import io import unittest import pickle import pickletools import sys import copyreg import weakref from http.cookies import SimpleCookie from test.support import ( TestFailed, TESTFN, run_with_locale, no_tracing, _2G, _4G, bigmemtest, ) from pickle import bytes_types # Tests that try a number of pickle protocols should have a # for proto in protocols: # kind of outer loop. protocols = range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1) ascii_char_size = 1 # Return True if opcode code appears in the pickle, else False. def opcode_in_pickle(code, pickle): for op, dummy, dummy in pickletools.genops(pickle): if op.code == code.decode("latin-1"): return True return False # Return the number of times opcode code appears in pickle. def count_opcode(code, pickle): n = 0 for op, dummy, dummy in pickletools.genops(pickle): if op.code == code.decode("latin-1"): n += 1 return n class UnseekableIO(io.BytesIO): def peek(self, *args): raise NotImplementedError def seekable(self): return False def seek(self, *args): raise io.UnsupportedOperation def tell(self): raise io.UnsupportedOperation # We can't very well test the extension registry without putting known stuff # in it, but we have to be careful to restore its original state. Code # should do this: # # e = ExtensionSaver(extension_code) # try: # fiddle w/ the extension registry's stuff for extension_code # finally: # e.restore() class ExtensionSaver: # Remember current registration for code (if any), and remove it (if # there is one). def __init__(self, code): self.code = code if code in copyreg._inverted_registry: self.pair = copyreg._inverted_registry[code] copyreg.remove_extension(self.pair[0], self.pair[1], code) else: self.pair = None # Restore previous registration for code. def restore(self): code = self.code curpair = copyreg._inverted_registry.get(code) if curpair is not None: copyreg.remove_extension(curpair[0], curpair[1], code) pair = self.pair if pair is not None: copyreg.add_extension(pair[0], pair[1], code) class C: def __eq__(self, other): return self.__dict__ == other.__dict__ class D(C): def __init__(self, arg): pass class E(C): def __getinitargs__(self): return () import __main__ __main__.C = C C.__module__ = "__main__" __main__.D = D D.__module__ = "__main__" __main__.E = E E.__module__ = "__main__" class myint(int): def __init__(self, x): self.str = str(x) class initarg(C): def __init__(self, a, b): self.a = a self.b = b def __getinitargs__(self): return self.a, self.b class metaclass(type): pass class use_metaclass(object, metaclass=metaclass): pass class pickling_metaclass(type): def __eq__(self, other): return (type(self) == type(other) and self.reduce_args == other.reduce_args) def __reduce__(self): return (create_dynamic_class, self.reduce_args) def create_dynamic_class(name, bases): result = pickling_metaclass(name, bases, dict()) result.reduce_args = (name, bases) return result # DATA0 .. DATA2 are the pickles we expect under the various protocols, for # the object returned by create_data(). DATA0 = ( b'(lp0\nL0L\naL1L\naF2.0\nac' b'builtins\ncomplex\n' b'p1\n(F3.0\nF0.0\ntp2\nRp' b'3\naL1L\naL-1L\naL255L\naL-' b'255L\naL-256L\naL65535L\na' b'L-65535L\naL-65536L\naL2' b'147483647L\naL-2147483' b'647L\naL-2147483648L\na(' b'Vabc\np4\ng4\nccopyreg' b'\n_reconstructor\np5\n(' b'c__main__\nC\np6\ncbu' b'iltins\nobject\np7\nNt' b'p8\nRp9\n(dp10\nVfoo\np1' b'1\nL1L\nsVbar\np12\nL2L\nsb' b'g9\ntp13\nag13\naL5L\na.' ) # Disassembly of DATA0 DATA0_DIS = """\ 0: ( MARK 1: l LIST (MARK at 0) 2: p PUT 0 5: L LONG 0 9: a APPEND 10: L LONG 1 14: a APPEND 15: F FLOAT 2.0 20: a APPEND 21: c GLOBAL 'builtins complex' 39: p PUT 1 42: ( MARK 43: F FLOAT 3.0 48: F FLOAT 0.0 53: t TUPLE (MARK at 42) 54: p PUT 2 57: R REDUCE 58: p PUT 3 61: a APPEND 62: L LONG 1 66: a APPEND 67: L LONG -1 72: a APPEND 73: L LONG 255 79: a APPEND 80: L LONG -255 87: a APPEND 88: L LONG -256 95: a APPEND 96: L LONG 65535 104: a APPEND 105: L LONG -65535 114: a APPEND 115: L LONG -65536 124: a APPEND 125: L LONG 2147483647 138: a APPEND 139: L LONG -2147483647 153: a APPEND 154: L LONG -2147483648 168: a APPEND 169: ( MARK 170: V UNICODE 'abc' 175: p PUT 4 178: g GET 4 181: c GLOBAL 'copyreg _reconstructor' 205: p PUT 5 208: ( MARK 209: c GLOBAL '__main__ C' 221: p PUT 6 224: c GLOBAL 'builtins object' 241: p PUT 7 244: N NONE 245: t TUPLE (MARK at 208) 246: p PUT 8 249: R REDUCE 250: p PUT 9 253: ( MARK 254: d DICT (MARK at 253) 255: p PUT 10 259: V UNICODE 'foo' 264: p PUT 11 268: L LONG 1 272: s SETITEM 273: V UNICODE 'bar' 278: p PUT 12 282: L LONG 2 286: s SETITEM 287: b BUILD 288: g GET 9 291: t TUPLE (MARK at 169) 292: p PUT 13 296: a APPEND 297: g GET 13 301: a APPEND 302: L LONG 5 306: a APPEND 307: . STOP highest protocol among opcodes = 0 """ DATA1 = ( b']q\x00(K\x00K\x01G@\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00c' b'builtins\ncomplex\nq\x01' b'(G@\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00G\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00t' b'q\x02Rq\x03K\x01J\xff\xff\xff\xffK\xffJ\x01\xff\xff\xffJ' b'\x00\xff\xff\xffM\xff\xffJ\x01\x00\xff\xffJ\x00\x00\xff\xffJ\xff\xff' b'\xff\x7fJ\x01\x00\x00\x80J\x00\x00\x00\x80(X\x03\x00\x00\x00ab' b'cq\x04h\x04ccopyreg\n_reco' b'nstructor\nq\x05(c__main' b'__\nC\nq\x06cbuiltins\n' b'object\nq\x07Ntq\x08Rq\t}q\n(' b'X\x03\x00\x00\x00fooq\x0bK\x01X\x03\x00\x00\x00bar' b'q\x0cK\x02ubh\ttq\rh\rK\x05e.' ) # Disassembly of DATA1 DATA1_DIS = """\ 0: ] EMPTY_LIST 1: q BINPUT 0 3: ( MARK 4: K BININT1 0 6: K BININT1 1 8: G BINFLOAT 2.0 17: c GLOBAL 'builtins complex' 35: q BINPUT 1 37: ( MARK 38: G BINFLOAT 3.0 47: G BINFLOAT 0.0 56: t TUPLE (MARK at 37) 57: q BINPUT 2 59: R REDUCE 60: q BINPUT 3 62: K BININT1 1 64: J BININT -1 69: K BININT1 255 71: J BININT -255 76: J BININT -256 81: M BININT2 65535 84: J BININT -65535 89: J BININT -65536 94: J BININT 2147483647 99: J BININT -2147483647 104: J BININT -2147483648 109: ( MARK 110: X BINUNICODE 'abc' 118: q BINPUT 4 120: h BINGET 4 122: c GLOBAL 'copyreg _reconstructor' 146: q BINPUT 5 148: ( MARK 149: c GLOBAL '__main__ C' 161: q BINPUT 6 163: c GLOBAL 'builtins object' 180: q BINPUT 7 182: N NONE 183: t TUPLE (MARK at 148) 184: q BINPUT 8 186: R REDUCE 187: q BINPUT 9 189: } EMPTY_DICT 190: q BINPUT 10 192: ( MARK 193: X BINUNICODE 'foo' 201: q BINPUT 11 203: K BININT1 1 205: X BINUNICODE 'bar' 213: q BINPUT 12 215: K BININT1 2 217: u SETITEMS (MARK at 192) 218: b BUILD 219: h BINGET 9 221: t TUPLE (MARK at 109) 222: q BINPUT 13 224: h BINGET 13 226: K BININT1 5 228: e APPENDS (MARK at 3) 229: . STOP highest protocol among opcodes = 1 """ DATA2 = ( b'\x80\x02]q\x00(K\x00K\x01G@\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00c' b'builtins\ncomplex\n' b'q\x01G@\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00G\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00' b'\x86q\x02Rq\x03K\x01J\xff\xff\xff\xffK\xffJ\x01\xff\xff\xff' b'J\x00\xff\xff\xffM\xff\xffJ\x01\x00\xff\xffJ\x00\x00\xff\xffJ\xff' b'\xff\xff\x7fJ\x01\x00\x00\x80J\x00\x00\x00\x80(X\x03\x00\x00\x00a' b'bcq\x04h\x04c__main__\nC\nq\x05' b')\x81q\x06}q\x07(X\x03\x00\x00\x00fooq\x08K\x01' b'X\x03\x00\x00\x00barq\tK\x02ubh\x06tq\nh' b'\nK\x05e.' ) # Disassembly of DATA2 DATA2_DIS = """\ 0: \x80 PROTO 2 2: ] EMPTY_LIST 3: q BINPUT 0 5: ( MARK 6: K BININT1 0 8: K BININT1 1 10: G BINFLOAT 2.0 19: c GLOBAL 'builtins complex' 37: q BINPUT 1 39: G BINFLOAT 3.0 48: G BINFLOAT 0.0 57: \x86 TUPLE2 58: q BINPUT 2 60: R REDUCE 61: q BINPUT 3 63: K BININT1 1 65: J BININT -1 70: K BININT1 255 72: J BININT -255 77: J BININT -256 82: M BININT2 65535 85: J BININT -65535 90: J BININT -65536 95: J BININT 2147483647 100: J BININT -2147483647 105: J BININT -2147483648 110: ( MARK 111: X BINUNICODE 'abc' 119: q BINPUT 4 121: h BINGET 4 123: c GLOBAL '__main__ C' 135: q BINPUT 5 137: ) EMPTY_TUPLE 138: \x81 NEWOBJ 139: q BINPUT 6 141: } EMPTY_DICT 142: q BINPUT 7 144: ( MARK 145: X BINUNICODE 'foo' 153: q BINPUT 8 155: K BININT1 1 157: X BINUNICODE 'bar' 165: q BINPUT 9 167: K BININT1 2 169: u SETITEMS (MARK at 144) 170: b BUILD 171: h BINGET 6 173: t TUPLE (MARK at 110) 174: q BINPUT 10 176: h BINGET 10 178: K BININT1 5 180: e APPENDS (MARK at 5) 181: . STOP highest protocol among opcodes = 2 """ # set([1,2]) pickled from 2.x with protocol 2 DATA3 = b'\x80\x02c__builtin__\nset\nq\x00]q\x01(K\x01K\x02e\x85q\x02Rq\x03.' # xrange(5) pickled from 2.x with protocol 2 DATA4 = b'\x80\x02c__builtin__\nxrange\nq\x00K\x00K\x05K\x01\x87q\x01Rq\x02.' # a SimpleCookie() object pickled from 2.x with protocol 2 DATA5 = (b'\x80\x02cCookie\nSimpleCookie\nq\x00)\x81q\x01U\x03key' b'q\x02cCookie\nMorsel\nq\x03)\x81q\x04(U\x07commentq\x05U' b'\x00q\x06U\x06domainq\x07h\x06U\x06secureq\x08h\x06U\x07' b'expiresq\th\x06U\x07max-ageq\nh\x06U\x07versionq\x0bh\x06U' b'\x04pathq\x0ch\x06U\x08httponlyq\rh\x06u}q\x0e(U\x0b' b'coded_valueq\x0fU\x05valueq\x10h\x10h\x10h\x02h\x02ubs}q\x11b.') # set([3]) pickled from 2.x with protocol 2 DATA6 = b'\x80\x02c__builtin__\nset\nq\x00]q\x01K\x03a\x85q\x02Rq\x03.' def create_data(): c = C() c.foo = 1 c.bar = 2 x = [0, 1, 2.0, 3.0+0j] # Append some integer test cases at cPickle.c's internal size # cutoffs. uint1max = 0xff uint2max = 0xffff int4max = 0x7fffffff x.extend([1, -1, uint1max, -uint1max, -uint1max-1, uint2max, -uint2max, -uint2max-1, int4max, -int4max, -int4max-1]) y = ('abc', 'abc', c, c) x.append(y) x.append(y) x.append(5) return x class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase): # Subclass must define self.dumps, self.loads. _testdata = create_data() def setUp(self): pass def test_misc(self): # test various datatypes not tested by testdata for proto in protocols: x = myint(4) s = self.dumps(x, proto) y = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(x, y) x = (1, ()) s = self.dumps(x, proto) y = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(x, y) x = initarg(1, x) s = self.dumps(x, proto) y = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(x, y) # XXX test __reduce__ protocol? def test_roundtrip_equality(self): expected = self._testdata for proto in protocols: s = self.dumps(expected, proto) got = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(expected, got) def test_load_from_data0(self): self.assertEqual(self._testdata, self.loads(DATA0)) def test_load_from_data1(self): self.assertEqual(self._testdata, self.loads(DATA1)) def test_load_from_data2(self): self.assertEqual(self._testdata, self.loads(DATA2)) def test_load_classic_instance(self): # See issue5180. Test loading 2.x pickles that # contain an instance of old style class. for X, args in [(C, ()), (D, ('x',)), (E, ())]: xname = X.__name__.encode('ascii') # Protocol 0 (text mode pickle): """ 0: ( MARK 1: i INST '__main__ X' (MARK at 0) 15: p PUT 0 18: ( MARK 19: d DICT (MARK at 18) 20: p PUT 1 23: b BUILD 24: . STOP """ pickle0 = (b"(i__main__\n" b"X\n" b"p0\n" b"(dp1\nb.").replace(b'X', xname) self.assertEqual(X(*args), self.loads(pickle0)) # Protocol 1 (binary mode pickle) """ 0: ( MARK 1: c GLOBAL '__main__ X' 15: q BINPUT 0 17: o OBJ (MARK at 0) 18: q BINPUT 1 20: } EMPTY_DICT 21: q BINPUT 2 23: b BUILD 24: . STOP """ pickle1 = (b'(c__main__\n' b'X\n' b'q\x00oq\x01}q\x02b.').replace(b'X', xname) self.assertEqual(X(*args), self.loads(pickle1)) # Protocol 2 (pickle2 = b'\x80\x02' + pickle1) """ 0: \x80 PROTO 2 2: ( MARK 3: c GLOBAL '__main__ X' 17: q BINPUT 0 19: o OBJ (MARK at 2) 20: q BINPUT 1 22: } EMPTY_DICT 23: q BINPUT 2 25: b BUILD 26: . STOP """ pickle2 = (b'\x80\x02(c__main__\n' b'X\n' b'q\x00oq\x01}q\x02b.').replace(b'X', xname) self.assertEqual(X(*args), self.loads(pickle2)) # There are gratuitous differences between pickles produced by # pickle and cPickle, largely because cPickle starts PUT indices at # 1 and pickle starts them at 0. See XXX comment in cPickle's put2() -- # there's a comment with an exclamation point there whose meaning # is a mystery. cPickle also suppresses PUT for objects with a refcount # of 1. def dont_test_disassembly(self): from io import StringIO from pickletools import dis for proto, expected in (0, DATA0_DIS), (1, DATA1_DIS): s = self.dumps(self._testdata, proto) filelike = StringIO() dis(s, out=filelike) got = filelike.getvalue() self.assertEqual(expected, got) def test_recursive_list(self): l = [] l.append(l) for proto in protocols: s = self.dumps(l, proto) x = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(len(x), 1) self.assertTrue(x is x[0]) def test_recursive_tuple(self): t = ([],) t[0].append(t) for proto in protocols: s = self.dumps(t, proto) x = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(len(x), 1) self.assertEqual(len(x[0]), 1) self.assertTrue(x is x[0][0]) def test_recursive_dict(self): d = {} d[1] = d for proto in protocols: s = self.dumps(d, proto) x = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(list(x.keys()), [1]) self.assertTrue(x[1] is x) def test_recursive_inst(self): i = C() i.attr = i for proto in protocols: s = self.dumps(i, 2) x = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(dir(x), dir(i)) self.assertTrue(x.attr is x) def test_recursive_multi(self): l = [] d = {1:l} i = C() i.attr = d l.append(i) for proto in protocols: s = self.dumps(l, proto) x = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(len(x), 1) self.assertEqual(dir(x[0]), dir(i)) self.assertEqual(list(x[0].attr.keys()), [1]) self.assertTrue(x[0].attr[1] is x) def test_get(self): self.assertRaises(KeyError, self.loads, b'g0\np0') self.assertEqual(self.loads(b'((Kdtp0\nh\x00l.))'), [(100,), (100,)]) def test_insecure_strings(self): # XXX Some of these tests are temporarily disabled insecure = [b"abc", b"2 + 2", # not quoted ## b"'abc' + 'def'", # not a single quoted string b"'abc", # quote is not closed b"'abc\"", # open quote and close quote don't match b"'abc' ?", # junk after close quote b"'\\'", # trailing backslash # some tests of the quoting rules ## b"'abc\"\''", ## b"'\\\\a\'\'\'\\\'\\\\\''", ] for b in insecure: buf = b"S" + b + b"\012p0\012." self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.loads, buf) def test_unicode(self): endcases = ['', '<\\u>', '<\\\u1234>', '<\n>', '<\\>', '<\\\U00012345>', # surrogates '<\udc80>'] for proto in protocols: for u in endcases: p = self.dumps(u, proto) u2 = self.loads(p) self.assertEqual(u2, u) def test_unicode_high_plane(self): t = '\U00012345' for proto in protocols: p = self.dumps(t, proto) t2 = self.loads(p) self.assertEqual(t2, t) def test_bytes(self): for proto in protocols: for s in b'', b'xyz', b'xyz'*100: p = self.dumps(s) self.assertEqual(self.loads(p), s) for s in [bytes([i]) for i in range(256)]: p = self.dumps(s) self.assertEqual(self.loads(p), s) for s in [bytes([i, i]) for i in range(256)]: p = self.dumps(s) self.assertEqual(self.loads(p), s) def test_ints(self): import sys for proto in protocols: n = sys.maxsize while n: for expected in (-n, n): s = self.dumps(expected, proto) n2 = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(expected, n2) n = n >> 1 def test_maxint64(self): maxint64 = (1 << 63) - 1 data = b'I' + str(maxint64).encode("ascii") + b'\n.' got = self.loads(data) self.assertEqual(got, maxint64) # Try too with a bogus literal. data = b'I' + str(maxint64).encode("ascii") + b'JUNK\n.' self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.loads, data) def test_long(self): for proto in protocols: # 256 bytes is where LONG4 begins. for nbits in 1, 8, 8*254, 8*255, 8*256, 8*257: nbase = 1 << nbits for npos in nbase-1, nbase, nbase+1: for n in npos, -npos: pickle = self.dumps(n, proto) got = self.loads(pickle) self.assertEqual(n, got) # Try a monster. This is quadratic-time in protos 0 & 1, so don't # bother with those. nbase = int("deadbeeffeedface", 16) nbase += nbase << 1000000 for n in nbase, -nbase: p = self.dumps(n, 2) got = self.loads(p) self.assertEqual(n, got) def test_float(self): test_values = [0.0, 4.94e-324, 1e-310, 7e-308, 6.626e-34, 0.1, 0.5, 3.14, 263.44582062374053, 6.022e23, 1e30] test_values = test_values + [-x for x in test_values] for proto in protocols: for value in test_values: pickle = self.dumps(value, proto) got = self.loads(pickle) self.assertEqual(value, got) @run_with_locale('LC_ALL', 'de_DE', 'fr_FR') def test_float_format(self): # make sure that floats are formatted locale independent with proto 0 self.assertEqual(self.dumps(1.2, 0)[0:3], b'F1.') def test_reduce(self): pass def test_getinitargs(self): pass def test_metaclass(self): a = use_metaclass() for proto in protocols: s = self.dumps(a, proto) b = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(a.__class__, b.__class__) def test_dynamic_class(self): a = create_dynamic_class("my_dynamic_class", (object,)) copyreg.pickle(pickling_metaclass, pickling_metaclass.__reduce__) for proto in protocols: s = self.dumps(a, proto) b = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(a, b) def test_structseq(self): import time import os t = time.localtime() for proto in protocols: s = self.dumps(t, proto) u = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(t, u) if hasattr(os, "stat"): t = os.stat(os.curdir) s = self.dumps(t, proto) u = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(t, u) if hasattr(os, "statvfs"): t = os.statvfs(os.curdir) s = self.dumps(t, proto) u = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(t, u) def test_ellipsis(self): for proto in protocols: s = self.dumps(..., proto) u = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(..., u) def test_notimplemented(self): for proto in protocols: s = self.dumps(NotImplemented, proto) u = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(NotImplemented, u) # Tests for protocol 2 def test_proto(self): build_none = pickle.NONE + pickle.STOP for proto in protocols: expected = build_none if proto >= 2: expected = pickle.PROTO + bytes([proto]) + expected p = self.dumps(None, proto) self.assertEqual(p, expected) oob = protocols[-1] + 1 # a future protocol badpickle = pickle.PROTO + bytes([oob]) + build_none try: self.loads(badpickle) except ValueError as detail: self.assertTrue(str(detail).startswith( "unsupported pickle protocol")) else: self.fail("expected bad protocol number to raise ValueError") def test_long1(self): x = 12345678910111213141516178920 for proto in protocols: s = self.dumps(x, proto) y = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(x, y) self.assertEqual(opcode_in_pickle(pickle.LONG1, s), proto >= 2) def test_long4(self): x = 12345678910111213141516178920 << (256*8) for proto in protocols: s = self.dumps(x, proto) y = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(x, y) self.assertEqual(opcode_in_pickle(pickle.LONG4, s), proto >= 2) def test_short_tuples(self): # Map (proto, len(tuple)) to expected opcode. expected_opcode = {(0, 0): pickle.TUPLE, (0, 1): pickle.TUPLE, (0, 2): pickle.TUPLE, (0, 3): pickle.TUPLE, (0, 4): pickle.TUPLE, (1, 0): pickle.EMPTY_TUPLE, (1, 1): pickle.TUPLE, (1, 2): pickle.TUPLE, (1, 3): pickle.TUPLE, (1, 4): pickle.TUPLE, (2, 0): pickle.EMPTY_TUPLE, (2, 1): pickle.TUPLE1, (2, 2): pickle.TUPLE2, (2, 3): pickle.TUPLE3, (2, 4): pickle.TUPLE, (3, 0): pickle.EMPTY_TUPLE, (3, 1): pickle.TUPLE1, (3, 2): pickle.TUPLE2, (3, 3): pickle.TUPLE3, (3, 4): pickle.TUPLE, } a = () b = (1,) c = (1, 2) d = (1, 2, 3) e = (1, 2, 3, 4) for proto in protocols: for x in a, b, c, d, e: s = self.dumps(x, proto) y = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(x, y, (proto, x, s, y)) expected = expected_opcode[proto, len(x)] self.assertEqual(opcode_in_pickle(expected, s), True) def test_singletons(self): # Map (proto, singleton) to expected opcode. expected_opcode = {(0, None): pickle.NONE, (1, None): pickle.NONE, (2, None): pickle.NONE, (3, None): pickle.NONE, (0, True): pickle.INT, (1, True): pickle.INT, (2, True): pickle.NEWTRUE, (3, True): pickle.NEWTRUE, (0, False): pickle.INT, (1, False): pickle.INT, (2, False): pickle.NEWFALSE, (3, False): pickle.NEWFALSE, } for proto in protocols: for x in None, False, True: s = self.dumps(x, proto) y = self.loads(s) self.assertTrue(x is y, (proto, x, s, y)) expected = expected_opcode[proto, x] self.assertEqual(opcode_in_pickle(expected, s), True) def test_newobj_tuple(self): x = MyTuple([1, 2, 3]) x.foo = 42 x.bar = "hello" for proto in protocols: s = self.dumps(x, proto) y = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(tuple(x), tuple(y)) self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, y.__dict__) def test_newobj_list(self): x = MyList([1, 2, 3]) x.foo = 42 x.bar = "hello" for proto in protocols: s = self.dumps(x, proto) y = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(list(x), list(y)) self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, y.__dict__) def test_newobj_generic(self): for proto in protocols: for C in myclasses: B = C.__base__ x = C(C.sample) x.foo = 42 s = self.dumps(x, proto) y = self.loads(s) detail = (proto, C, B, x, y, type(y)) self.assertEqual(B(x), B(y), detail) self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, y.__dict__, detail) def test_newobj_proxies(self): # NEWOBJ should use the __class__ rather than the raw type classes = myclasses[:] # Cannot create weakproxies to these classes for c in (MyInt, MyTuple): classes.remove(c) for proto in protocols: for C in classes: B = C.__base__ x = C(C.sample) x.foo = 42 p = weakref.proxy(x) s = self.dumps(p, proto) y = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(type(y), type(x)) # rather than type(p) detail = (proto, C, B, x, y, type(y)) self.assertEqual(B(x), B(y), detail) self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, y.__dict__, detail) # Register a type with copyreg, with extension code extcode. Pickle # an object of that type. Check that the resulting pickle uses opcode # (EXT[124]) under proto 2, and not in proto 1. def produce_global_ext(self, extcode, opcode): e = ExtensionSaver(extcode) try: copyreg.add_extension(__name__, "MyList", extcode) x = MyList([1, 2, 3]) x.foo = 42 x.bar = "hello" # Dump using protocol 1 for comparison. s1 = self.dumps(x, 1) self.assertIn(__name__.encode("utf-8"), s1) self.assertIn(b"MyList", s1) self.assertEqual(opcode_in_pickle(opcode, s1), False) y = self.loads(s1) self.assertEqual(list(x), list(y)) self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, y.__dict__) # Dump using protocol 2 for test. s2 = self.dumps(x, 2) self.assertNotIn(__name__.encode("utf-8"), s2) self.assertNotIn(b"MyList", s2) self.assertEqual(opcode_in_pickle(opcode, s2), True, repr(s2)) y = self.loads(s2) self.assertEqual(list(x), list(y)) self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, y.__dict__) finally: e.restore() def test_global_ext1(self): self.produce_global_ext(0x00000001, pickle.EXT1) # smallest EXT1 code self.produce_global_ext(0x000000ff, pickle.EXT1) # largest EXT1 code def test_global_ext2(self): self.produce_global_ext(0x00000100, pickle.EXT2) # smallest EXT2 code self.produce_global_ext(0x0000ffff, pickle.EXT2) # largest EXT2 code self.produce_global_ext(0x0000abcd, pickle.EXT2) # check endianness def test_global_ext4(self): self.produce_global_ext(0x00010000, pickle.EXT4) # smallest EXT4 code self.produce_global_ext(0x7fffffff, pickle.EXT4) # largest EXT4 code self.produce_global_ext(0x12abcdef, pickle.EXT4) # check endianness def test_list_chunking(self): n = 10 # too small to chunk x = list(range(n)) for proto in protocols: s = self.dumps(x, proto) y = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(x, y) num_appends = count_opcode(pickle.APPENDS, s) self.assertEqual(num_appends, proto > 0) n = 2500 # expect at least two chunks when proto > 0 x = list(range(n)) for proto in protocols: s = self.dumps(x, proto) y = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(x, y) num_appends = count_opcode(pickle.APPENDS, s) if proto == 0: self.assertEqual(num_appends, 0) else: self.assertTrue(num_appends >= 2) def test_dict_chunking(self): n = 10 # too small to chunk x = dict.fromkeys(range(n)) for proto in protocols: s = self.dumps(x, proto) self.assertIsInstance(s, bytes_types) y = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(x, y) num_setitems = count_opcode(pickle.SETITEMS, s) self.assertEqual(num_setitems, proto > 0) n = 2500 # expect at least two chunks when proto > 0 x = dict.fromkeys(range(n)) for proto in protocols: s = self.dumps(x, proto) y = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(x, y) num_setitems = count_opcode(pickle.SETITEMS, s) if proto == 0: self.assertEqual(num_setitems, 0) else: self.assertTrue(num_setitems >= 2) def test_simple_newobj(self): x = object.__new__(SimpleNewObj) # avoid __init__ x.abc = 666 for proto in protocols: s = self.dumps(x, proto) self.assertEqual(opcode_in_pickle(pickle.NEWOBJ, s), proto >= 2) y = self.loads(s) # will raise TypeError if __init__ called self.assertEqual(y.abc, 666) self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, y.__dict__) def test_newobj_list_slots(self): x = SlotList([1, 2, 3]) x.foo = 42 x.bar = "hello" s = self.dumps(x, 2) y = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(list(x), list(y)) self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, y.__dict__) self.assertEqual(x.foo, y.foo) self.assertEqual(x.bar, y.bar) def test_reduce_overrides_default_reduce_ex(self): for proto in protocols: x = REX_one() self.assertEqual(x._reduce_called, 0) s = self.dumps(x, proto) self.assertEqual(x._reduce_called, 1) y = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(y._reduce_called, 0) def test_reduce_ex_called(self): for proto in protocols: x = REX_two() self.assertEqual(x._proto, None) s = self.dumps(x, proto) self.assertEqual(x._proto, proto) y = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(y._proto, None) def test_reduce_ex_overrides_reduce(self): for proto in protocols: x = REX_three() self.assertEqual(x._proto, None) s = self.dumps(x, proto) self.assertEqual(x._proto, proto) y = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(y._proto, None) def test_reduce_ex_calls_base(self): for proto in protocols: x = REX_four() self.assertEqual(x._proto, None) s = self.dumps(x, proto) self.assertEqual(x._proto, proto) y = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(y._proto, proto) def test_reduce_calls_base(self): for proto in protocols: x = REX_five() self.assertEqual(x._reduce_called, 0) s = self.dumps(x, proto) self.assertEqual(x._reduce_called, 1) y = self.loads(s) self.assertEqual(y._reduce_called, 1) @no_tracing def test_bad_getattr(self): x = BadGetattr() for proto in 0, 1: self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, self.dumps, x, proto) # protocol 2 don't raise a RuntimeError. d = self.dumps(x, 2) def test_reduce_bad_iterator(self): # Issue4176: crash when 4th and 5th items of __reduce__() # are not iterators class C(object): def __reduce__(self): # 4th item is not an iterator return list, (), None, [], None class D(object): def __reduce__(self): # 5th item is not an iterator return dict, (), None, None, [] # Protocol 0 is less strict and also accept iterables. for proto in protocols: try: self.dumps(C(), proto) except (pickle.PickleError): pass try: self.dumps(D(), proto) except (pickle.PickleError): pass def test_many_puts_and_gets(self): # Test that internal data structures correctly deal with lots of # puts/gets. keys = ("aaa" + str(i) for i in range(100)) large_dict = dict((k, [4, 5, 6]) for k in keys) obj = [dict(large_dict), dict(large_dict), dict(large_dict)] for proto in protocols: dumped = self.dumps(obj, proto) loaded = self.loads(dumped) self.assertEqual(loaded, obj, "Failed protocol %d: %r != %r" % (proto, obj, loaded)) def test_attribute_name_interning(self): # Test that attribute names of pickled objects are interned when # unpickling. for proto in protocols: x = C() x.foo = 42 x.bar = "hello" s = self.dumps(x, proto) y = self.loads(s) x_keys = sorted(x.__dict__) y_keys = sorted(y.__dict__) for x_key, y_key in zip(x_keys, y_keys): self.assertIs(x_key, y_key) def test_unpickle_from_2x(self): # Unpickle non-trivial data from Python 2.x. loaded = self.loads(DATA3) self.assertEqual(loaded, set([1, 2])) loaded = self.loads(DATA4) self.assertEqual(type(loaded), type(range(0))) self.assertEqual(list(loaded), list(range(5))) loaded = self.loads(DATA5) self.assertEqual(type(loaded), SimpleCookie) self.assertEqual(list(loaded.keys()), ["key"]) self.assertEqual(loaded["key"].value, "Set-Cookie: key=value") def test_pickle_to_2x(self): # Pickle non-trivial data with protocol 2, expecting that it yields # the same result as Python 2.x did. # NOTE: this test is a bit too strong since we can produce different # bytecode that 2.x will still understand. dumped = self.dumps(range(5), 2) self.assertEqual(dumped, DATA4) dumped = self.dumps(set([3]), 2) self.assertEqual(dumped, DATA6) def test_large_pickles(self): # Test the correctness of internal buffering routines when handling # large data. for proto in protocols: data = (1, min, b'xy' * (30 * 1024), len) dumped = self.dumps(data, proto) loaded = self.loads(dumped) self.assertEqual(len(loaded), len(data)) self.assertEqual(loaded, data) def test_empty_bytestring(self): # issue 11286 empty = self.loads(b'\x80\x03U\x00q\x00.', encoding='koi8-r') self.assertEqual(empty, '') def test_int_pickling_efficiency(self): # Test compacity of int representation (see issue #12744) for proto in protocols: sizes = [len(self.dumps(2**n, proto)) for n in range(70)] # the size function is monotonic self.assertEqual(sorted(sizes), sizes) if proto >= 2: self.assertLessEqual(sizes[-1], 14) def check_negative_32b_binXXX(self, dumped): if sys.maxsize > 2**32: self.skipTest("test is only meaningful on 32-bit builds") # XXX Pure Python pickle reads lengths as signed and passes # them directly to read() (hence the EOFError) with self.assertRaises((pickle.UnpicklingError, EOFError, ValueError, OverflowError)): self.loads(dumped) def test_negative_32b_binbytes(self): # On 32-bit builds, a BINBYTES of 2**31 or more is refused self.check_negative_32b_binXXX(b'\x80\x03B\xff\xff\xff\xffxyzq\x00.') def test_negative_32b_binunicode(self): # On 32-bit builds, a BINUNICODE of 2**31 or more is refused self.check_negative_32b_binXXX(b'\x80\x03X\xff\xff\xff\xffxyzq\x00.') def test_negative_put(self): # Issue #12847 dumped = b'Va\np-1\n.' self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.loads, dumped) def test_negative_32b_binput(self): # Issue #12847 if sys.maxsize > 2**32: self.skipTest("test is only meaningful on 32-bit builds") dumped = b'\x80\x03X\x01\x00\x00\x00ar\xff\xff\xff\xff.' self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.loads, dumped) class BigmemPickleTests(unittest.TestCase): # Binary protocols can serialize longs of up to 2GB-1 @bigmemtest(size=_2G, memuse=1 + 1, dry_run=False) def test_huge_long_32b(self, size): data = 1 << (8 * size) try: for proto in protocols: if proto < 2: continue with self.assertRaises((ValueError, OverflowError)): self.dumps(data, protocol=proto) finally: data = None # Protocol 3 can serialize up to 4GB-1 as a bytes object # (older protocols don't have a dedicated opcode for bytes and are # too inefficient) @bigmemtest(size=_2G, memuse=1 + 1, dry_run=False) def test_huge_bytes_32b(self, size): data = b"abcd" * (size // 4) try: for proto in protocols: if proto < 3: continue try: pickled = self.dumps(data, protocol=proto) self.assertTrue(b"abcd" in pickled[:15]) self.assertTrue(b"abcd" in pickled[-15:]) finally: pickled = None finally: data = None @bigmemtest(size=_4G, memuse=1 + 1, dry_run=False) def test_huge_bytes_64b(self, size): data = b"a" * size try: for proto in protocols: if proto < 3: continue with self.assertRaises((ValueError, OverflowError)): self.dumps(data, protocol=proto) finally: data = None # All protocols use 1-byte per printable ASCII character; we add another # byte because the encoded form has to be copied into the internal buffer. @bigmemtest(size=_2G, memuse=2 + ascii_char_size, dry_run=False) def test_huge_str_32b(self, size): data = "abcd" * (size // 4) try: for proto in protocols: try: pickled = self.dumps(data, protocol=proto) self.assertTrue(b"abcd" in pickled[:15]) self.assertTrue(b"abcd" in pickled[-15:]) finally: pickled = None finally: data = None # BINUNICODE (protocols 1, 2 and 3) cannot carry more than # 2**32 - 1 bytes of utf-8 encoded unicode. @bigmemtest(size=_4G, memuse=1 + ascii_char_size, dry_run=False) def test_huge_str_64b(self, size): data = "a" * size try: for proto in protocols: if proto == 0: continue with self.assertRaises((ValueError, OverflowError)): self.dumps(data, protocol=proto) finally: data = None # Test classes for reduce_ex class REX_one(object): _reduce_called = 0 def __reduce__(self): self._reduce_called = 1 return REX_one, () # No __reduce_ex__ here, but inheriting it from object class REX_two(object): _proto = None def __reduce_ex__(self, proto): self._proto = proto return REX_two, () # No __reduce__ here, but inheriting it from object class REX_three(object): _proto = None def __reduce_ex__(self, proto): self._proto = proto return REX_two, () def __reduce__(self): raise TestFailed("This __reduce__ shouldn't be called") class REX_four(object): _proto = None def __reduce_ex__(self, proto): self._proto = proto return object.__reduce_ex__(self, proto) # Calling base class method should succeed class REX_five(object): _reduce_called = 0 def __reduce__(self): self._reduce_called = 1 return object.__reduce__(self) # This one used to fail with infinite recursion # Test classes for newobj class MyInt(int): sample = 1 class MyFloat(float): sample = 1.0 class MyComplex(complex): sample = 1.0 + 0.0j class MyStr(str): sample = "hello" class MyUnicode(str): sample = "hello \u1234" class MyTuple(tuple): sample = (1, 2, 3) class MyList(list): sample = [1, 2, 3] class MyDict(dict): sample = {"a": 1, "b": 2} myclasses = [MyInt, MyFloat, MyComplex, MyStr, MyUnicode, MyTuple, MyList, MyDict] class SlotList(MyList): __slots__ = ["foo"] class SimpleNewObj(object): def __init__(self, a, b, c): # raise an error, to make sure this isn't called raise TypeError("SimpleNewObj.__init__() didn't expect to get called") class BadGetattr: def __getattr__(self, key): self.foo class AbstractPickleModuleTests(unittest.TestCase): def test_dump_closed_file(self): import os f = open(TESTFN, "wb") try: f.close() self.assertRaises(ValueError, pickle.dump, 123, f) finally: os.remove(TESTFN) def test_load_closed_file(self): import os f = open(TESTFN, "wb") try: f.close() self.assertRaises(ValueError, pickle.dump, 123, f) finally: os.remove(TESTFN) def test_load_from_and_dump_to_file(self): stream = io.BytesIO() data = [123, {}, 124] pickle.dump(data, stream) stream.seek(0) unpickled = pickle.load(stream) self.assertEqual(unpickled, data) def test_highest_protocol(self): # Of course this needs to be changed when HIGHEST_PROTOCOL changes. self.assertEqual(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL, 3) def test_callapi(self): f = io.BytesIO() # With and without keyword arguments pickle.dump(123, f, -1) pickle.dump(123, file=f, protocol=-1) pickle.dumps(123, -1) pickle.dumps(123, protocol=-1) pickle.Pickler(f, -1) pickle.Pickler(f, protocol=-1) def test_bad_init(self): # Test issue3664 (pickle can segfault from a badly initialized Pickler). # Override initialization without calling __init__() of the superclass. class BadPickler(pickle.Pickler): def __init__(self): pass class BadUnpickler(pickle.Unpickler): def __init__(self): pass self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError, BadPickler().dump, 0) self.assertRaises(pickle.UnpicklingError, BadUnpickler().load) def test_bad_input(self): # Test issue4298 s = bytes([0x58, 0, 0, 0, 0x54]) self.assertRaises(EOFError, pickle.loads, s) # Test issue7455 s = b'0' self.assertRaises(pickle.UnpicklingError, pickle.loads, s) class AbstractPersistentPicklerTests(unittest.TestCase): # This class defines persistent_id() and persistent_load() # functions that should be used by the pickler. All even integers # are pickled using persistent ids. def persistent_id(self, object): if isinstance(object, int) and object % 2 == 0: self.id_count += 1 return str(object) else: return None def persistent_load(self, oid): self.load_count += 1 object = int(oid) assert object % 2 == 0 return object def test_persistence(self): self.id_count = 0 self.load_count = 0 L = list(range(10)) self.assertEqual(self.loads(self.dumps(L)), L) self.assertEqual(self.id_count, 5) self.assertEqual(self.load_count, 5) def test_bin_persistence(self): self.id_count = 0 self.load_count = 0 L = list(range(10)) self.assertEqual(self.loads(self.dumps(L, 1)), L) self.assertEqual(self.id_count, 5) self.assertEqual(self.load_count, 5) class AbstractPicklerUnpicklerObjectTests(unittest.TestCase): pickler_class = None unpickler_class = None def setUp(self): assert self.pickler_class assert self.unpickler_class def test_clear_pickler_memo(self): # To test whether clear_memo() has any effect, we pickle an object, # then pickle it again without clearing the memo; the two serialized # forms should be different. If we clear_memo() and then pickle the # object again, the third serialized form should be identical to the # first one we obtained. data = ["abcdefg", "abcdefg", 44] f = io.BytesIO() pickler = self.pickler_class(f) pickler.dump(data) first_pickled = f.getvalue() # Reset StringIO object. f.seek(0) f.truncate() pickler.dump(data) second_pickled = f.getvalue() # Reset the Pickler and StringIO objects. pickler.clear_memo() f.seek(0) f.truncate() pickler.dump(data) third_pickled = f.getvalue() self.assertNotEqual(first_pickled, second_pickled) self.assertEqual(first_pickled, third_pickled) def test_priming_pickler_memo(self): # Verify that we can set the Pickler's memo attribute. data = ["abcdefg", "abcdefg", 44] f = io.BytesIO() pickler = self.pickler_class(f) pickler.dump(data) first_pickled = f.getvalue() f = io.BytesIO() primed = self.pickler_class(f) primed.memo = pickler.memo primed.dump(data) primed_pickled = f.getvalue() self.assertNotEqual(first_pickled, primed_pickled) def test_priming_unpickler_memo(self): # Verify that we can set the Unpickler's memo attribute. data = ["abcdefg", "abcdefg", 44] f = io.BytesIO() pickler = self.pickler_class(f) pickler.dump(data) first_pickled = f.getvalue() f = io.BytesIO() primed = self.pickler_class(f) primed.memo = pickler.memo primed.dump(data) primed_pickled = f.getvalue() unpickler = self.unpickler_class(io.BytesIO(first_pickled)) unpickled_data1 = unpickler.load() self.assertEqual(unpickled_data1, data) primed = self.unpickler_class(io.BytesIO(primed_pickled)) primed.memo = unpickler.memo unpickled_data2 = primed.load() primed.memo.clear() self.assertEqual(unpickled_data2, data) self.assertTrue(unpickled_data2 is unpickled_data1) def test_reusing_unpickler_objects(self): data1 = ["abcdefg", "abcdefg", 44] f = io.BytesIO() pickler = self.pickler_class(f) pickler.dump(data1) pickled1 = f.getvalue() data2 = ["abcdefg", 44, 44] f = io.BytesIO() pickler = self.pickler_class(f) pickler.dump(data2) pickled2 = f.getvalue() f = io.BytesIO() f.write(pickled1) f.seek(0) unpickler = self.unpickler_class(f) self.assertEqual(unpickler.load(), data1) f.seek(0) f.truncate() f.write(pickled2) f.seek(0) self.assertEqual(unpickler.load(), data2) def _check_multiple_unpicklings(self, ioclass): for proto in protocols: data1 = [(x, str(x)) for x in range(2000)] + [b"abcde", len] f = ioclass() pickler = self.pickler_class(f, protocol=proto) pickler.dump(data1) pickled = f.getvalue() N = 5 f = ioclass(pickled * N) unpickler = self.unpickler_class(f) for i in range(N): if f.seekable(): pos = f.tell() self.assertEqual(unpickler.load(), data1) if f.seekable(): self.assertEqual(f.tell(), pos + len(pickled)) self.assertRaises(EOFError, unpickler.load) def test_multiple_unpicklings_seekable(self): self._check_multiple_unpicklings(io.BytesIO) def test_multiple_unpicklings_unseekable(self): self._check_multiple_unpicklings(UnseekableIO) def test_unpickling_buffering_readline(self): # Issue #12687: the unpickler's buffering logic could fail with # text mode opcodes. data = list(range(10)) for proto in protocols: for buf_size in range(1, 11): f = io.BufferedRandom(io.BytesIO(), buffer_size=buf_size) pickler = self.pickler_class(f, protocol=proto) pickler.dump(data) f.seek(0) unpickler = self.unpickler_class(f) self.assertEqual(unpickler.load(), data) # Tests for dispatch_table attribute REDUCE_A = 'reduce_A' class AAA(object): def __reduce__(self): return str, (REDUCE_A,) class BBB(object): pass class AbstractDispatchTableTests(unittest.TestCase): def test_default_dispatch_table(self): # No dispatch_table attribute by default f = io.BytesIO() p = self.pickler_class(f, 0) with self.assertRaises(AttributeError): p.dispatch_table self.assertFalse(hasattr(p, 'dispatch_table')) def test_class_dispatch_table(self): # A dispatch_table attribute can be specified class-wide dt = self.get_dispatch_table() class MyPickler(self.pickler_class): dispatch_table = dt def dumps(obj, protocol=None): f = io.BytesIO() p = MyPickler(f, protocol) self.assertEqual(p.dispatch_table, dt) p.dump(obj) return f.getvalue() self._test_dispatch_table(dumps, dt) def test_instance_dispatch_table(self): # A dispatch_table attribute can also be specified instance-wide dt = self.get_dispatch_table() def dumps(obj, protocol=None): f = io.BytesIO() p = self.pickler_class(f, protocol) p.dispatch_table = dt self.assertEqual(p.dispatch_table, dt) p.dump(obj) return f.getvalue() self._test_dispatch_table(dumps, dt) def _test_dispatch_table(self, dumps, dispatch_table): def custom_load_dump(obj): return pickle.loads(dumps(obj, 0)) def default_load_dump(obj): return pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(obj, 0)) # pickling complex numbers using protocol 0 relies on copyreg # so check pickling a complex number still works z = 1 + 2j self.assertEqual(custom_load_dump(z), z) self.assertEqual(default_load_dump(z), z) # modify pickling of complex REDUCE_1 = 'reduce_1' def reduce_1(obj): return str, (REDUCE_1,) dispatch_table[complex] = reduce_1 self.assertEqual(custom_load_dump(z), REDUCE_1) self.assertEqual(default_load_dump(z), z) # check picklability of AAA and BBB a = AAA() b = BBB() self.assertEqual(custom_load_dump(a), REDUCE_A) self.assertIsInstance(custom_load_dump(b), BBB) self.assertEqual(default_load_dump(a), REDUCE_A) self.assertIsInstance(default_load_dump(b), BBB) # modify pickling of BBB dispatch_table[BBB] = reduce_1 self.assertEqual(custom_load_dump(a), REDUCE_A) self.assertEqual(custom_load_dump(b), REDUCE_1) self.assertEqual(default_load_dump(a), REDUCE_A) self.assertIsInstance(default_load_dump(b), BBB) # revert pickling of BBB and modify pickling of AAA REDUCE_2 = 'reduce_2' def reduce_2(obj): return str, (REDUCE_2,) dispatch_table[AAA] = reduce_2 del dispatch_table[BBB] self.assertEqual(custom_load_dump(a), REDUCE_2) self.assertIsInstance(custom_load_dump(b), BBB) self.assertEqual(default_load_dump(a), REDUCE_A) self.assertIsInstance(default_load_dump(b), BBB) if __name__ == "__main__": # Print some stuff that can be used to rewrite DATA{0,1,2} from pickletools import dis x = create_data() for i in range(3): p = pickle.dumps(x, i) print("DATA{0} = (".format(i)) for j in range(0, len(p), 20): b = bytes(p[j:j+20]) print(" {0!r}".format(b)) print(")") print() print("# Disassembly of DATA{0}".format(i)) print("DATA{0}_DIS = \"\"\"\\".format(i)) dis(p) print("\"\"\"") print()