# Tests the attempted automatic coercion of the C locale to a UTF-8 locale import locale import os import subprocess import sys import sysconfig import unittest from collections import namedtuple from test import support from test.support.script_helper import run_python_until_end # Set the list of ways we expect to be able to ask for the "C" locale EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_EQUIVALENTS = ["C", "invalid.ascii"] # Set our expectation for the default encoding used in the C locale # for the filesystem encoding and the standard streams EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_STREAM_ENCODING = "ascii" EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_FS_ENCODING = "ascii" # Set our expectation for the default locale used when none is specified EXPECT_COERCION_IN_DEFAULT_LOCALE = True TARGET_LOCALES = ["C.UTF-8", "C.utf8", "UTF-8"] # Apply some platform dependent overrides if sys.platform.startswith("linux"): if support.is_android: # Android defaults to using UTF-8 for all system interfaces EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_STREAM_ENCODING = "utf-8" EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_FS_ENCODING = "utf-8" else: # Linux distros typically alias the POSIX locale directly to the C # locale. # TODO: Once https://bugs.python.org/issue30672 is addressed, we'll be # able to check this case unconditionally EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_EQUIVALENTS.append("POSIX") elif sys.platform.startswith("aix"): # AIX uses iso8859-1 in the C locale, other *nix platforms use ASCII EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_STREAM_ENCODING = "iso8859-1" EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_FS_ENCODING = "iso8859-1" elif sys.platform == "darwin": # FS encoding is UTF-8 on macOS EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_FS_ENCODING = "utf-8" elif sys.platform == "cygwin": # Cygwin defaults to using C.UTF-8 # TODO: Work out a robust dynamic test for this that doesn't rely on # CPython's own locale handling machinery EXPECT_COERCION_IN_DEFAULT_LOCALE = False elif sys.platform == "vxworks": # VxWorks defaults to using UTF-8 for all system interfaces EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_STREAM_ENCODING = "utf-8" EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_FS_ENCODING = "utf-8" # Note that the above expectations are still wrong in some cases, such as: # * Windows when PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING is set # * Any platform other than AIX that uses latin-1 in the C locale # * Any Linux distro where POSIX isn't a simple alias for the C locale # * Any Linux distro where the default locale is something other than "C" # # Options for dealing with this: # * Don't set the PY_COERCE_C_LOCALE preprocessor definition on # such platforms (e.g. it isn't set on Windows) # * Fix the test expectations to match the actual platform behaviour # In order to get the warning messages to match up as expected, the candidate # order here must much the target locale order in Python/pylifecycle.c _C_UTF8_LOCALES = ("C.UTF-8", "C.utf8", "UTF-8") # There's no reliable cross-platform way of checking locale alias # lists, so the only way of knowing which of these locales will work # is to try them with locale.setlocale(). We do that in a subprocess # in setUpModule() below to avoid altering the locale of the test runner. # # If the relevant locale module attributes exist, and we're not on a platform # where we expect it to always succeed, we also check that # `locale.nl_langinfo(locale.CODESET)` works, as if it fails, the interpreter # will skip locale coercion for that particular target locale _check_nl_langinfo_CODESET = bool( sys.platform not in ("darwin", "linux") and hasattr(locale, "nl_langinfo") and hasattr(locale, "CODESET") ) def _set_locale_in_subprocess(locale_name): cmd_fmt = "import locale; print(locale.setlocale(locale.LC_CTYPE, '{}'))" if _check_nl_langinfo_CODESET: # If there's no valid CODESET, we expect coercion to be skipped cmd_fmt += "; import sys; sys.exit(not locale.nl_langinfo(locale.CODESET))" cmd = cmd_fmt.format(locale_name) result, py_cmd = run_python_until_end("-c", cmd, PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE='') return result.rc == 0 _fields = "fsencoding stdin_info stdout_info stderr_info lang lc_ctype lc_all" _EncodingDetails = namedtuple("EncodingDetails", _fields) class EncodingDetails(_EncodingDetails): # XXX (ncoghlan): Using JSON for child state reporting may be less fragile CHILD_PROCESS_SCRIPT = ";".join([ "import sys, os", "print(sys.getfilesystemencoding())", "print(sys.stdin.encoding + ':' + sys.stdin.errors)", "print(sys.stdout.encoding + ':' + sys.stdout.errors)", "print(sys.stderr.encoding + ':' + sys.stderr.errors)", "print(os.environ.get('LANG', 'not set'))", "print(os.environ.get('LC_CTYPE', 'not set'))", "print(os.environ.get('LC_ALL', 'not set'))", ]) @classmethod def get_expected_details(cls, coercion_expected, fs_encoding, stream_encoding, stream_errors, env_vars): """Returns expected child process details for a given encoding""" _stream = stream_encoding + ":{}" if stream_errors is None: # stdin and stdout should use surrogateescape either because the # coercion triggered, or because the C locale was detected stream_errors = "surrogateescape" stream_info = [_stream.format(stream_errors)] * 2 # stderr should always use backslashreplace stream_info.append(_stream.format("backslashreplace")) expected_lang = env_vars.get("LANG", "not set") if coercion_expected: expected_lc_ctype = CLI_COERCION_TARGET else: expected_lc_ctype = env_vars.get("LC_CTYPE", "not set") expected_lc_all = env_vars.get("LC_ALL", "not set") env_info = expected_lang, expected_lc_ctype, expected_lc_all return dict(cls(fs_encoding, *stream_info, *env_info)._asdict()) @classmethod def get_child_details(cls, env_vars): """Retrieves fsencoding and standard stream details from a child process Returns (encoding_details, stderr_lines): - encoding_details: EncodingDetails for eager decoding - stderr_lines: result of calling splitlines() on the stderr output The child is run in isolated mode if the current interpreter supports that. """ result, py_cmd = run_python_until_end( "-X", "utf8=0", "-c", cls.CHILD_PROCESS_SCRIPT, **env_vars ) if not result.rc == 0: result.fail(py_cmd) # All subprocess outputs in this test case should be pure ASCII stdout_lines = result.out.decode("ascii").splitlines() child_encoding_details = dict(cls(*stdout_lines)._asdict()) stderr_lines = result.err.decode("ascii").rstrip().splitlines() return child_encoding_details, stderr_lines # Details of the shared library warning emitted at runtime LEGACY_LOCALE_WARNING = ( "Python runtime initialized with LC_CTYPE=C (a locale with default ASCII " "encoding), which may cause Unicode compatibility problems. Using C.UTF-8, " "C.utf8, or UTF-8 (if available) as alternative Unicode-compatible " "locales is recommended." ) # Details of the CLI locale coercion warning emitted at runtime CLI_COERCION_WARNING_FMT = ( "Python detected LC_CTYPE=C: LC_CTYPE coerced to {} (set another locale " "or PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 to disable this locale coercion behavior)." ) AVAILABLE_TARGETS = None CLI_COERCION_TARGET = None CLI_COERCION_WARNING = None def setUpModule(): global AVAILABLE_TARGETS global CLI_COERCION_TARGET global CLI_COERCION_WARNING if AVAILABLE_TARGETS is not None: # initialization already done return AVAILABLE_TARGETS = [] # Find the target locales available in the current system for target_locale in _C_UTF8_LOCALES: if _set_locale_in_subprocess(target_locale): AVAILABLE_TARGETS.append(target_locale) if AVAILABLE_TARGETS: # Coercion is expected to use the first available target locale CLI_COERCION_TARGET = AVAILABLE_TARGETS[0] CLI_COERCION_WARNING = CLI_COERCION_WARNING_FMT.format(CLI_COERCION_TARGET) if support.verbose: print(f"AVAILABLE_TARGETS = {AVAILABLE_TARGETS!r}") print(f"EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_EQUIVALENTS = {EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_EQUIVALENTS!r}") print(f"EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_STREAM_ENCODING = {EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_STREAM_ENCODING!r}") print(f"EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_FS_ENCODING = {EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_FS_ENCODING!r}") print(f"EXPECT_COERCION_IN_DEFAULT_LOCALE = {EXPECT_COERCION_IN_DEFAULT_LOCALE!r}") print(f"_C_UTF8_LOCALES = {_C_UTF8_LOCALES!r}") print(f"_check_nl_langinfo_CODESET = {_check_nl_langinfo_CODESET!r}") class _LocaleHandlingTestCase(unittest.TestCase): # Base class to check expected locale handling behaviour def _check_child_encoding_details(self, env_vars, expected_fs_encoding, expected_stream_encoding, expected_stream_errors, expected_warnings, coercion_expected): """Check the C locale handling for the given process environment Parameters: expected_fs_encoding: expected sys.getfilesystemencoding() result expected_stream_encoding: expected encoding for standard streams expected_warning: stderr output to expect (if any) """ result = EncodingDetails.get_child_details(env_vars) encoding_details, stderr_lines = result expected_details = EncodingDetails.get_expected_details( coercion_expected, expected_fs_encoding, expected_stream_encoding, expected_stream_errors, env_vars ) self.assertEqual(encoding_details, expected_details) if expected_warnings is None: expected_warnings = [] self.assertEqual(stderr_lines, expected_warnings) class LocaleConfigurationTests(_LocaleHandlingTestCase): # Test explicit external configuration via the process environment @classmethod def setUpClass(cls): # This relies on setUpModule() having been run, so it can't be # handled via the @unittest.skipUnless decorator if not AVAILABLE_TARGETS: raise unittest.SkipTest("No C-with-UTF-8 locale available") def test_external_target_locale_configuration(self): # Explicitly setting a target locale should give the same behaviour as # is seen when implicitly coercing to that target locale self.maxDiff = None expected_fs_encoding = "utf-8" expected_stream_encoding = "utf-8" base_var_dict = { "LANG": "", "LC_CTYPE": "", "LC_ALL": "", "PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE": "", "PYTHONIOENCODING": "", } for env_var in ("LANG", "LC_CTYPE"): for locale_to_set in AVAILABLE_TARGETS: # XXX (ncoghlan): LANG=UTF-8 doesn't appear to work as # expected, so skip that combination for now # See https://bugs.python.org/issue30672 for discussion if env_var == "LANG" and locale_to_set == "UTF-8": continue with self.subTest(env_var=env_var, configured_locale=locale_to_set): var_dict = base_var_dict.copy() var_dict[env_var] = locale_to_set self._check_child_encoding_details(var_dict, expected_fs_encoding, expected_stream_encoding, expected_stream_errors=None, expected_warnings=None, coercion_expected=False) def test_with_ioencoding(self): # Explicitly setting a target locale should give the same behaviour as # is seen when implicitly coercing to that target locale self.maxDiff = None expected_fs_encoding = "utf-8" expected_stream_encoding = "utf-8" base_var_dict = { "LANG": "", "LC_CTYPE": "", "LC_ALL": "", "PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE": "", "PYTHONIOENCODING": "UTF-8", } for env_var in ("LANG", "LC_CTYPE"): for locale_to_set in AVAILABLE_TARGETS: # XXX (ncoghlan): LANG=UTF-8 doesn't appear to work as # expected, so skip that combination for now # See https://bugs.python.org/issue30672 for discussion if env_var == "LANG" and locale_to_set == "UTF-8": continue with self.subTest(env_var=env_var, configured_locale=locale_to_set): var_dict = base_var_dict.copy() var_dict[env_var] = locale_to_set self._check_child_encoding_details(var_dict, expected_fs_encoding, expected_stream_encoding, expected_stream_errors="strict", expected_warnings=None, coercion_expected=False) @support.cpython_only @unittest.skipUnless(sysconfig.get_config_var("PY_COERCE_C_LOCALE"), "C locale coercion disabled at build time") class LocaleCoercionTests(_LocaleHandlingTestCase): # Test implicit reconfiguration of the environment during CLI startup def _check_c_locale_coercion(self, fs_encoding, stream_encoding, coerce_c_locale, expected_warnings=None, coercion_expected=True, **extra_vars): """Check the C locale handling for various configurations Parameters: fs_encoding: expected sys.getfilesystemencoding() result stream_encoding: expected encoding for standard streams coerce_c_locale: setting to use for PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE None: don't set the variable at all str: the value set in the child's environment expected_warnings: expected warning lines on stderr extra_vars: additional environment variables to set in subprocess """ self.maxDiff = None if not AVAILABLE_TARGETS: # Locale coercion is disabled when there aren't any target locales fs_encoding = EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_FS_ENCODING stream_encoding = EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_STREAM_ENCODING coercion_expected = False if expected_warnings: expected_warnings = [LEGACY_LOCALE_WARNING] base_var_dict = { "LANG": "", "LC_CTYPE": "", "LC_ALL": "", "PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE": "", "PYTHONIOENCODING": "", } base_var_dict.update(extra_vars) if coerce_c_locale is not None: base_var_dict["PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE"] = coerce_c_locale # Check behaviour for the default locale with self.subTest(default_locale=True, PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=coerce_c_locale): if EXPECT_COERCION_IN_DEFAULT_LOCALE: _expected_warnings = expected_warnings _coercion_expected = coercion_expected else: _expected_warnings = None _coercion_expected = False # On Android CLI_COERCION_WARNING is not printed when all the # locale environment variables are undefined or empty. When # this code path is run with environ['LC_ALL'] == 'C', then # LEGACY_LOCALE_WARNING is printed. if (support.is_android and _expected_warnings == [CLI_COERCION_WARNING]): _expected_warnings = None self._check_child_encoding_details(base_var_dict, fs_encoding, stream_encoding, None, _expected_warnings, _coercion_expected) # Check behaviour for explicitly configured locales for locale_to_set in EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_EQUIVALENTS: for env_var in ("LANG", "LC_CTYPE"): with self.subTest(env_var=env_var, nominal_locale=locale_to_set, PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=coerce_c_locale, PYTHONIOENCODING=""): var_dict = base_var_dict.copy() var_dict[env_var] = locale_to_set # Check behaviour on successful coercion self._check_child_encoding_details(var_dict, fs_encoding, stream_encoding, None, expected_warnings, coercion_expected) def test_PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE_not_set(self): # This should coerce to the first available target locale by default self._check_c_locale_coercion("utf-8", "utf-8", coerce_c_locale=None) def test_PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE_not_zero(self): # *Any* string other than "0" is considered "set" for our purposes # and hence should result in the locale coercion being enabled for setting in ("", "1", "true", "false"): self._check_c_locale_coercion("utf-8", "utf-8", coerce_c_locale=setting) def test_PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE_set_to_warn(self): # PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=warn enables runtime warnings for legacy locales self._check_c_locale_coercion("utf-8", "utf-8", coerce_c_locale="warn", expected_warnings=[CLI_COERCION_WARNING]) def test_PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE_set_to_zero(self): # The setting "0" should result in the locale coercion being disabled self._check_c_locale_coercion(EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_FS_ENCODING, EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_STREAM_ENCODING, coerce_c_locale="0", coercion_expected=False) # Setting LC_ALL=C shouldn't make any difference to the behaviour self._check_c_locale_coercion(EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_FS_ENCODING, EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_STREAM_ENCODING, coerce_c_locale="0", LC_ALL="C", coercion_expected=False) def test_LC_ALL_set_to_C(self): # Setting LC_ALL should render the locale coercion ineffective self._check_c_locale_coercion(EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_FS_ENCODING, EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_STREAM_ENCODING, coerce_c_locale=None, LC_ALL="C", coercion_expected=False) # And result in a warning about a lack of locale compatibility self._check_c_locale_coercion(EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_FS_ENCODING, EXPECTED_C_LOCALE_STREAM_ENCODING, coerce_c_locale="warn", LC_ALL="C", expected_warnings=[LEGACY_LOCALE_WARNING], coercion_expected=False) def test_PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE_set_to_one(self): # skip the test if the LC_CTYPE locale is C or coerced old_loc = locale.setlocale(locale.LC_CTYPE, None) self.addCleanup(locale.setlocale, locale.LC_CTYPE, old_loc) try: loc = locale.setlocale(locale.LC_CTYPE, "") except locale.Error as e: self.skipTest(str(e)) if loc == "C": self.skipTest("test requires LC_CTYPE locale different than C") if loc in TARGET_LOCALES : self.skipTest("coerced LC_CTYPE locale: %s" % loc) # bpo-35336: PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=1 must not coerce the LC_CTYPE locale # if it's not equal to "C" code = 'import locale; print(locale.setlocale(locale.LC_CTYPE, None))' env = dict(os.environ, PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE='1') cmd = subprocess.run([sys.executable, '-c', code], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, env=env, text=True) self.assertEqual(cmd.stdout.rstrip(), loc) def tearDownModule(): support.reap_children() if __name__ == "__main__": unittest.main()