__all__ = ['deque', 'defaultdict', 'NamedTuple'] from _collections import deque, defaultdict from operator import itemgetter as _itemgetter import sys as _sys def NamedTuple(typename, s): """Returns a new subclass of tuple with named fields. >>> Point = NamedTuple('Point', 'x y') >>> Point.__doc__ # docstring for the new class 'Point(x, y)' >>> p = Point(11, y=22) # instantiate with positional args or keywords >>> p[0] + p[1] # works just like the tuple (11, 22) 33 >>> x, y = p # unpacks just like a tuple >>> x, y (11, 22) >>> p.x + p.y # fields also accessable by name 33 >>> p # readable __repr__ with name=value style Point(x=11, y=22) """ field_names = s.split() nargs = len(field_names) def __new__(cls, *args, **kwds): if kwds: try: args += tuple(kwds[name] for name in field_names[len(args):]) except KeyError as name: raise TypeError('%s missing required argument: %s' % (typename, name)) if len(args) != nargs: raise TypeError('%s takes exactly %d arguments (%d given)' % (typename, nargs, len(args))) return tuple.__new__(cls, args) repr_template = '%s(%s)' % (typename, ', '.join('%s=%%r' % name for name in field_names)) m = dict(vars(tuple)) # pre-lookup superclass methods (for faster lookup) m.update(__doc__= '%s(%s)' % (typename, ', '.join(field_names)), __slots__ = (), # no per-instance dict (so instances are same size as tuples) __new__ = __new__, __repr__ = lambda self, _format=repr_template.__mod__: _format(self), __module__ = _sys._getframe(1).f_globals['__name__'], ) m.update((name, property(_itemgetter(index))) for index, name in enumerate(field_names)) return type(typename, (tuple,), m) if __name__ == '__main__': # verify that instances are pickable from cPickle import loads, dumps Point = NamedTuple('Point', 'x y') p = Point(x=10, y=20) assert p == loads(dumps(p)) import doctest TestResults = NamedTuple('TestResults', 'failed attempted') print(TestResults(*doctest.testmod()))