:mod:`importlib.resources` -- Resources --------------------------------------- .. module:: importlib.resources :synopsis: Package resource reading, opening, and access **Source code:** :source:`Lib/importlib/resources/__init__.py` -------------- .. versionadded:: 3.7 This module leverages Python's import system to provide access to *resources* within *packages*. If you can import a package, you can access resources within that package. Resources can be opened or read, in either binary or text mode. Resources are roughly akin to files inside directories, though it's important to keep in mind that this is just a metaphor. Resources and packages **do not** have to exist as physical files and directories on the file system. .. note:: This module provides functionality similar to `pkg_resources `_ `Basic Resource Access `_ without the performance overhead of that package. This makes reading resources included in packages easier, with more stable and consistent semantics. The standalone backport of this module provides more information on `using importlib.resources `_ and `migrating from pkg_resources to importlib.resources `_ and `migrating legacy usage `_. Loaders that wish to support resource reading should implement a ``get_resource_reader(fullname)`` method as specified by :class:`importlib.abc.ResourceReader`. The following types are defined. .. data:: Package The ``Package`` type is defined as ``Union[str, ModuleType]``. This means that where the function describes accepting a ``Package``, you can pass in either a string or a module. Module objects must have a resolvable ``__spec__.submodule_search_locations`` that is not ``None``. .. data:: Resource This type describes the resource names passed into the various functions in this package. This is defined as ``Union[str, os.PathLike]``. The following functions are available. .. function:: files(package) Returns an :class:`importlib.resources.abc.Traversable` object representing the resource container for the package (think directory) and its resources (think files). A Traversable may contain other containers (think subdirectories). *package* is either a name or a module object which conforms to the ``Package`` requirements. .. versionadded:: 3.9 .. function:: as_file(traversable) Given a :class:`importlib.resources.abc.Traversable` object representing a file, typically from :func:`importlib.resources.files`, return a context manager for use in a :keyword:`with` statement. The context manager provides a :class:`pathlib.Path` object. Exiting the context manager cleans up any temporary file created when the resource was extracted from e.g. a zip file. Use ``as_file`` when the Traversable methods (``read_text``, etc) are insufficient and an actual file on the file system is required. .. versionadded:: 3.9 .. function:: open_binary(package, resource) Open for binary reading the *resource* within *package*. *package* is either a name or a module object which conforms to the ``Package`` requirements. *resource* is the name of the resource to open within *package*; it may not contain path separators and it may not have sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory). This function returns a ``typing.BinaryIO`` instance, a binary I/O stream open for reading. .. deprecated:: 3.11 .. function:: open_text(package, resource, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict') Open for text reading the *resource* within *package*. By default, the resource is opened for reading as UTF-8. *package* is either a name or a module object which conforms to the ``Package`` requirements. *resource* is the name of the resource to open within *package*; it may not contain path separators and it may not have sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory). *encoding* and *errors* have the same meaning as with built-in :func:`open`. This function returns a ``typing.TextIO`` instance, a text I/O stream open for reading. .. deprecated:: 3.11 .. function:: read_binary(package, resource) Read and return the contents of the *resource* within *package* as ``bytes``. *package* is either a name or a module object which conforms to the ``Package`` requirements. *resource* is the name of the resource to open within *package*; it may not contain path separators and it may not have sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory). This function returns the contents of the resource as :class:`bytes`. .. deprecated:: 3.11 .. function:: read_text(package, resource, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict') Read and return the contents of *resource* within *package* as a ``str``. By default, the contents are read as strict UTF-8. *package* is either a name or a module object which conforms to the ``Package`` requirements. *resource* is the name of the resource to open within *package*; it may not contain path separators and it may not have sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory). *encoding* and *errors* have the same meaning as with built-in :func:`open`. This function returns the contents of the resource as :class:`str`. .. deprecated:: 3.11 .. function:: path(package, resource) Return the path to the *resource* as an actual file system path. This function returns a context manager for use in a :keyword:`with` statement. The context manager provides a :class:`pathlib.Path` object. Exiting the context manager cleans up any temporary file created when the resource needs to be extracted from e.g. a zip file. *package* is either a name or a module object which conforms to the ``Package`` requirements. *resource* is the name of the resource to open within *package*; it may not contain path separators and it may not have sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory). .. deprecated:: 3.11 .. function:: is_resource(package, name) Return ``True`` if there is a resource named *name* in the package, otherwise ``False``. Remember that directories are *not* resources! *package* is either a name or a module object which conforms to the ``Package`` requirements. .. deprecated:: 3.11 .. function:: contents(package) Return an iterable over the named items within the package. The iterable returns :class:`str` resources (e.g. files) and non-resources (e.g. directories). The iterable does not recurse into subdirectories. *package* is either a name or a module object which conforms to the ``Package`` requirements. .. deprecated:: 3.11