, supporting both IPv4 and IPv6. You can do anything you wish with the participating nodes in your mesh: ping, ssh, route the Internet across them, etc. Up to you! A Raspberry Pi with wifi and xbnet could provide an Internet gateway for an entire XBee mesh, if you so desire. + +This works by creating a virtual network device in Linux, called a "tun" device. Traffic going out that device will be routed onto XBee, and traffic coming in will be routed to the computer. + +To make this work, you will first bring up the interface with xbnet. Then, give it an IP address with ifconfig or ipaddr. Do the same on the remote end, and boom, you can ping! + +Note that for this mode, xbnet must be run as root (or granted `CAP_NET_ADMIN`). + +Here's an example. Start on machine A: + +``` +sudo xbnet /dev/ttyUSB3 tun +``` + +Wait until it tells you what interface it created. By default, this will be **xbnet0**. Now run: + +``` +sudo ip addr add 192.168.3.3/24 dev xbnet0 +sudo ip link set dev xbnet0 up +``` + +If you don't have the **ip** program, you can use the older-style **ifconfig** instead. This one command does the same as the two newer-style ones above: + +``` +sudo ifconfig xbnet0 192.168.3.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 +``` + +Now, on machine B, start xbnet the same as on machine A. Give it a different IP + +``` +sudo ip addr add 192.168.3.4/24 dev xbnet0 +sudo ip link set dev xbnet0 up +``` + +Now you can ping from A to B: + +``` +ping 192.168.3.4 +PING 192.168.3.4 (192.168.3.4) 56(84) bytes of data. +64 bytes from 192.168.3.4: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=130 ms +64 bytes from 192.168.3.4: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=89.1 ms +64 bytes from 192.168.3.4: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=81.6 ms +``` + +For more details, see the tun command below. + +## ETHERNET MODE WITH TAP + +The tap mode is similar to the tun mode, except it simulates a full Ethernet connection. You might want this if you need to run a non-IP protocol, or if you want to do something like bridge two Ethernet segments. The configuration is very similar. + +Be aware that a lot of programs generate broadcasts across an Ethernet interface, and bridging will do even more. It would be easy to overwhelm your XBee network with this kind of cruft, so the tun mode is recommended unless you have a specific need for tap. + +## TRANSPARENT MODE + +XBee systems have a "transparent mode" in which you can configure a particular destination and use them as a raw serial port. You should definitely consider if this meets your needs for serial-based protocols; it would eliminate xbnet from the path entirely. + +However, you may still wish to use xbnet; perhaps for its debugging. Also there are some scenarios (such at TCP/IP with multiple destinations) that really cannot be done in transparent mode -- and that is what xbnet is for, and where it shines. + +## SOCAT + +The **socat**(1) program can be particularly helpful; it can gateway TCP +ports and various other sorts of things into **xbnet**. This is +helpful if the **xbnet** system is across a network from the system +you wish to run an application on. **ssh**(1) can also be useful for +this purpose. + +A basic command might be like this: + +``` +socat TCP-LISTEN:12345 EXEC:'xbnet /dev/ttyUSB0 pipe --dest=1234,pty,rawer' +``` + +Some systems might require disabling buffering in some situations, or +using a pty. In those instances, something like this may be in order: + +``` +socat TCP-LISTEN:10104 EXEC:'stdbuf -i0 -o0 -e0 xbnet /dev/ttyUSB4 pipe --dest=1234,pty,rawer' +``` + +You can send a file this way; for instance, on one end: + +``` +socet 'EXEC:sz -vv -b /bin/sh,pipes' EXEC:xbnet /dev/ttyUSB4 pipe --dest 1234,nofork,pipes' +``` + +And on the other, you use `rz` instead of `sz`. + +## UUCP + +For UUCP, I recommend protocol `i` with the default window-size +setting. Use as large of a packet size as you can; for slow links, +perhaps 32, up to around 244 for fast, high-quality links. + +Protocol `g` (or `G` with a smaller packet size) can also work, but +won't work as well. + +Make sure to specify `half-duplex true` in `/etc/uucp/port`. + +Here is an example of settings in `sys`: +``` +protocol i +protocol-parameter i packet-size 90 +protocol-parameter i timeout 30 +chat-timeout 60 +``` + +Note that UUCP protocol i adds 10 bytes of overhead per packet and xbnet adds 1 byte of overhead, so +this is designed to work with the default recommended packet size of +255. + +Then in `/etc/uucp/port`: + +``` +half-duplex true +reliable false +``` + +## YMODEM (and generic example of bidirectional pipe) + +ZModem makes a good fit for the higher bitrate XBee modules. For the slower settings, consider YModem; its 128-byte block size may be more suitable for very slow links than ZModem's 1K. + +Here's an example +of how to make it work. Let's say we want to transmit /bin/true over +the radio. We could run this: + +``` +socat EXEC:'sz --ymodem /bin/true' EXEC:'xbnet /dev/ttyUSB0 pipe --dest=1234,pty,rawer' +``` + +And on the receiving end: + +``` +socat EXEC:'rz --ymodem' EXEC:'xbnet /dev/ttyUSB0 pipe --dest=5678,pty,rawer' +``` + +This approach can also be used with many other programs. For +instance, `uucico -l` for UUCP logins. + +## KERMIT + +Using the C-kermit distribution (**apt-get install ckermit**), you can +configure for **xbnet** like this: + +``` +set duplex half +set window 2 +set receive timeout 10 +set send timeout 10 +``` + +Then, on one side, run: + +``` +pipe xbnet /dev/ttyUSB0 pipe --dest=1234 +Ctrl-\ c +server +``` + +And on the other: + +``` +pipe xbnet /dev/ttyUSB0 pipe --dest=5678 +Ctrl-\ c +``` + +Now you can do things like `rdir` (to see ls from the remote), `get`, +`put`, etc. + +## DEBUGGING WITH CU + +To interact directly with the modem, something like this will work: + +``` +cu -h --line /dev/ttyUSB0 -s 9600 -e -o --nostop +``` + +# RUNNING TCP/IP OVER XBEE WITH PPP + +PPP is the fastest way to run TCP/IP over XBee with **xbnet** if you only need to have two nodes talk to each other. PPP can work in transparent mode without xbnet as well. It +is subject to a few limitations: + +- PPP cannot support + ad-hoc communication to multiple devices. It is strictly point-to-point between two devices. +- PPP compression should not be turned on. This is because PPP + normally assumes a lossless connection, and any dropped packets + become rather expensive for PPP to handle, since compression has to + be re-set. Better to use compression at the protocol level; for + instance, with **ssh -C**. + +To set up PPP, on one device, create /etc/ppp/peers/xbee with this +content: + +``` +hide-password +noauth +debug +nodefaultroute +192.168.2.3:192.168.2.2 +mru 1024 +passive +115200 +nobsdcomp +nodeflate +``` + +On the other device, swap the order of those IP addresses. + +Now, fire it up on each end with a command like this: + +``` +socat EXEC:'pppd nodetach file /etc/ppp/peers/lora,pty,rawer' \ + EXEC:'xbnet --initfile=init-fast.txt /dev/ttyUSB0 pipe --dest=1234,pty,rawer' +``` + +According to the PPP docs, an MRU of 296 might be suitable for slower +links. + +This will now permit you to ping across the link. Additional options +can be added to add, for instance, a bit of authentication at the +start and so forth (though note that XBee, being RF, means that a +session could be hijacked, so don't put a lot of stock in this as a +limit; best to add firewall rules, etc.) + +Of course, ssh can nicely run over this, but for more versatility, consider the tap or tun options. + +# PERFORMANCE TUNING + +Here are some tips to improve performance: + +## DISABLING XBEE ACKS + +By default, the XBee system requests an acknowledgment from the remote node. The XBee firmware will automatically attempt retransmits if they don't get an ACK in the expected timeframe. Although higher-level protocols also will do ACK and retransmit, they don't have the XBee level of knowledge of the link layer timing and so XBee may be able to detect and correct for a missing packet much quicker. + +However, sometimes all these ACKs can cause significant degredation in performance. Whether or not they do for you will depend on your network topology and usage patterns; you probably should just try it both ways. Use **disable-xbee-acks** to disable the XBee level ACKs on messages sent from a given node and see what it does. + +## PROTOCOL SELECTION + +If all you really need is point-to-point, then consider using PPP rather than tun. PPP supports header compression which may reduce the TCP/IP overhead significantly. + +## PACKET SIZE + +Bear in mind the underlying packet size. For low-overhead protocols, you might want to use a packet size less than the XBee packet size. For high-overhead protocols such as TCP, you may find that using large packet sizes and letting **xbnet** do fragmentation gives much better performance on clean links, especially at the lower XBee bitrates. + +## SERIAL COMMUNICATION SPEED + +By defualt, XBee modules communicate at 9600bps. You should change this and write the updated setting to the module, and give it to xbnet with **--serial-speed**. + +# TROUBLESHOOTING + +## BROADCAST ISSUES + +# SECURITY + +xbnet is a low-level tool and should not be considered secure on its own. The **xbnet pipe** command, for instance, will display information from any node on your mesh. Here are some tips: + +Of course, begin by securing things at the XBee layer. Enable encryption and passwords for remote AT commands in XBee. + +If you are running a network protocol across XBee, enable firewalls at every node on the network. Remember, joining a node to a networked mesh is like giving it a port on your switch! Consider how nodes can talk to each other. + +Use encryption and authentication at the application layer as well. ssh or gpg would be a fantastic choice here. + +For nodes that are using xbnet to access the Internet, consider not giving them direct Internet access, but rather requiring them to access via something like OpenVPN or SSH forwarding. + +# INSTALLATION + +**xbnet** is a Rust program and can be built by running **`cargo +build --release`**. The executable will then be placed in +**target/release/xbnet**. Rust can be easily installed from +. + +# INVOCATION + +Every invocation of **xbnet** requires at least the name of a +serial port (for instance, **/dev/ttyUSB0**) and a subcommand to run. + +# GLOBAL OPTIONS + +These options may be specified for any command, and must be given +before the port and command on the command line. + +**-d**, **--debug** +: Activate debug mode. Details of program operation will be sent to + stderr. + +**-h**, **--help** +: Display brief help on program operation. + +**--disable-xbee-acks** +: Disable the XBee protocol-level acknowledgments of transmitted packets. This may improve, or hurt, performance; see the conversation under the PERFORMANCE TUNING section. + +**--initfile** *FILE* +: A file listing commands to send to the radio to initialize it. Each command must yield an `OK` result from the radio. After running these commands, **xbnet** will issue additional commands to ensure the radio is in the operating mode required by **xbnet**. Enable **--debug** to see all initialization activity. + +**--request-xbee-tx-reports** +: The XBee firmware can return back a report about the success or failure of a transmission. **xbnet** has no use for these reports, though they are displayed for you if **--debug** is given. By default, **xbnet** suppresses the generation of these reports. If you give this option and **--debug**, then you can see them. + +**--serial-speed** *SPEED* +: Communicate with the XBee module at the given serial speed, given in bits per second (baud rate). If not given, defaults to 9600, which is the Digi default for the XBee modules. You can change this default with XBee commands and save the new default persistently to the board. It is strongly recommended that you do so, because many XBee modules can communicate much faster than 9600bps. + +**-V**, **--version** +: Display the version number of **xbnet**. + +*PORT* +: The name of the serial port to which the radio is attached. + +*COMMAND* +: The subcommand which will be executed. + +# SUBCOMMANDS + +## xbnet ... pipe + +The **pipe** subcommand permits piping data between radios. It requires a **--dest** parameter, which gives the hex MAC address of the recipient of data sent to xbnet's stdin. pipe is described extensively above. + +Note that **--dest** will not restrict the devices that xbnet will receive data from. + +## xbnet ... ping + +The **ping** subcommand will transmit a simple line of text every 5 +seconds including an increasing counter. It can be displayed at the +other end with **xbnet ... pipe** or reflected with **xbnet +... pong**. Like **pipe**, it requires a destination MAC address. + +## xbnet ... pong + +The **pong** subcommand receives packets and crafts a reply. It is +intended to be used with **xbnet ... ping**. + +## xbnet ... tun & tap + +These commands run a network stack across XBee and are described extensively above. They have several optional parameters: + +**--broadcast-everything** (tun and tap) +: Normally, **xbnet** will use unicast (directed) transmissions to remotes where it knows their XBee MAC address. This is more efficient on the XBee network. However, in some cases you may simply want it to use broadcast packets for all transmissions, and this accomplishes that. + +**--broadcast-unknown** (tap only) +: Normally, **xbnet** will drop Ethernet frames destined for MAC addresses that it hasn't seen. (Broadcast packets still go out.) This is suitable for most situations. However, you can also have it broadcast all packets do unknown MAC addresses. This can be useful in some obscure situations such as multicast. + +**--disable-ipv4** and **disable-ipv6** (tun only) +: Disable all relaying of either IPv4 or IPv6 packets. This is not valid in tap mode because tap doesn't operate at this protocol level. It is recommended you disable protocols you don't use. + +**--iface-name** *NAME* (tun and tap) +: Request a specific name for the tun or tap interface. By default, this requests **xbnet%d**. The kernel replaces **%d** with an integer starting at 0, finding an unused interface. It can be useful to specify an explicit interface here for use in scripts. + +**--max-ip-cache** *SECONDS* (tun only) +: Specifies how long it caches the XBee MAC address for a given IP address. After this many seconds without receiving a packet from the given IP address, **xbnet** will send the next packet to the IP as a broadcast and then cache the result. The only reason to expire IPs from the cache is if you re-provision them on other devices. The tap mode doesn't have a timed cache, since the OS will re-ARP (generating a broadcast anyhow) if it fails to communicate with a given IP. + + +# AUTHOR + +John Goerzen + +# COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE + +Copyright (C) 2019-2020 John Goerzen + +This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +(at your option) any later version. + +This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +GNU General Public License for more details. + +You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +along with this program. If not, see . diff --git a/xbnet/src/main.rs b/xbnet/src/main.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4c4c5d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/xbnet/src/main.rs @@ -0,0 +1,227 @@ +/* + Copyright (C) 2019-2020 John Goerzen . + +*/ + +use log::*; +use simplelog::*; +use std::io; +use std::thread; + +mod ping; +mod pipe; +mod ser; +mod tap; +mod tun; +mod xb; +mod xbpacket; +mod xbrx; + +use std::path::PathBuf; +use std::time::Duration; +use structopt::StructOpt; + +#[derive(Debug, StructOpt)] +#[structopt( + name = "xbnet", + about = "Networking for XBee Radios", + author = "John Goerzen " +)] +struct Opt { + /// Activate debug mode + // short and long flags (-d, --debug) will be deduced from the field's name + #[structopt(short, long)] + debug: bool, + + /// Radio initialization command file + #[structopt(long, parse(from_os_str))] + initfile: Option, + + /// Serial port to use to communicate with radio + #[structopt(parse(from_os_str))] + port: PathBuf, + + /// The speed in bps (baud rate) to use to communicate on the serial port + #[structopt(long, default_value = "9600")] + serial_speed: u32, + + /// Disable the Xbee-level ACKs + #[structopt(long)] + disable_xbee_acks: bool, + + /// Request XBee transmit reports. These will appear in debug mode but otherwise are not considered. + #[structopt(long)] + request_xbee_tx_reports: bool, + + #[structopt(subcommand)] + cmd: Command, +} + +#[derive(Debug, StructOpt)] +enum Command { + /// Transmit ping requests + Ping { + /// The 64-bit destination for the ping, in hex + #[structopt(long)] + dest: String, + }, + /// Receive ping requests and transmit pongs + Pong, + /// Pipe data across radios using the xbnet protocol + Pipe { + /// The 64-bit destination for the pipe, in hex + #[structopt(long)] + dest: String, + // FIXME: add a paremter to accept data from only that place + }, + /// Create a virtual Ethernet interface and send frames across XBee + Tap { + /// Broadcast to XBee, instead of dropping, packets to unknown destinations. Has no effect if --broadcast_everything is given. + #[structopt(long)] + broadcast_unknown: bool, + + /// Broadcast every packet out the XBee side + #[structopt(long)] + broadcast_everything: bool, + + /// Name for the interface; defaults to "xbnet%d" which the OS usually turns to "xbnet0". + /// Note that this name is not guaranteed; the name allocated by the OS is displayed + /// at startup. + #[structopt(long, default_value = "xbnet%d")] + iface_name: String, + }, + /// Create a virtual IP interface and send frames across XBee + Tun { + /// Broadcast every packet out the XBee side + #[structopt(long)] + broadcast_everything: bool, + + /** The maximum number of seconds to store the destination XBee MAC for an IP address. */ + #[structopt(long, default_value = "300")] + max_ip_cache: u64, + + /// Name for the interface; defaults to "xbnet%d" which the OS usually turns to "xbnet0". + /// Note that this name is not guaranteed; the name allocated by the OS is displayed + /// at startup. + #[structopt(long, default_value = "xbnet%d")] + iface_name: String, + + /// Disable all IPv4 support + #[structopt(long)] + disable_ipv4: bool, + + /// Disable all IPv6 support + #[structopt(long)] + disable_ipv6: bool, + + }, +} + +fn main() { + let opt = Opt::from_args(); + + if opt.debug { + WriteLogger::init(LevelFilter::Trace, Config::default(), io::stderr()) + .expect("Failed to init log"); + } + info!("xbnet starting"); + + let (ser_reader, ser_writer) = ser::new(opt.port, opt.serial_speed).expect("Failed to initialize serial port"); + let (mut xb, xbeesender, writerthread) = xb::XB::new( + ser_reader, + ser_writer, + opt.initfile, + opt.disable_xbee_acks, + opt.request_xbee_tx_reports, + ); + let mut xbreframer = xbrx::XBReframer::new(); + + match opt.cmd { + Command::Ping { dest } => { + let dest_u64: u64 = u64::from_str_radix(&dest, 16).expect("Invalid destination"); + thread::spawn(move || { + ping::genpings(dest_u64, xbeesender).expect("Failure in genpings") + }); + ping::displaypongs(&mut xbreframer, &mut xb.ser_reader); + // Make sure queued up data is sent + let _ = writerthread.join(); + } + Command::Pong => { + ping::pong(&mut xbreframer, &mut xb.ser_reader, xbeesender).expect("Failure in pong"); + // Make sure queued up data is sent + let _ = writerthread.join(); + } + Command::Pipe { dest } => { + let dest_u64: u64 = u64::from_str_radix(&dest, 16).expect("Invalid destination"); + let maxpacketsize = xb.maxpacketsize; + thread::spawn(move || { + pipe::stdout_processor(&mut xbreframer, &mut xb.ser_reader) + .expect("Failure in stdout_processor") + }); + pipe::stdin_processor(dest_u64, maxpacketsize - 1, xbeesender) + .expect("Failure in stdin_processor"); + // Make sure queued up data is sent + let _ = writerthread.join(); + } + Command::Tap { + broadcast_unknown, + broadcast_everything, + iface_name, + } => { + let tap_reader = tap::XBTap::new_tap( + xb.mymac, + broadcast_unknown, + broadcast_everything, + iface_name, + ) + .expect("Failure initializing tap"); + let tap_writer = tap_reader.clone(); + thread::spawn(move || { + tap_writer + .frames_from_xb_processor(&mut xbreframer, &mut xb.ser_reader) + .expect("Failure in frames_from_xb_processor"); + }); + tap_reader + .frames_from_tap_processor(xbeesender) + .expect("Failure in frames_from_tap_processor"); + // Make sure queued up data is sent + let _ = writerthread.join(); + } + Command::Tun { + broadcast_everything, + iface_name, + max_ip_cache, + disable_ipv4, + disable_ipv6, + } => { + let max_ip_cache = Duration::from_secs(max_ip_cache); + let tun_reader = + tun::XBTun::new_tun(xb.mymac, broadcast_everything, iface_name, max_ip_cache, disable_ipv4, disable_ipv6) + .expect("Failure initializing tun"); + let tun_writer = tun_reader.clone(); + thread::spawn(move || { + tun_writer + .frames_from_xb_processor(&mut xbreframer, &mut xb.ser_reader) + .expect("Failure in frames_from_xb_processor"); + }); + tun_reader + .frames_from_tun_processor(xbeesender) + .expect("Failure in frames_from_tap_processor"); + // Make sure queued up data is sent + let _ = writerthread.join(); + } + } +} diff --git a/xbnet/src/ping.rs b/xbnet/src/ping.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3782f40 --- /dev/null +++ b/xbnet/src/ping.rs @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +/* + Copyright (C) 2019-2020 John Goerzen . +*/ + +use crate::ser::*; +use crate::xb::*; +use crate::xbpacket::*; +use crate::xbrx::*; +use bytes::*; +use crossbeam_channel; +use std::io; +use std::thread; +use std::time::Duration; + +const INTERVAL: u64 = 5; // FIXME: this should be configurable + +pub fn genpings(dest: u64, sender: crossbeam_channel::Sender) -> io::Result<()> { + let mut counter: u64 = 1; + loop { + let sendstr = format!("Ping {}", counter); + println!("SEND: {}", sendstr); + sender + .send(XBTX::TXData(XBDestAddr::U64(dest), Bytes::from(sendstr))) + .unwrap(); + thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(INTERVAL)); + counter += 1; + } +} + +/// Show pongs +pub fn displaypongs(xbreframer: &mut XBReframer, ser: &mut XBSerReader) -> () { + loop { + let (fromu64, _fromu16, payload) = xbreframer.rxframe(ser); + println!( + "RECV from {}: {}", + hex::encode(fromu64.to_be_bytes()), + String::from_utf8_lossy(&payload) + ); + } +} + +/// Reply to pings +pub fn pong( + xbreframer: &mut XBReframer, + ser: &mut XBSerReader, + sender: crossbeam_channel::Sender, +) -> io::Result<()> { + loop { + let (fromu64, _addr_16, payload) = xbreframer.rxframe(ser); + if payload.starts_with(b"Ping ") { + println!( + "RECV from {}: {}", + hex::encode(fromu64.to_be_bytes()), + String::from_utf8_lossy(&payload) + ); + let resp = Bytes::from(format!("Pong {}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&payload[5..]))); + sender + .send(XBTX::TXData(XBDestAddr::U64(fromu64), resp)) + .unwrap(); + } + } +} diff --git a/xbnet/src/pipe.rs b/xbnet/src/pipe.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..21c62a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/xbnet/src/pipe.rs @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +/* + Copyright (C) 2019 John Goerzen . +*/ + +use crate::ser::*; +use crate::xb::*; +use crate::xbpacket::*; +use crate::xbrx::*; +use bytes::*; +use crossbeam_channel; +use std::io; +use std::io::{Read, Write}; + +pub fn stdin_processor( + dest: u64, + maxframesize: usize, + sender: crossbeam_channel::Sender, +) -> io::Result<()> { + let stdin = io::stdin(); + let mut br = io::BufReader::new(stdin); + let mut buf = vec![0u8; maxframesize - 1]; + + loop { + let res = br.read(&mut buf)?; + if res == 0 { + // EOF + sender.send(XBTX::Shutdown).unwrap(); + return Ok(()); + } + + sender + .send(XBTX::TXData( + XBDestAddr::U64(dest), + Bytes::copy_from_slice(&buf[0..res]), + )) + .unwrap(); + } +} + +pub fn stdout_processor(xbreframer: &mut XBReframer, ser: &mut XBSerReader) -> io::Result<()> { + let mut stdout = io::stdout(); + loop { + let (_fromu64, _fromu16, payload) = xbreframer.rxframe(ser); + stdout.write_all(&payload)?; + stdout.flush()?; + } +} diff --git a/xbnet/src/ser.rs b/xbnet/src/ser.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a2235b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/xbnet/src/ser.rs @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +/* + Copyright (C) 2019 John Goerzen . + +*/ + +use bytes::*; +use log::*; +use serialport::prelude::*; +use std::io; +use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Write}; +use std::path::PathBuf; +use std::time::Duration; + +pub struct XBSerReader { + pub br: BufReader>, + pub portname: PathBuf, +} + +pub struct XBSerWriter { + pub swrite: Box, + pub portname: PathBuf, +} + +/// Initialize the serial system, configuring the port. +pub fn new(portname: PathBuf, speed: u32) -> io::Result<(XBSerReader, XBSerWriter)> { + let settings = SerialPortSettings { + baud_rate: speed, + data_bits: DataBits::Eight, + flow_control: FlowControl::Hardware, + parity: Parity::None, + stop_bits: StopBits::One, + timeout: Duration::new(60 * 60 * 24 * 365 * 20, 0), + }; + let readport = serialport::open_with_settings(&portname, &settings)?; + let writeport = readport.try_clone()?; + + Ok(( + XBSerReader { + br: BufReader::new(readport), + portname: portname.clone(), + }, + XBSerWriter { + swrite: writeport, + portname, + }, + )) +} + +impl XBSerReader { + /// Read a line from the port. Return it with EOL characters removed. + /// None if EOF reached. + pub fn readln(&mut self) -> io::Result> { + let mut buf = Vec::new(); + let size = self.br.read_until(0x0D, &mut buf)?; + let buf = String::from_utf8_lossy(&buf); + if size == 0 { + debug!("{:?}: Received EOF from serial port", self.portname); + Ok(None) + } else { + let buf = String::from(buf.trim()); + trace!("{:?} SERIN: {}", self.portname, buf); + Ok(Some(buf)) + } + } +} + +impl XBSerWriter { + /// Transmits a command with terminating EOL characters + pub fn writeln(&mut self, data: &str) -> io::Result<()> { + trace!("{:?} SEROUT: {}", self.portname, data); + let mut data = BytesMut::from(data.as_bytes()); + data.put(&b"\r\n"[..]); + // Give the receiver a chance to process + self.swrite.write_all(&data)?; + self.swrite.flush() + } +} diff --git a/xbnet/src/tap.rs b/xbnet/src/tap.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0d85e09 --- /dev/null +++ b/xbnet/src/tap.rs @@ -0,0 +1,182 @@ +/*! tap virtual Ethernet gateway */ + +/* + Copyright (C) 2019-2020 John Goerzen . + +*/ + +use tun_tap::{Iface, Mode}; + +use crate::ser::*; +use crate::xb::*; +use crate::xbpacket::*; +use crate::xbrx::*; +use bytes::*; +use crossbeam_channel; +use etherparse::*; +use log::*; +use std::collections::HashMap; +use std::convert::TryInto; +use std::io; +use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex}; + +pub const ETHER_BROADCAST: [u8; 6] = [0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff]; +pub const XB_BROADCAST: u64 = 0xffff; + +#[derive(Clone)] +pub struct XBTap { + pub myxbmac: u64, + pub name: String, + pub broadcast_unknown: bool, + pub broadcast_everything: bool, + pub tap: Arc, + + /** We can't just blindly generate destination MACs because there is a bug + in the firmware that causes the radio to lock up if we send too many + packets to a MAC that's not online. So, we keep a translation map of + MACs we've seen. */ + pub dests: Arc>>, +} + +impl XBTap { + pub fn new_tap( + myxbmac: u64, + broadcast_unknown: bool, + broadcast_everything: bool, + iface_name_requested: String, + ) -> io::Result { + let tap = Iface::without_packet_info(&iface_name_requested, Mode::Tap)?; + let name = tap.name(); + + println!("Interface {} (XBee MAC {:x}) ready", name, myxbmac,); + + let mut desthm = HashMap::new(); + desthm.insert(ETHER_BROADCAST, XB_BROADCAST); + + Ok(XBTap { + myxbmac, + broadcast_unknown, + broadcast_everything, + name: String::from(name), + tap: Arc::new(tap), + dests: Arc::new(Mutex::new(desthm)), + }) + } + + pub fn get_xb_dest_mac(&self, ethermac: &[u8; 6]) -> Option { + if self.broadcast_everything { + return Some(XB_BROADCAST); + } + + match self.dests.lock().unwrap().get(ethermac) { + None => { + if self.broadcast_unknown { + Some(XB_BROADCAST) + } else { + None + } + } + Some(dest) => Some(*dest), + } + } + + pub fn frames_from_tap_processor( + &self, + sender: crossbeam_channel::Sender, + ) -> io::Result<()> { + let mut buf = [0u8; 9100]; // Enough to handle even jumbo frames + loop { + let size = self.tap.recv(&mut buf)?; + let tapdata = &buf[0..size]; + trace!("TAPIN: {}", hex::encode(tapdata)); + match SlicedPacket::from_ethernet(tapdata) { + Err(x) => { + warn!("Error parsing packet from tap; discarding: {:?}", x); + } + Ok(packet) => { + if let Some(LinkSlice::Ethernet2(header)) = packet.link { + trace!( + "TAPIN: Packet is {} -> {}", + hex::encode(header.source()), + hex::encode(header.destination()) + ); + match self.get_xb_dest_mac(header.destination().try_into().unwrap()) { + None => warn!("Destination MAC address unknown; discarding packet"), + Some(destxbmac) => { + let res = sender.try_send(XBTX::TXData( + XBDestAddr::U64(destxbmac), + Bytes::copy_from_slice(tapdata), + )); + match res { + Ok(()) => (), + Err(crossbeam_channel::TrySendError::Full(_)) => { + debug!("Dropped packet due to full TX buffer") + } + Err(e) => Err(e).unwrap(), + } + } + } + } else { + warn!("Unable to get Ethernet2 header from tap packet; discarding"); + } + } + } + } + } + pub fn frames_from_xb_processor( + &self, + xbreframer: &mut XBReframer, + ser: &mut XBSerReader, + ) -> io::Result<()> { + loop { + let (fromu64, _fromu16, payload) = xbreframer.rxframe(ser); + + // Register the sender in our map of known MACs + match SlicedPacket::from_ethernet(&payload) { + Err(x) => { + warn!( + "Packet from XBee wasn't valid Ethernet; continueing anyhow: {:?}", + x + ); + } + Ok(packet) => { + if let Some(LinkSlice::Ethernet2(header)) = packet.link { + trace!( + "SERIN: Packet Ethernet header is {} -> {}", + hex::encode(header.source()), + hex::encode(header.destination()) + ); + if !self.broadcast_everything { + self.dests + .lock() + .unwrap() + .insert(header.source().try_into().unwrap(), fromu64); + } + } + } + } + + self.tap.send(&payload)?; + } + } +} + +pub fn showmac(mac: &[u8; 6]) -> String { + format!( + "{:x}:{:x}:{:x}:{:x}:{:x}:{:x}", + mac[0], mac[1], mac[2], mac[3], mac[4], mac[5] + ) +} diff --git a/xbnet/src/tun.rs b/xbnet/src/tun.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5e7e0c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/xbnet/src/tun.rs @@ -0,0 +1,226 @@ +/*! tun virtual IP gateway */ + +/* + Copyright (C) 2019-2020 John Goerzen . + +*/ + +use tun_tap::{Iface, Mode}; + +use crate::ser::*; +use crate::xb::*; +use crate::xbpacket::*; +use crate::xbrx::*; +use bytes::*; +use crossbeam_channel; +use etherparse::*; +use log::*; +use std::collections::HashMap; +use std::io; +use std::net::IpAddr; +use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex}; +use std::time::{Duration, Instant}; + +pub const XB_BROADCAST: u64 = 0xffff; + +#[derive(Clone)] +pub struct XBTun { + pub myxbmac: u64, + pub name: String, + pub broadcast_everything: bool, + pub tun: Arc, + pub max_ip_cache: Duration, + pub disable_ipv4: bool, + pub disable_ipv6: bool, + + /** The map from IP Addresses (v4 or v6) to destination MAC addresses. Also + includes a timestamp at which the destination expires. */ + pub dests: Arc>>, +} + +impl XBTun { + pub fn new_tun( + myxbmac: u64, + broadcast_everything: bool, + iface_name_requested: String, + max_ip_cache: Duration, + disable_ipv4: bool, + disable_ipv6: bool, + ) -> io::Result { + let tun = Iface::without_packet_info(&iface_name_requested, Mode::Tun)?; + let name = tun.name(); + + println!("Interface {} (XBee MAC {:x}) ready", name, myxbmac,); + + let desthm = HashMap::new(); + + Ok(XBTun { + myxbmac, + broadcast_everything, + max_ip_cache, + disable_ipv4, + disable_ipv6, + name: String::from(name), + tun: Arc::new(tun), + dests: Arc::new(Mutex::new(desthm)), + }) + } + + pub fn get_xb_dest_mac(&self, ipaddr: &IpAddr) -> u64 { + if self.broadcast_everything { + return XB_BROADCAST; + } + + match self.dests.lock().unwrap().get(ipaddr) { + // Broadcast if we don't know it + None => { + XB_BROADCAST + }, + Some((dest, expiration)) => { + if Instant::now() >= *expiration { + // Broadcast it if the cache entry has expired + XB_BROADCAST + } else { + *dest + } + } + } + } + + pub fn frames_from_tun_processor( + &self, + sender: crossbeam_channel::Sender, + ) -> io::Result<()> { + let mut buf = [0u8; 9100]; // Enough to handle even jumbo frames + loop { + let size = self.tun.recv(&mut buf)?; + let tundata = &buf[0..size]; + trace!("TUNIN: {}", hex::encode(tundata)); + match SlicedPacket::from_ip(tundata) { + Err(x) => { + warn!("Error parsing packet from tun; discarding: {:?}", x); + } + Ok(packet) => { + let ips = extract_ips(&packet); + if let Some((source, destination)) = ips { + match destination { + IpAddr::V6(_) => + if self.disable_ipv6 { + debug!("Dropping packet because --disable-ipv6 given"); + continue; + }, + IpAddr::V4(_) => + if self.disable_ipv4 { + debug!("Dropping packet because --disable-ipv4 given"); + continue; + } + }; + + let destxbmac = self.get_xb_dest_mac(&destination); + trace!( + "TAPIN: Packet {} -> {} (MAC {:x})", + source, + destination, + destxbmac + ); + let res = sender.try_send(XBTX::TXData( + XBDestAddr::U64(destxbmac), + Bytes::copy_from_slice(tundata), + )); + match res { + Ok(()) => (), + Err(crossbeam_channel::TrySendError::Full(_)) => { + debug!("Dropped packet due to full TX buffer") + } + Err(e) => Err(e).unwrap(), + } + } else { + warn!("Unable to get IP header from tun packet; discarding"); + } + } + } + } + } + + pub fn frames_from_xb_processor( + &self, + xbreframer: &mut XBReframer, + ser: &mut XBSerReader, + ) -> io::Result<()> { + loop { + let (fromu64, _fromu16, payload) = xbreframer.rxframe(ser); + + // Register the sender in our map of known MACs + match SlicedPacket::from_ip(&payload) { + Err(x) => { + warn!( + "Packet from XBee wasn't valid IPv4 or IPv6; continuing anyhow: {:?}", + x + ); + } + Ok(packet) => { + let ips = extract_ips(&packet); + if let Some((source, destination)) = ips { + trace!("SERIN: Packet is {} -> {}", source, destination); + match source { + IpAddr::V6(_) => + if self.disable_ipv6 { + debug!("Dropping packet because --disable-ipv6 given"); + continue; + }, + IpAddr::V4(_) => + if self.disable_ipv4 { + debug!("Dropping packet because --disable-ipv4 given"); + continue; + } + } + if !self.broadcast_everything { + self.dests.lock().unwrap().insert( + source, + ( + fromu64, + Instant::now().checked_add(self.max_ip_cache).unwrap(), + ), + ); + } + } + } + } + + match self.tun.send(&payload) { + Ok(_) => (), + Err(e) => { + warn!("Failure to send packet to tun interface; have you given it an IP? Error: {}", e); + } + } + } + } +} + +/// Returns the source and destination IPs +pub fn extract_ips<'a>(packet: &SlicedPacket<'a>) -> Option<(IpAddr, IpAddr)> { + match &packet.ip { + Some(InternetSlice::Ipv4(header)) => Some(( + IpAddr::V4(header.source_addr()), + IpAddr::V4(header.destination_addr()), + )), + Some(InternetSlice::Ipv6(header, _)) => Some(( + IpAddr::V6(header.source_addr()), + IpAddr::V6(header.destination_addr()), + )), + _ => None, + } +} diff --git a/xbnet/src/xb.rs b/xbnet/src/xb.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7dd024 --- /dev/null +++ b/xbnet/src/xb.rs @@ -0,0 +1,221 @@ +/* + Copyright (C) 2019-2020 John Goerzen . + +*/ + +use crate::ser::*; +use crate::xbpacket::*; +use bytes::Bytes; +use crossbeam_channel; +use hex; +use log::*; +use std::fs; +use std::io; +use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Error, ErrorKind}; +use std::path::PathBuf; +use std::thread; +use std::time::Duration; + +pub fn mkerror(msg: &str) -> Error { + Error::new(ErrorKind::Other, msg) +} + +/// Data to be transmitted out XBee. +pub enum XBTX { + /// Transmit this data + TXData(XBDestAddr, Bytes), + /// Shut down the transmitting thread + Shutdown, +} + +/// Main XBeeNet struct +pub struct XB { + pub ser_reader: XBSerReader, + + /// My 64-bit MAC address + pub mymac: u64, + + /// Maximum packet size + pub maxpacketsize: usize, +} + +/// Assert that a given response didn't indicate an EOF, and that it +/// matches the given text. Return an IOError if either of these +/// conditions aren't met. The response type is as given by +/// ['ser::XBSer::readln']. +pub fn assert_response(resp: String, expected: String) -> io::Result<()> { + if resp == expected { + Ok(()) + } else { + Err(mkerror(&format!( + "Unexpected response: got {}, expected {}", + resp, expected + ))) + } +} + +impl XB { + /** Creates a new XB. Returns an instance to be used for reading, + as well as a separate sender to be used in a separate thread to handle + outgoing frames. This will spawn a thread to handle the writing to XBee, which is returned. + + If initfile is given, its lines will be sent to the radio, one at a time, + expecting OK after each one, to initialize it. + + May panic if an error occurs during initialization. + */ + pub fn new( + mut ser_reader: XBSerReader, + mut ser_writer: XBSerWriter, + initfile: Option, + disable_xbee_acks: bool, + request_xbee_tx_reports: bool, + ) -> (XB, crossbeam_channel::Sender, thread::JoinHandle<()>) { + // FIXME: make this maximum of 5 configurable + let (writertx, writerrx) = crossbeam_channel::bounded(5); + + debug!("Configuring radio"); + thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(2)); + trace!("Sending +++"); + ser_writer.swrite.write_all(b"+++").unwrap(); + ser_writer.swrite.flush().unwrap(); + + loop { + // There might be other packets flowing in while we wait for the OK. FIXME: this could still find + // it prematurely if OK\r occurs in a packet. + trace!("Waiting for OK"); + let line = ser_reader.readln().unwrap().unwrap(); + if line.ends_with("OK") { + trace!("Received OK"); + break; + } else { + trace!("Will continue waiting for OK"); + } + } + + if let Some(file) = initfile { + let f = fs::File::open(file).unwrap(); + let reader = BufReader::new(f); + for line in reader.lines() { + let line = line.unwrap(); + if line.len() > 0 { + ser_writer.writeln(&line).unwrap(); + assert_eq!(ser_reader.readln().unwrap().unwrap(), String::from("OK")); + } + } + } + + // Enter API mode + ser_writer.writeln("ATAP 1").unwrap(); + assert_eq!(ser_reader.readln().unwrap().unwrap(), String::from("OK")); + + // Standard API output mode + ser_writer.writeln("ATAO 0").unwrap(); + assert_eq!(ser_reader.readln().unwrap().unwrap(), String::from("OK")); + + // Get our own MAC address + ser_writer.writeln("ATSH").unwrap(); + let serialhigh = ser_reader.readln().unwrap().unwrap(); + let serialhighu64 = u64::from_str_radix(&serialhigh, 16).unwrap(); + + ser_writer.writeln("ATSL").unwrap(); + let seriallow = ser_reader.readln().unwrap().unwrap(); + let seriallowu64 = u64::from_str_radix(&seriallow, 16).unwrap(); + + let mymac = serialhighu64 << 32 | seriallowu64; + + // Get maximum packet size + ser_writer.writeln("ATNP").unwrap(); + let maxpacket = ser_reader.readln().unwrap().unwrap(); + let maxpacketsize = usize::from(u16::from_str_radix(&maxpacket, 16).unwrap()); + + // Exit command mode + ser_writer.writeln("ATCN").unwrap(); + assert_eq!(ser_reader.readln().unwrap().unwrap(), String::from("OK")); + + debug!("Radio configuration complete"); + + let writerthread = thread::spawn(move || { + writerthread( + ser_writer, + maxpacketsize, + writerrx, + disable_xbee_acks, + request_xbee_tx_reports, + ) + }); + + ( + XB { + ser_reader, + mymac, + maxpacketsize, + }, + writertx, + writerthread, + ) + } +} + +fn writerthread( + mut ser: XBSerWriter, + maxpacketsize: usize, + writerrx: crossbeam_channel::Receiver, + disable_xbee_acks: bool, + request_xbee_tx_reports: bool, +) { + let mut packetstream = PacketStream::new(); + for item in writerrx.iter() { + match item { + XBTX::Shutdown => return, + XBTX::TXData(dest, data) => { + // Here we receive a block of data, which hasn't been + // packetized. Packetize it and send out the result. + + match packetstream.packetize_data( + maxpacketsize, + &dest, + &data, + disable_xbee_acks, + request_xbee_tx_reports, + ) { + Ok(packets) => { + for packet in packets.into_iter() { + match packet.serialize() { + Ok(datatowrite) => { + trace!( + "TX ID {:X} to {:?} data {}", + packet.frame_id, + &dest, + hex::encode(&datatowrite) + ); + ser.swrite.write_all(&datatowrite).unwrap(); + ser.swrite.flush().unwrap(); + } + Err(e) => { + error!("Serialization error: {:?}", e); + } + }; + } + } + Err(e) => { + error!("Packetization error: {}", e); + } + } + } + } + } +} diff --git a/xbnet/src/xbpacket.rs b/xbnet/src/xbpacket.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7435b86 --- /dev/null +++ b/xbnet/src/xbpacket.rs @@ -0,0 +1,249 @@ +/*! XBee packet transmission */ +/* + Copyright (C) 2020 John Goerzen . + +*/ + +use bytes::*; +use log::*; +use std::convert::{TryFrom, TryInto}; +use std::fmt; + +/** XBee transmissions can give either a 64-bit or a 16-bit destination +address. This permits the user to select one. */ +#[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Clone)] +pub enum XBDestAddr { + /// A 16-bit destination address. When a 64-bit address is given, this is transmitted as 0xFFFE. + U16(u16), + + /// The 64-bit destination address. 0xFFFF for broadcast. + /// When a 16-bit destination is given, this will be transmitted as 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF. + U64(u64), +} + +impl fmt::Debug for XBDestAddr { + fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { + match self { + XBDestAddr::U16(x) => { + f.write_str("U16(")?; + f.write_str(&hex::encode(x.to_be_bytes()))?; + f.write_str(")") + } + XBDestAddr::U64(x) => { + f.write_str("U64(")?; + f.write_str(&hex::encode(x.to_be_bytes()))?; + f.write_str(")") + } + } + } +} + +/** Possible errors from serialization */ +#[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Debug)] +pub enum TXGenError { + /// The payload was an invalid length + InvalidLen, +} + +/** A Digi 64-bit transmit request, frame type 0x10 */ +#[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Debug)] +pub struct XBTXRequest { + /// The frame ID, which will be returned in the subsequent response frame. + /// Set to 0 to disable a response for this transmission. + pub frame_id: u8, + + /// The destination address + pub dest_addr: XBDestAddr, + + /// The number of hops a broadcast transmission can traverse. When 0, the value if NH is used. + pub broadcast_radius: u8, + + /// Transmit options bitfield. When 0, uses the TO setting. + pub transmit_options: u8, + + /// The payload + pub payload: Bytes, +} + +impl XBTXRequest { + pub fn serialize(&self) -> Result { + if self.payload.is_empty() { + return Err(TXGenError::InvalidLen); + } + + // We generate the bits that are outside the length & checksum parts, then the + // inner parts, then combine them. + let mut fullframe = BytesMut::new(); + + fullframe.put_u8(0x7e); // Start delimeter + + let mut innerframe = BytesMut::new(); + // Frame type + innerframe.put_u8(0x10); + + innerframe.put_u8(self.frame_id); + match self.dest_addr { + XBDestAddr::U16(dest) => { + innerframe.put_u64(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFu64); + innerframe.put_u16(dest); + } + XBDestAddr::U64(dest) => { + innerframe.put_u64(dest); + innerframe.put_u16(0xFFFEu16); + } + }; + + innerframe.put_u8(self.broadcast_radius); + innerframe.put_u8(self.transmit_options); + innerframe.put_slice(&self.payload); + + // That's it for the inner frame. Now fill in the outer frame. + if let Ok(lenu16) = u16::try_from(innerframe.len()) { + fullframe.put_u16(lenu16); + fullframe.put_slice(&innerframe); + fullframe.put_u8(xbchecksum(&innerframe)); + Ok(fullframe.freeze()) + } else { + Err(TXGenError::InvalidLen) + } + } +} + +/// Calculate an XBee checksum over a slice +pub fn xbchecksum(data: &[u8]) -> u8 { + let sumu64: u64 = data.into_iter().map(|x| u64::from(*x)).sum(); + 0xffu8 - (sumu64 as u8) +} + +/** Return a 48-bit MAC given the 64-bit MAC. Truncates the most significant bits. + +# Example + +``` +use xbnet::xbpacket::*; + +let mac64 = 0x123456789abcdeffu64; +let mac48 = mac64to48(mac64); +assert_eq!([0x56, 0x78, 0x9a, 0xbc, 0xde, 0xff], mac48); +assert_eq(mac64, mac48to64(mac48, mac64)); +``` +*/ +pub fn mac64to48(mac64: u64) -> [u8; 6] { + let macbytes = mac64.to_be_bytes(); + macbytes[2..].try_into().unwrap() +} + +/** Return a 64-bit MAC given a pattern 64-bit MAC and a 48-bit MAC. The 16 most +significant bits from the pattern will be used to complete the 48-bit MAC to 64-bit. +*/ +pub fn mac48to64(mac48: &[u8; 6], pattern64: u64) -> u64 { + let mut mac64bytes = [0u8; 8]; + mac64bytes[2..].copy_from_slice(mac48); + let mut mac64 = u64::from_be_bytes(mac64bytes); + mac64 |= pattern64 & 0xffff000000000000; + mac64 +} + +pub struct PacketStream { + /// The counter for the frame + framecounter: u8, +} + +impl PacketStream { + pub fn new() -> Self { + PacketStream { framecounter: 1 } + } + + pub fn get_and_incr_framecounter(&mut self) -> u8 { + let retval = self.framecounter; + if self.framecounter == std::u8::MAX { + self.framecounter = 1 + } else { + self.framecounter += 1 + } + retval + } + + /** Convert the given data into zero or more packets for transmission. + + We create a leading byte that indicates how many more XBee packets are remaining + for the block. When zero, the receiver should process the accumulated data. */ + pub fn packetize_data( + &mut self, + maxpacketsize: usize, + dest: &XBDestAddr, + data: &[u8], + disable_xbee_acks: bool, + request_xbee_tx_reports: bool, + ) -> Result, String> { + let mut retval = Vec::new(); + if data.is_empty() { + return Ok(retval); + } + + // trace!("xbpacket: data len {}", data.len()); + let chunks: Vec<&[u8]> = data.chunks(maxpacketsize - 1).collect(); + // trace!("xbpacket: chunk count {}", chunks.len()); + let mut chunks_remaining: u8 = u8::try_from(chunks.len()) + .map_err(|e| String::from("More than 255 chunks to transmit"))?; + for chunk in chunks { + // trace!("xbpacket: chunks_remaining: {}", chunks_remaining); + let mut payload = BytesMut::new(); + payload.put_u8(chunks_remaining - 1); + payload.put_slice(chunk); + let frame_id = if request_xbee_tx_reports { + self.get_and_incr_framecounter() + } else { + 0 + }; + let packet = XBTXRequest { + frame_id, + dest_addr: dest.clone(), + broadcast_radius: 0, + transmit_options: if disable_xbee_acks { 0x01 } else { 0 }, + payload: Bytes::from(payload), + }; + + retval.push(packet); + chunks_remaining -= 1; + } + + Ok(retval) + } +} + +////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// +////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// +// RX side + +/** A Digi receive packet, 0x90 */ +#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug)] +pub struct RXPacket { + pub sender_addr64: u64, + pub sender_addr16: u16, + pub rx_options: u8, + pub payload: Bytes, +} + +/** A Digi extended transmit status frame, 0x8B */ +#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug)] +pub struct ExtTxStatus { + pub frame_id: u8, + pub dest_addr_16: u16, + pub tx_retry_count: u8, + pub delivery_status: u8, + pub discovery_status: u8, +} diff --git a/xbnet/src/xbrx.rs b/xbnet/src/xbrx.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2b01243 --- /dev/null +++ b/xbnet/src/xbrx.rs @@ -0,0 +1,162 @@ +/*! Receiving data from XBee */ + +/* + Copyright (C) 2019-2020 John Goerzen . + +*/ + +use crate::ser::*; +use crate::xbpacket::*; +use bytes::*; +use hex; +use log::*; +use std::collections::HashMap; +use std::io::Read; + +/** Attempts to read a packet from the port. Returns +None if it's not an RX frame, or if there is a checksum mismatch. */ +pub fn rxxbpacket(ser: &mut XBSerReader) -> Option { + let mut junkbytes = BytesMut::new(); + loop { + let mut startdelim = [0u8; 1]; + ser.br.read_exact(&mut startdelim).unwrap(); + if startdelim[0] != 0x7e { + if junkbytes.is_empty() { + error!("Receiving junk"); + } + + junkbytes.put_u8(startdelim[0]); + } else { + break; + } + } + + // OK, got the start delimeter. Log the junk, if any. + if !junkbytes.is_empty() { + error!( + "Found start delimeter after reading junk: {}", + hex::encode(&junkbytes) + ); + junkbytes.clear(); + } + + // Read the length. + + let mut lenbytes = [0u8; 2]; + ser.br.read_exact(&mut lenbytes).unwrap(); + let length = usize::from(u16::from_be_bytes(lenbytes)); + + // Now read the rest of the frame. + let mut inner = vec![0u8; length]; + + ser.br.read_exact(&mut inner).unwrap(); + + // And the checksum. + let mut checksum = [0u8; 1]; + ser.br.read_exact(&mut checksum).unwrap(); + + if xbchecksum(&inner) != checksum[0] { + error!("SERIN: Checksum mismatch; data: {}", hex::encode(inner)); + return None; + } + + let mut inner = Bytes::from(inner); + let frametype = inner.get_u8(); + match frametype { + 0x8B => { + // Delivery status update. Log and ignore. + let frame_id = inner.get_u8(); + let dest_addr_16 = inner.get_u16(); + let tx_retry_count = inner.get_u8(); + let delivery_status = inner.get_u8(); + let discovery_status = inner.get_u8(); + trace!("TX STATUS: frame_id: {:X}, dest_addr_16: {:X}, tx_retry_count: {:X}, delivery_status: {:X}, discovery_status: {:X}", + frame_id, dest_addr_16, tx_retry_count, delivery_status, discovery_status); + None + } + 0x90 => { + let sender_addr64 = inner.get_u64(); + let sender_addr16 = inner.get_u16(); + let rx_options = inner.get_u8(); + let payload = inner.to_bytes(); + trace!( + "SERIN: packet from {} / {}, payload {}", + hex::encode(sender_addr64.to_be_bytes()), + hex::encode(sender_addr16.to_be_bytes()), + hex::encode(&payload) + ); + Some(RXPacket { + sender_addr64, + sender_addr16, + rx_options, + payload, + }) + } + _ => { + debug!("SERIN: Non-0x90 frame; data: {}", hex::encode(inner)); + None + } + } +} + +/// Like rxxbpacket, but wait until we have a valid packet. +pub fn rxxbpacket_wait(ser: &mut XBSerReader) -> RXPacket { + loop { + if let Some(packet) = rxxbpacket(ser) { + return packet; + } + } +} + +/// Receives XBee packets, recomposes into larger frames. +pub struct XBReframer { + buf: HashMap, +} + +/** Receive a frame that may have been split up into multiple XBee frames. Reassemble +as needed and return when we've got something that can be returned. */ +impl XBReframer { + pub fn new() -> Self { + XBReframer { + buf: HashMap::new(), + } + } + + /// Receive a frame. Indicate the sender (u64, u16) and payload. + pub fn rxframe(&mut self, ser: &mut XBSerReader) -> (u64, u16, Bytes) { + loop { + let packet = rxxbpacket_wait(ser); + let mut frame = BytesMut::new(); + if let Some(olddata) = self.buf.get(&packet.sender_addr64) { + frame.extend_from_slice(olddata); + }; + + frame.extend_from_slice(&packet.payload[1..]); + if packet.payload[0] == 0x0 { + self.buf.remove(&packet.sender_addr64); + return (packet.sender_addr64, packet.sender_addr16, frame.freeze()); + } else { + self.buf.insert(packet.sender_addr64, frame); + } + } + } + + pub fn discardframes(&mut self, ser: &mut XBSerReader) -> () { + loop { + let _ = self.rxframe(ser); + } + } +}