mirror of https://github.com/python/cpython
222 lines
4.6 KiB
ReStructuredText
222 lines
4.6 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. currentmodule:: asyncio
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====================
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High-level API Index
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====================
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This page lists all high-level async/await enabled asyncio APIs.
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Tasks
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=====
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Utilities to run asyncio programs, create Tasks, and
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await on multiple things with timeouts.
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.. list-table::
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:widths: 50 50
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:class: full-width-table
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* - :func:`run`
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- Create event loop, run a coroutine, close the loop.
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* - :func:`create_task`
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- Start an asyncio Task.
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* - ``await`` :func:`sleep`
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- Sleep for a number of seconds.
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* - ``await`` :func:`gather`
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- Schedule and wait for things concurrently.
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* - ``await`` :func:`wait_for`
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- Run with a timeout.
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* - ``await`` :func:`shield`
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- Shield from cancellation.
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* - ``await`` :func:`wait`
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- Monitor for completion.
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* - :func:`current_task`
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- Return the current Task.
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* - :func:`all_tasks`
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- Return all tasks for an event loop.
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* - :class:`Task`
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- Task object.
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* - :func:`to_thread`
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- Asynchronously run a function in a separate OS thread.
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* - :func:`run_coroutine_threadsafe`
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- Schedule a coroutine from another OS thread.
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* - ``for in`` :func:`as_completed`
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- Monitor for completion with a ``for`` loop.
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.. rubric:: Examples
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* :ref:`Using asyncio.gather() to run things in parallel
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<asyncio_example_gather>`.
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* :ref:`Using asyncio.wait_for() to enforce a timeout
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<asyncio_example_waitfor>`.
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* :ref:`Cancellation <asyncio_example_task_cancel>`.
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* :ref:`Using asyncio.sleep() <asyncio_example_sleep>`.
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* See also the main :ref:`Tasks documentation page <coroutine>`.
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Queues
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======
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Queues should be used to distribute work amongst multiple asyncio Tasks,
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implement connection pools, and pub/sub patterns.
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.. list-table::
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:widths: 50 50
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:class: full-width-table
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* - :class:`Queue`
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- A FIFO queue.
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* - :class:`PriorityQueue`
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- A priority queue.
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* - :class:`LifoQueue`
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- A LIFO queue.
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.. rubric:: Examples
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* :ref:`Using asyncio.Queue to distribute workload between several
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Tasks <asyncio_example_queue_dist>`.
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* See also the :ref:`Queues documentation page <asyncio-queues>`.
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Subprocesses
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============
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Utilities to spawn subprocesses and run shell commands.
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.. list-table::
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:widths: 50 50
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:class: full-width-table
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* - ``await`` :func:`create_subprocess_exec`
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- Create a subprocess.
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* - ``await`` :func:`create_subprocess_shell`
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- Run a shell command.
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.. rubric:: Examples
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* :ref:`Executing a shell command <asyncio_example_subprocess_shell>`.
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* See also the :ref:`subprocess APIs <asyncio-subprocess>`
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documentation.
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Streams
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=======
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High-level APIs to work with network IO.
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.. list-table::
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:widths: 50 50
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:class: full-width-table
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* - ``await`` :func:`open_connection`
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- Establish a TCP connection.
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* - ``await`` :func:`open_unix_connection`
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- Establish a Unix socket connection.
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* - ``await`` :func:`start_server`
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- Start a TCP server.
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* - ``await`` :func:`start_unix_server`
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- Start a Unix socket server.
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* - :class:`StreamReader`
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- High-level async/await object to receive network data.
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* - :class:`StreamWriter`
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- High-level async/await object to send network data.
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.. rubric:: Examples
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* :ref:`Example TCP client <asyncio_example_stream>`.
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* See also the :ref:`streams APIs <asyncio-streams>`
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documentation.
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Synchronization
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===============
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Threading-like synchronization primitives that can be used in Tasks.
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.. list-table::
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:widths: 50 50
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:class: full-width-table
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* - :class:`Lock`
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- A mutex lock.
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* - :class:`Event`
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- An event object.
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* - :class:`Condition`
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- A condition object.
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* - :class:`Semaphore`
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- A semaphore.
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* - :class:`BoundedSemaphore`
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- A bounded semaphore.
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.. rubric:: Examples
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* :ref:`Using asyncio.Event <asyncio_example_sync_event>`.
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* See also the documentation of asyncio
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:ref:`synchronization primitives <asyncio-sync>`.
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Exceptions
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==========
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.. list-table::
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:widths: 50 50
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:class: full-width-table
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* - :exc:`asyncio.TimeoutError`
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- Raised on timeout by functions like :func:`wait_for`.
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Keep in mind that ``asyncio.TimeoutError`` is **unrelated**
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to the built-in :exc:`TimeoutError` exception.
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* - :exc:`asyncio.CancelledError`
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- Raised when a Task is cancelled. See also :meth:`Task.cancel`.
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.. rubric:: Examples
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* :ref:`Handling CancelledError to run code on cancellation request
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<asyncio_example_task_cancel>`.
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* See also the full list of
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:ref:`asyncio-specific exceptions <asyncio-exceptions>`.
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