.. highlight:: c

.. _marshalling-utils:

Data marshalling support
========================

These routines allow C code to work with serialized objects using the same
data format as the :mod:`marshal` module.  There are functions to write data
into the serialization format, and additional functions that can be used to
read the data back.  Files used to store marshalled data must be opened in
binary mode.

Numeric values are stored with the least significant byte first.

The module supports two versions of the data format: version 0 is the
historical version, version 1 shares interned strings in the file, and upon
unmarshalling.  Version 2 uses a binary format for floating-point numbers.
``Py_MARSHAL_VERSION`` indicates the current file format (currently 2).


.. c:function:: void PyMarshal_WriteLongToFile(long value, FILE *file, int version)

   Marshal a :c:expr:`long` integer, *value*, to *file*.  This will only write
   the least-significant 32 bits of *value*; regardless of the size of the
   native :c:expr:`long` type.  *version* indicates the file format.

   This function can fail, in which case it sets the error indicator.
   Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to check for that.

.. c:function:: void PyMarshal_WriteObjectToFile(PyObject *value, FILE *file, int version)

   Marshal a Python object, *value*, to *file*.
   *version* indicates the file format.

   This function can fail, in which case it sets the error indicator.
   Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to check for that.

.. c:function:: PyObject* PyMarshal_WriteObjectToString(PyObject *value, int version)

   Return a bytes object containing the marshalled representation of *value*.
   *version* indicates the file format.


The following functions allow marshalled values to be read back in.


.. c:function:: long PyMarshal_ReadLongFromFile(FILE *file)

   Return a C :c:expr:`long` from the data stream in a :c:expr:`FILE*` opened
   for reading.  Only a 32-bit value can be read in using this function,
   regardless of the native size of :c:expr:`long`.

   On error, sets the appropriate exception (:exc:`EOFError`) and returns
   ``-1``.


.. c:function:: int PyMarshal_ReadShortFromFile(FILE *file)

   Return a C :c:expr:`short` from the data stream in a :c:expr:`FILE*` opened
   for reading.  Only a 16-bit value can be read in using this function,
   regardless of the native size of :c:expr:`short`.

   On error, sets the appropriate exception (:exc:`EOFError`) and returns
   ``-1``.


.. c:function:: PyObject* PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromFile(FILE *file)

   Return a Python object from the data stream in a :c:expr:`FILE*` opened for
   reading.

   On error, sets the appropriate exception (:exc:`EOFError`, :exc:`ValueError`
   or :exc:`TypeError`) and returns ``NULL``.


.. c:function:: PyObject* PyMarshal_ReadLastObjectFromFile(FILE *file)

   Return a Python object from the data stream in a :c:expr:`FILE*` opened for
   reading.  Unlike :c:func:`PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromFile`, this function
   assumes that no further objects will be read from the file, allowing it to
   aggressively load file data into memory so that the de-serialization can
   operate from data in memory rather than reading a byte at a time from the
   file.  Only use these variant if you are certain that you won't be reading
   anything else from the file.

   On error, sets the appropriate exception (:exc:`EOFError`, :exc:`ValueError`
   or :exc:`TypeError`) and returns ``NULL``.


.. c:function:: PyObject* PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromString(const char *data, Py_ssize_t len)

   Return a Python object from the data stream in a byte buffer
   containing *len* bytes pointed to by *data*.

   On error, sets the appropriate exception (:exc:`EOFError`, :exc:`ValueError`
   or :exc:`TypeError`) and returns ``NULL``.