import contextlib
import dis
import io
import itertools
import math
import opcode
import os
import unittest
import sys
import ast
import _ast
import tempfile
import types
import textwrap
import warnings
try:
    import _testinternalcapi
except ImportError:
    _testinternalcapi = None

from test import support
from test.support import (script_helper, requires_debug_ranges, run_code,
                          requires_specialization, get_c_recursion_limit)
from test.support.bytecode_helper import instructions_with_positions
from test.support.os_helper import FakePath

class TestSpecifics(unittest.TestCase):

    def compile_single(self, source):
        compile(source, "<single>", "single")

    def assertInvalidSingle(self, source):
        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, self.compile_single, source)

    def test_no_ending_newline(self):
        compile("hi", "<test>", "exec")
        compile("hi\r", "<test>", "exec")

    def test_empty(self):
        compile("", "<test>", "exec")

    def test_other_newlines(self):
        compile("\r\n", "<test>", "exec")
        compile("\r", "<test>", "exec")
        compile("hi\r\nstuff\r\ndef f():\n    pass\r", "<test>", "exec")
        compile("this_is\rreally_old_mac\rdef f():\n    pass", "<test>", "exec")

    def test_debug_assignment(self):
        # catch assignments to __debug__
        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, compile, '__debug__ = 1', '?', 'single')
        import builtins
        prev = builtins.__debug__
        setattr(builtins, '__debug__', 'sure')
        self.assertEqual(__debug__, prev)
        setattr(builtins, '__debug__', prev)

    def test_argument_handling(self):
        # detect duplicate positional and keyword arguments
        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, 'lambda a,a:0')
        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, 'lambda a,a=1:0')
        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, 'lambda a=1,a=1:0')
        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, exec, 'def f(a, a): pass')
        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, exec, 'def f(a = 0, a = 1): pass')
        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, exec, 'def f(a): global a; a = 1')

    def test_syntax_error(self):
        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, compile, "1+*3", "filename", "exec")

    def test_none_keyword_arg(self):
        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, compile, "f(None=1)", "<string>", "exec")

    def test_duplicate_global_local(self):
        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, exec, 'def f(a): global a; a = 1')

    def test_exec_with_general_mapping_for_locals(self):

        class M:
            "Test mapping interface versus possible calls from eval()."
            def __getitem__(self, key):
                if key == 'a':
                    return 12
                raise KeyError
            def __setitem__(self, key, value):
                self.results = (key, value)
            def keys(self):
                return list('xyz')

        m = M()
        g = globals()
        exec('z = a', g, m)
        self.assertEqual(m.results, ('z', 12))
        try:
            exec('z = b', g, m)
        except NameError:
            pass
        else:
            self.fail('Did not detect a KeyError')
        exec('z = dir()', g, m)
        self.assertEqual(m.results, ('z', list('xyz')))
        exec('z = globals()', g, m)
        self.assertEqual(m.results, ('z', g))
        exec('z = locals()', g, m)
        self.assertEqual(m.results, ('z', m))
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, exec, 'z = b', m)

        class A:
            "Non-mapping"
            pass
        m = A()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, exec, 'z = a', g, m)

        # Verify that dict subclasses work as well
        class D(dict):
            def __getitem__(self, key):
                if key == 'a':
                    return 12
                return dict.__getitem__(self, key)
        d = D()
        exec('z = a', g, d)
        self.assertEqual(d['z'], 12)

    @unittest.skipIf(support.is_wasi, "exhausts limited stack on WASI")
    def test_extended_arg(self):
        repeat = int(get_c_recursion_limit() * 0.9)
        longexpr = 'x = x or ' + '-x' * repeat
        g = {}
        code = textwrap.dedent('''
            def f(x):
                %s
                %s
                %s
                %s
                %s
                %s
                %s
                %s
                %s
                %s
                # the expressions above have no effect, x == argument
                while x:
                    x -= 1
                    # EXTENDED_ARG/JUMP_ABSOLUTE here
                return x
            ''' % ((longexpr,)*10))
        exec(code, g)
        self.assertEqual(g['f'](5), 0)

    def test_argument_order(self):
        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, exec, 'def f(a=1, b): pass')

    def test_float_literals(self):
        # testing bad float literals
        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, "2e")
        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, "2.0e+")
        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, "1e-")
        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, "3-4e/21")

    def test_indentation(self):
        # testing compile() of indented block w/o trailing newline"
        s = textwrap.dedent("""
            if 1:
                if 2:
                    pass
            """)
        compile(s, "<string>", "exec")

    # This test is probably specific to CPython and may not generalize
    # to other implementations.  We are trying to ensure that when
    # the first line of code starts after 256, correct line numbers
    # in tracebacks are still produced.
    def test_leading_newlines(self):
        s256 = "".join(["\n"] * 256 + ["spam"])
        co = compile(s256, 'fn', 'exec')
        self.assertEqual(co.co_firstlineno, 1)
        lines = [line for _, _, line in co.co_lines()]
        self.assertEqual(lines, [0, 257])

    def test_literals_with_leading_zeroes(self):
        for arg in ["077787", "0xj", "0x.", "0e",  "090000000000000",
                    "080000000000000", "000000000000009", "000000000000008",
                    "0b42", "0BADCAFE", "0o123456789", "0b1.1", "0o4.2",
                    "0b101j", "0o153j", "0b100e1", "0o777e1", "0777",
                    "000777", "000000000000007"]:
            self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, arg)

        self.assertEqual(eval("0xff"), 255)
        self.assertEqual(eval("0777."), 777)
        self.assertEqual(eval("0777.0"), 777)
        self.assertEqual(eval("000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000777e0"), 777)
        self.assertEqual(eval("0777e1"), 7770)
        self.assertEqual(eval("0e0"), 0)
        self.assertEqual(eval("0000e-012"), 0)
        self.assertEqual(eval("09.5"), 9.5)
        self.assertEqual(eval("0777j"), 777j)
        self.assertEqual(eval("000"), 0)
        self.assertEqual(eval("00j"), 0j)
        self.assertEqual(eval("00.0"), 0)
        self.assertEqual(eval("0e3"), 0)
        self.assertEqual(eval("090000000000000."), 90000000000000.)
        self.assertEqual(eval("090000000000000.0000000000000000000000"), 90000000000000.)
        self.assertEqual(eval("090000000000000e0"), 90000000000000.)
        self.assertEqual(eval("090000000000000e-0"), 90000000000000.)
        self.assertEqual(eval("090000000000000j"), 90000000000000j)
        self.assertEqual(eval("000000000000008."), 8.)
        self.assertEqual(eval("000000000000009."), 9.)
        self.assertEqual(eval("0b101010"), 42)
        self.assertEqual(eval("-0b000000000010"), -2)
        self.assertEqual(eval("0o777"), 511)
        self.assertEqual(eval("-0o0000010"), -8)

    def test_int_literals_too_long(self):
        n = 3000
        source = f"a = 1\nb = 2\nc = {'3'*n}\nd = 4"
        with support.adjust_int_max_str_digits(n):
            compile(source, "<long_int_pass>", "exec")  # no errors.
        with support.adjust_int_max_str_digits(n-1):
            with self.assertRaises(SyntaxError) as err_ctx:
                compile(source, "<long_int_fail>", "exec")
            exc = err_ctx.exception
            self.assertEqual(exc.lineno, 3)
            self.assertIn('Exceeds the limit ', str(exc))
            self.assertIn(' Consider hexadecimal ', str(exc))

    def test_unary_minus(self):
        # Verify treatment of unary minus on negative numbers SF bug #660455
        if sys.maxsize == 2147483647:
            # 32-bit machine
            all_one_bits = '0xffffffff'
            self.assertEqual(eval(all_one_bits), 4294967295)
            self.assertEqual(eval("-" + all_one_bits), -4294967295)
        elif sys.maxsize == 9223372036854775807:
            # 64-bit machine
            all_one_bits = '0xffffffffffffffff'
            self.assertEqual(eval(all_one_bits), 18446744073709551615)
            self.assertEqual(eval("-" + all_one_bits), -18446744073709551615)
        else:
            self.fail("How many bits *does* this machine have???")
        # Verify treatment of constant folding on -(sys.maxsize+1)
        # i.e. -2147483648 on 32 bit platforms.  Should return int.
        self.assertIsInstance(eval("%s" % (-sys.maxsize - 1)), int)
        self.assertIsInstance(eval("%s" % (-sys.maxsize - 2)), int)

    if sys.maxsize == 9223372036854775807:
        def test_32_63_bit_values(self):
            a = +4294967296  # 1 << 32
            b = -4294967296  # 1 << 32
            c = +281474976710656  # 1 << 48
            d = -281474976710656  # 1 << 48
            e = +4611686018427387904  # 1 << 62
            f = -4611686018427387904  # 1 << 62
            g = +9223372036854775807  # 1 << 63 - 1
            h = -9223372036854775807  # 1 << 63 - 1

            for variable in self.test_32_63_bit_values.__code__.co_consts:
                if variable is not None:
                    self.assertIsInstance(variable, int)

    def test_sequence_unpacking_error(self):
        # Verify sequence packing/unpacking with "or".  SF bug #757818
        i,j = (1, -1) or (-1, 1)
        self.assertEqual(i, 1)
        self.assertEqual(j, -1)

    def test_none_assignment(self):
        stmts = [
            'None = 0',
            'None += 0',
            '__builtins__.None = 0',
            'def None(): pass',
            'class None: pass',
            '(a, None) = 0, 0',
            'for None in range(10): pass',
            'def f(None): pass',
            'import None',
            'import x as None',
            'from x import None',
            'from x import y as None'
        ]
        for stmt in stmts:
            stmt += "\n"
            self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, compile, stmt, 'tmp', 'single')
            self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, compile, stmt, 'tmp', 'exec')

    def test_import(self):
        succeed = [
            'import sys',
            'import os, sys',
            'import os as bar',
            'import os.path as bar',
            'from __future__ import nested_scopes, generators',
            'from __future__ import (nested_scopes,\ngenerators)',
            'from __future__ import (nested_scopes,\ngenerators,)',
            'from sys import stdin, stderr, stdout',
            'from sys import (stdin, stderr,\nstdout)',
            'from sys import (stdin, stderr,\nstdout,)',
            'from sys import (stdin\n, stderr, stdout)',
            'from sys import (stdin\n, stderr, stdout,)',
            'from sys import stdin as si, stdout as so, stderr as se',
            'from sys import (stdin as si, stdout as so, stderr as se)',
            'from sys import (stdin as si, stdout as so, stderr as se,)',
            ]
        fail = [
            'import (os, sys)',
            'import (os), (sys)',
            'import ((os), (sys))',
            'import (sys',
            'import sys)',
            'import (os,)',
            'import os As bar',
            'import os.path a bar',
            'from sys import stdin As stdout',
            'from sys import stdin a stdout',
            'from (sys) import stdin',
            'from __future__ import (nested_scopes',
            'from __future__ import nested_scopes)',
            'from __future__ import nested_scopes,\ngenerators',
            'from sys import (stdin',
            'from sys import stdin)',
            'from sys import stdin, stdout,\nstderr',
            'from sys import stdin si',
            'from sys import stdin,',
            'from sys import (*)',
            'from sys import (stdin,, stdout, stderr)',
            'from sys import (stdin, stdout),',
            ]
        for stmt in succeed:
            compile(stmt, 'tmp', 'exec')
        for stmt in fail:
            self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, compile, stmt, 'tmp', 'exec')

    def test_for_distinct_code_objects(self):
        # SF bug 1048870
        def f():
            f1 = lambda x=1: x
            f2 = lambda x=2: x
            return f1, f2
        f1, f2 = f()
        self.assertNotEqual(id(f1.__code__), id(f2.__code__))

    def test_lambda_doc(self):
        l = lambda: "foo"
        self.assertIsNone(l.__doc__)

    def test_encoding(self):
        code = b'# -*- coding: badencoding -*-\npass\n'
        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, compile, code, 'tmp', 'exec')
        code = '# -*- coding: badencoding -*-\n"\xc2\xa4"\n'
        compile(code, 'tmp', 'exec')
        self.assertEqual(eval(code), '\xc2\xa4')
        code = '"\xc2\xa4"\n'
        self.assertEqual(eval(code), '\xc2\xa4')
        code = b'"\xc2\xa4"\n'
        self.assertEqual(eval(code), '\xa4')
        code = b'# -*- coding: latin1 -*-\n"\xc2\xa4"\n'
        self.assertEqual(eval(code), '\xc2\xa4')
        code = b'# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-\n"\xc2\xa4"\n'
        self.assertEqual(eval(code), '\xa4')
        code = b'# -*- coding: iso8859-15 -*-\n"\xc2\xa4"\n'
        self.assertEqual(eval(code), '\xc2\u20ac')
        code = '"""\\\n# -*- coding: iso8859-15 -*-\n\xc2\xa4"""\n'
        self.assertEqual(eval(code), '# -*- coding: iso8859-15 -*-\n\xc2\xa4')
        code = b'"""\\\n# -*- coding: iso8859-15 -*-\n\xc2\xa4"""\n'
        self.assertEqual(eval(code), '# -*- coding: iso8859-15 -*-\n\xa4')

    def test_subscripts(self):
        # SF bug 1448804
        # Class to make testing subscript results easy
        class str_map(object):
            def __init__(self):
                self.data = {}
            def __getitem__(self, key):
                return self.data[str(key)]
            def __setitem__(self, key, value):
                self.data[str(key)] = value
            def __delitem__(self, key):
                del self.data[str(key)]
            def __contains__(self, key):
                return str(key) in self.data
        d = str_map()
        # Index
        d[1] = 1
        self.assertEqual(d[1], 1)
        d[1] += 1
        self.assertEqual(d[1], 2)
        del d[1]
        self.assertNotIn(1, d)
        # Tuple of indices
        d[1, 1] = 1
        self.assertEqual(d[1, 1], 1)
        d[1, 1] += 1
        self.assertEqual(d[1, 1], 2)
        del d[1, 1]
        self.assertNotIn((1, 1), d)
        # Simple slice
        d[1:2] = 1
        self.assertEqual(d[1:2], 1)
        d[1:2] += 1
        self.assertEqual(d[1:2], 2)
        del d[1:2]
        self.assertNotIn(slice(1, 2), d)
        # Tuple of simple slices
        d[1:2, 1:2] = 1
        self.assertEqual(d[1:2, 1:2], 1)
        d[1:2, 1:2] += 1
        self.assertEqual(d[1:2, 1:2], 2)
        del d[1:2, 1:2]
        self.assertNotIn((slice(1, 2), slice(1, 2)), d)
        # Extended slice
        d[1:2:3] = 1
        self.assertEqual(d[1:2:3], 1)
        d[1:2:3] += 1
        self.assertEqual(d[1:2:3], 2)
        del d[1:2:3]
        self.assertNotIn(slice(1, 2, 3), d)
        # Tuple of extended slices
        d[1:2:3, 1:2:3] = 1
        self.assertEqual(d[1:2:3, 1:2:3], 1)
        d[1:2:3, 1:2:3] += 1
        self.assertEqual(d[1:2:3, 1:2:3], 2)
        del d[1:2:3, 1:2:3]
        self.assertNotIn((slice(1, 2, 3), slice(1, 2, 3)), d)
        # Ellipsis
        d[...] = 1
        self.assertEqual(d[...], 1)
        d[...] += 1
        self.assertEqual(d[...], 2)
        del d[...]
        self.assertNotIn(Ellipsis, d)
        # Tuple of Ellipses
        d[..., ...] = 1
        self.assertEqual(d[..., ...], 1)
        d[..., ...] += 1
        self.assertEqual(d[..., ...], 2)
        del d[..., ...]
        self.assertNotIn((Ellipsis, Ellipsis), d)

    def test_annotation_limit(self):
        # more than 255 annotations, should compile ok
        s = "def f(%s): pass"
        s %= ', '.join('a%d:%d' % (i,i) for i in range(300))
        compile(s, '?', 'exec')

    def test_mangling(self):
        class A:
            def f():
                __mangled = 1
                __not_mangled__ = 2
                import __mangled_mod       # noqa: F401
                import __package__.module  # noqa: F401

        self.assertIn("_A__mangled", A.f.__code__.co_varnames)
        self.assertIn("__not_mangled__", A.f.__code__.co_varnames)
        self.assertIn("_A__mangled_mod", A.f.__code__.co_varnames)
        self.assertIn("__package__", A.f.__code__.co_varnames)

    def test_condition_expression_with_dead_blocks_compiles(self):
        # See gh-113054
        compile('if (5 if 5 else T): 0', '<eval>', 'exec')

    def test_condition_expression_with_redundant_comparisons_compiles(self):
        # See gh-113054, gh-114083
        exprs = [
            'if 9<9<9and 9or 9:9',
            'if 9<9<9and 9or 9or 9:9',
            'if 9<9<9and 9or 9or 9or 9:9',
            'if 9<9<9and 9or 9or 9or 9or 9:9',
        ]
        for expr in exprs:
            with self.subTest(expr=expr):
                with self.assertWarns(SyntaxWarning):
                    compile(expr, '<eval>', 'exec')

    def test_dead_code_with_except_handler_compiles(self):
        compile(textwrap.dedent("""
                if None:
                    with CM:
                        x = 1
                else:
                    x = 2
               """), '<eval>', 'exec')

    def test_compile_invalid_namedexpr(self):
        # gh-109351
        m = ast.Module(
            body=[
                ast.Expr(
                    value=ast.ListComp(
                        elt=ast.NamedExpr(
                            target=ast.Constant(value=1),
                            value=ast.Constant(value=3),
                        ),
                        generators=[
                            ast.comprehension(
                                target=ast.Name(id="x", ctx=ast.Store()),
                                iter=ast.Name(id="y", ctx=ast.Load()),
                                ifs=[],
                                is_async=0,
                            )
                        ],
                    )
                )
            ],
            type_ignores=[],
        )

        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "NamedExpr target must be a Name"):
            compile(ast.fix_missing_locations(m), "<file>", "exec")

    def test_compile_redundant_jumps_and_nops_after_moving_cold_blocks(self):
        # See gh-120367
        code=textwrap.dedent("""
            try:
                pass
            except:
                pass
            else:
                match name_2:
                    case b'':
                        pass
            finally:
                something
            """)

        tree = ast.parse(code)

        # make all instruction locations the same to create redundancies
        for node in ast.walk(tree):
            if hasattr(node,"lineno"):
                 del node.lineno
                 del node.end_lineno
                 del node.col_offset
                 del node.end_col_offset

        compile(ast.fix_missing_locations(tree), "<file>", "exec")

    def test_compile_redundant_jump_after_convert_pseudo_ops(self):
        # See gh-120367
        code=textwrap.dedent("""
            if name_2:
                pass
            else:
                try:
                    pass
                except:
                    pass
            ~name_5
            """)

        tree = ast.parse(code)

        # make all instruction locations the same to create redundancies
        for node in ast.walk(tree):
            if hasattr(node,"lineno"):
                 del node.lineno
                 del node.end_lineno
                 del node.col_offset
                 del node.end_col_offset

        compile(ast.fix_missing_locations(tree), "<file>", "exec")

    def test_compile_ast(self):
        fname = __file__
        if fname.lower().endswith('pyc'):
            fname = fname[:-1]
        with open(fname, encoding='utf-8') as f:
            fcontents = f.read()
        sample_code = [
            ['<assign>', 'x = 5'],
            ['<ifblock>', """if True:\n    pass\n"""],
            ['<forblock>', """for n in [1, 2, 3]:\n    print(n)\n"""],
            ['<deffunc>', """def foo():\n    pass\nfoo()\n"""],
            [fname, fcontents],
        ]

        for fname, code in sample_code:
            co1 = compile(code, '%s1' % fname, 'exec')
            ast = compile(code, '%s2' % fname, 'exec', _ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST)
            self.assertTrue(type(ast) == _ast.Module)
            co2 = compile(ast, '%s3' % fname, 'exec')
            self.assertEqual(co1, co2)
            # the code object's filename comes from the second compilation step
            self.assertEqual(co2.co_filename, '%s3' % fname)

        # raise exception when node type doesn't match with compile mode
        co1 = compile('print(1)', '<string>', 'exec', _ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, compile, co1, '<ast>', 'eval')

        # raise exception when node type is no start node
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, compile, _ast.If(test=_ast.Name(id='x', ctx=_ast.Load())), '<ast>', 'exec')

        # raise exception when node has invalid children
        ast = _ast.Module()
        ast.body = [_ast.BoolOp(op=_ast.Or())]
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, compile, ast, '<ast>', 'exec')

    def test_compile_invalid_typealias(self):
        # gh-109341
        m = ast.Module(
            body=[
                ast.TypeAlias(
                    name=ast.Subscript(
                        value=ast.Name(id="foo", ctx=ast.Load()),
                        slice=ast.Constant(value="x"),
                        ctx=ast.Store(),
                    ),
                    type_params=[],
                    value=ast.Name(id="Callable", ctx=ast.Load()),
                )
            ],
            type_ignores=[],
        )

        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "TypeAlias with non-Name name"):
            compile(ast.fix_missing_locations(m), "<file>", "exec")

    def test_dict_evaluation_order(self):
        i = 0

        def f():
            nonlocal i
            i += 1
            return i

        d = {f(): f(), f(): f()}
        self.assertEqual(d, {1: 2, 3: 4})

    def test_compile_filename(self):
        for filename in 'file.py', b'file.py':
            code = compile('pass', filename, 'exec')
            self.assertEqual(code.co_filename, 'file.py')
        for filename in bytearray(b'file.py'), memoryview(b'file.py'):
            with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
                compile('pass', filename, 'exec')
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, compile, 'pass', list(b'file.py'), 'exec')

    @support.cpython_only
    def test_same_filename_used(self):
        s = """def f(): pass\ndef g(): pass"""
        c = compile(s, "myfile", "exec")
        for obj in c.co_consts:
            if isinstance(obj, types.CodeType):
                self.assertIs(obj.co_filename, c.co_filename)

    def test_single_statement(self):
        self.compile_single("1 + 2")
        self.compile_single("\n1 + 2")
        self.compile_single("1 + 2\n")
        self.compile_single("1 + 2\n\n")
        self.compile_single("1 + 2\t\t\n")
        self.compile_single("1 + 2\t\t\n        ")
        self.compile_single("1 + 2 # one plus two")
        self.compile_single("1; 2")
        self.compile_single("import sys; sys")
        self.compile_single("def f():\n   pass")
        self.compile_single("while False:\n   pass")
        self.compile_single("if x:\n   f(x)")
        self.compile_single("if x:\n   f(x)\nelse:\n   g(x)")
        self.compile_single("class T:\n   pass")
        self.compile_single("c = '''\na=1\nb=2\nc=3\n'''")

    def test_bad_single_statement(self):
        self.assertInvalidSingle('1\n2')
        self.assertInvalidSingle('def f(): pass')
        self.assertInvalidSingle('a = 13\nb = 187')
        self.assertInvalidSingle('del x\ndel y')
        self.assertInvalidSingle('f()\ng()')
        self.assertInvalidSingle('f()\n# blah\nblah()')
        self.assertInvalidSingle('f()\nxy # blah\nblah()')
        self.assertInvalidSingle('x = 5 # comment\nx = 6\n')
        self.assertInvalidSingle("c = '''\nd=1\n'''\na = 1\n\nb = 2\n")

    def test_particularly_evil_undecodable(self):
        # Issue 24022
        src = b'0000\x00\n00000000000\n\x00\n\x9e\n'
        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpd:
            fn = os.path.join(tmpd, "bad.py")
            with open(fn, "wb") as fp:
                fp.write(src)
            res = script_helper.run_python_until_end(fn)[0]
        self.assertIn(b"source code cannot contain null bytes", res.err)

    def test_yet_more_evil_still_undecodable(self):
        # Issue #25388
        src = b"#\x00\n#\xfd\n"
        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpd:
            fn = os.path.join(tmpd, "bad.py")
            with open(fn, "wb") as fp:
                fp.write(src)
            res = script_helper.run_python_until_end(fn)[0]
        self.assertIn(b"source code cannot contain null bytes", res.err)

    @support.cpython_only
    @unittest.skipIf(support.is_wasi, "exhausts limited stack on WASI")
    def test_compiler_recursion_limit(self):
        # Expected limit is Py_C_RECURSION_LIMIT
        limit = get_c_recursion_limit()
        fail_depth = limit + 1
        crash_depth = limit * 100
        success_depth = int(limit * 0.8)

        def check_limit(prefix, repeated, mode="single"):
            expect_ok = prefix + repeated * success_depth
            compile(expect_ok, '<test>', mode)
            for depth in (fail_depth, crash_depth):
                broken = prefix + repeated * depth
                details = "Compiling ({!r} + {!r} * {})".format(
                            prefix, repeated, depth)
                with self.assertRaises(RecursionError, msg=details):
                    compile(broken, '<test>', mode)

        check_limit("a", "()")
        check_limit("a", ".b")
        check_limit("a", "[0]")
        check_limit("a", "*a")
        # XXX Crashes in the parser.
        # check_limit("a", " if a else a")
        # check_limit("if a: pass", "\nelif a: pass", mode="exec")

    def test_null_terminated(self):
        # The source code is null-terminated internally, but bytes-like
        # objects are accepted, which could be not terminated.
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, "cannot contain null"):
            compile("123\x00", "<dummy>", "eval")
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, "cannot contain null"):
            compile(memoryview(b"123\x00"), "<dummy>", "eval")
        code = compile(memoryview(b"123\x00")[1:-1], "<dummy>", "eval")
        self.assertEqual(eval(code), 23)
        code = compile(memoryview(b"1234")[1:-1], "<dummy>", "eval")
        self.assertEqual(eval(code), 23)
        code = compile(memoryview(b"$23$")[1:-1], "<dummy>", "eval")
        self.assertEqual(eval(code), 23)

        # Also test when eval() and exec() do the compilation step
        self.assertEqual(eval(memoryview(b"1234")[1:-1]), 23)
        namespace = dict()
        exec(memoryview(b"ax = 123")[1:-1], namespace)
        self.assertEqual(namespace['x'], 12)

    def check_constant(self, func, expected):
        for const in func.__code__.co_consts:
            if repr(const) == repr(expected):
                break
        else:
            self.fail("unable to find constant %r in %r"
                      % (expected, func.__code__.co_consts))

    # Merging equal constants is not a strict requirement for the Python
    # semantics, it's a more an implementation detail.
    @support.cpython_only
    def test_merge_constants(self):
        # Issue #25843: compile() must merge constants which are equal
        # and have the same type.

        def check_same_constant(const):
            ns = {}
            code = "f1, f2 = lambda: %r, lambda: %r" % (const, const)
            exec(code, ns)
            f1 = ns['f1']
            f2 = ns['f2']
            self.assertIs(f1.__code__.co_consts, f2.__code__.co_consts)
            self.check_constant(f1, const)
            self.assertEqual(repr(f1()), repr(const))

        check_same_constant(None)
        check_same_constant(0)
        check_same_constant(0.0)
        check_same_constant(b'abc')
        check_same_constant('abc')

        # Note: "lambda: ..." emits "LOAD_CONST Ellipsis",
        # whereas "lambda: Ellipsis" emits "LOAD_GLOBAL Ellipsis"
        f1, f2 = lambda: ..., lambda: ...
        self.assertIs(f1.__code__.co_consts, f2.__code__.co_consts)
        self.check_constant(f1, Ellipsis)
        self.assertEqual(repr(f1()), repr(Ellipsis))

        # Merge constants in tuple or frozenset
        f1, f2 = lambda: "not a name", lambda: ("not a name",)
        f3 = lambda x: x in {("not a name",)}
        self.assertIs(f1.__code__.co_consts[1],
                      f2.__code__.co_consts[1][0])
        self.assertIs(next(iter(f3.__code__.co_consts[1])),
                      f2.__code__.co_consts[1])

        # {0} is converted to a constant frozenset({0}) by the peephole
        # optimizer
        f1, f2 = lambda x: x in {0}, lambda x: x in {0}
        self.assertIs(f1.__code__.co_consts, f2.__code__.co_consts)
        self.check_constant(f1, frozenset({0}))
        self.assertTrue(f1(0))

    # Merging equal co_linetable is not a strict requirement
    # for the Python semantics, it's a more an implementation detail.
    @support.cpython_only
    def test_merge_code_attrs(self):
        # See https://bugs.python.org/issue42217
        f1 = lambda x: x.y.z
        f2 = lambda a: a.b.c

        self.assertIs(f1.__code__.co_linetable, f2.__code__.co_linetable)

    @support.cpython_only
    def test_remove_unused_consts(self):
        def f():
            "docstring"
            if True:
                return "used"
            else:
                return "unused"

        self.assertEqual(f.__code__.co_consts,
                         (f.__doc__, "used"))

    @support.cpython_only
    def test_remove_unused_consts_no_docstring(self):
        # the first item (None for no docstring in this case) is
        # always retained.
        def f():
            if True:
                return "used"
            else:
                return "unused"

        self.assertEqual(f.__code__.co_consts,
                         (None, "used"))

    @support.cpython_only
    def test_remove_unused_consts_extended_args(self):
        N = 1000
        code = ["def f():\n"]
        code.append("\ts = ''\n")
        code.append("\tfor i in range(1):\n")
        for i in range(N):
            code.append(f"\t\tif True: s += 't{i}'\n")
            code.append(f"\t\tif False: s += 'f{i}'\n")
        code.append("\treturn s\n")

        code = "".join(code)
        g = {}
        eval(compile(code, "file.py", "exec"), g)
        exec(code, g)
        f = g['f']
        expected = tuple([None, '', 1] + [f't{i}' for i in range(N)])
        self.assertEqual(f.__code__.co_consts, expected)
        expected = "".join(expected[3:])
        self.assertEqual(expected, f())

    # Stripping unused constants is not a strict requirement for the
    # Python semantics, it's a more an implementation detail.
    @support.cpython_only
    def test_strip_unused_None(self):
        # Python 3.10rc1 appended None to co_consts when None is not used
        # at all. See bpo-45056.
        def f1():
            "docstring"
            return 42
        self.assertEqual(f1.__code__.co_consts, (f1.__doc__, 42))

    # This is a regression test for a CPython specific peephole optimizer
    # implementation bug present in a few releases.  It's assertion verifies
    # that peephole optimization was actually done though that isn't an
    # indication of the bugs presence or not (crashing is).
    @support.cpython_only
    def test_peephole_opt_unreachable_code_array_access_in_bounds(self):
        """Regression test for issue35193 when run under clang msan."""
        def unused_code_at_end():
            return 3
            raise RuntimeError("unreachable")
        # The above function definition will trigger the out of bounds
        # bug in the peephole optimizer as it scans opcodes past the
        # RETURN_VALUE opcode.  This does not always crash an interpreter.
        # When you build with the clang memory sanitizer it reliably aborts.
        self.assertEqual(
            'RETURN_CONST',
            list(dis.get_instructions(unused_code_at_end))[-1].opname)

    @support.cpython_only
    def test_docstring(self):
        src = textwrap.dedent("""
            def with_docstring():
                "docstring"

            def two_strings():
                "docstring"
                "not docstring"

            def with_fstring():
                f"not docstring"

            def with_const_expression():
                "also" + " not docstring"
            """)

        for opt in [0, 1, 2]:
            with self.subTest(opt=opt):
                code = compile(src, "<test>", "exec", optimize=opt)
                ns = {}
                exec(code, ns)

                if opt < 2:
                    self.assertEqual(ns['with_docstring'].__doc__, "docstring")
                    self.assertEqual(ns['two_strings'].__doc__, "docstring")
                else:
                    self.assertIsNone(ns['with_docstring'].__doc__)
                    self.assertIsNone(ns['two_strings'].__doc__)
                self.assertIsNone(ns['with_fstring'].__doc__)
                self.assertIsNone(ns['with_const_expression'].__doc__)

    @support.cpython_only
    def test_docstring_interactive_mode(self):
        srcs = [
            """def with_docstring():
                "docstring"
            """,
            """class with_docstring:
                "docstring"
            """,
        ]

        for opt in [0, 1, 2]:
            for src in srcs:
                with self.subTest(opt=opt, src=src):
                    code = compile(textwrap.dedent(src), "<test>", "single", optimize=opt)
                    ns = {}
                    exec(code, ns)
                    if opt < 2:
                        self.assertEqual(ns['with_docstring'].__doc__, "docstring")
                    else:
                        self.assertIsNone(ns['with_docstring'].__doc__)

    @support.cpython_only
    def test_docstring_omitted(self):
        # See gh-115347
        src = textwrap.dedent("""
            def f():
                "docstring1"
                def h():
                    "docstring2"
                    return 42

                class C:
                    "docstring3"
                    pass

                return h
        """)
        for opt in [-1, 0, 1, 2]:
            for mode in ["exec", "single"]:
                with self.subTest(opt=opt, mode=mode):
                    code = compile(src, "<test>", mode, optimize=opt)
                    output = io.StringIO()
                    with contextlib.redirect_stdout(output):
                        dis.dis(code)
                    self.assertNotIn('NOP', output.getvalue())

    def test_dont_merge_constants(self):
        # Issue #25843: compile() must not merge constants which are equal
        # but have a different type.

        def check_different_constants(const1, const2):
            ns = {}
            exec("f1, f2 = lambda: %r, lambda: %r" % (const1, const2), ns)
            f1 = ns['f1']
            f2 = ns['f2']
            self.assertIsNot(f1.__code__, f2.__code__)
            self.assertNotEqual(f1.__code__, f2.__code__)
            self.check_constant(f1, const1)
            self.check_constant(f2, const2)
            self.assertEqual(repr(f1()), repr(const1))
            self.assertEqual(repr(f2()), repr(const2))

        check_different_constants(0, 0.0)
        check_different_constants(+0.0, -0.0)
        check_different_constants((0,), (0.0,))
        check_different_constants('a', b'a')
        check_different_constants(('a',), (b'a',))

        # check_different_constants() cannot be used because repr(-0j) is
        # '(-0-0j)', but when '(-0-0j)' is evaluated to 0j: we loose the sign.
        f1, f2 = lambda: +0.0j, lambda: -0.0j
        self.assertIsNot(f1.__code__, f2.__code__)
        self.check_constant(f1, +0.0j)
        self.check_constant(f2, -0.0j)
        self.assertEqual(repr(f1()), repr(+0.0j))
        self.assertEqual(repr(f2()), repr(-0.0j))

        # {0} is converted to a constant frozenset({0}) by the peephole
        # optimizer
        f1, f2 = lambda x: x in {0}, lambda x: x in {0.0}
        self.assertIsNot(f1.__code__, f2.__code__)
        self.check_constant(f1, frozenset({0}))
        self.check_constant(f2, frozenset({0.0}))
        self.assertTrue(f1(0))
        self.assertTrue(f2(0.0))

    def test_path_like_objects(self):
        # An implicit test for PyUnicode_FSDecoder().
        compile("42", FakePath("test_compile_pathlike"), "single")

    @support.requires_resource('cpu')
    def test_stack_overflow(self):
        # bpo-31113: Stack overflow when compile a long sequence of
        # complex statements.
        compile("if a: b\n" * 200000, "<dummy>", "exec")

    # Multiple users rely on the fact that CPython does not generate
    # bytecode for dead code blocks. See bpo-37500 for more context.
    @support.cpython_only
    def test_dead_blocks_do_not_generate_bytecode(self):
        def unused_block_if():
            if 0:
                return 42

        def unused_block_while():
            while 0:
                return 42

        def unused_block_if_else():
            if 1:
                return None
            else:
                return 42

        def unused_block_while_else():
            while 1:
                return None
            else:
                return 42

        funcs = [unused_block_if, unused_block_while,
                 unused_block_if_else, unused_block_while_else]

        for func in funcs:
            opcodes = list(dis.get_instructions(func))
            self.assertLessEqual(len(opcodes), 3)
            self.assertEqual('RETURN_CONST', opcodes[-1].opname)
            self.assertEqual(None, opcodes[-1].argval)

    def test_false_while_loop(self):
        def break_in_while():
            while False:
                break

        def continue_in_while():
            while False:
                continue

        funcs = [break_in_while, continue_in_while]

        # Check that we did not raise but we also don't generate bytecode
        for func in funcs:
            opcodes = list(dis.get_instructions(func))
            self.assertEqual(2, len(opcodes))
            self.assertEqual('RETURN_CONST', opcodes[1].opname)
            self.assertEqual(None, opcodes[1].argval)

    def test_consts_in_conditionals(self):
        def and_true(x):
            return True and x

        def and_false(x):
            return False and x

        def or_true(x):
            return True or x

        def or_false(x):
            return False or x

        funcs = [and_true, and_false, or_true, or_false]

        # Check that condition is removed.
        for func in funcs:
            with self.subTest(func=func):
                opcodes = list(dis.get_instructions(func))
                self.assertLessEqual(len(opcodes), 3)
                self.assertIn('LOAD_', opcodes[-2].opname)
                self.assertEqual('RETURN_VALUE', opcodes[-1].opname)

    def test_imported_load_method(self):
        sources = [
            """\
            import os
            def foo():
                return os.uname()
            """,
            """\
            import os as operating_system
            def foo():
                return operating_system.uname()
            """,
            """\
            from os import path
            def foo(x):
                return path.join(x)
            """,
            """\
            from os import path as os_path
            def foo(x):
                return os_path.join(x)
            """
        ]
        for source in sources:
            namespace = {}
            exec(textwrap.dedent(source), namespace)
            func = namespace['foo']
            with self.subTest(func=func.__name__):
                opcodes = list(dis.get_instructions(func))
                instructions = [opcode.opname for opcode in opcodes]
                self.assertNotIn('LOAD_METHOD', instructions)
                self.assertIn('LOAD_ATTR', instructions)
                self.assertIn('CALL', instructions)

    def test_lineno_procedure_call(self):
        def call():
            (
                print()
            )
        line1 = call.__code__.co_firstlineno + 1
        assert line1 not in [line for (_, _, line) in call.__code__.co_lines()]

    def test_lineno_after_implicit_return(self):
        TRUE = True
        # Don't use constant True or False, as compiler will remove test
        def if1(x):
            x()
            if TRUE:
                pass
        def if2(x):
            x()
            if TRUE:
                pass
            else:
                pass
        def if3(x):
            x()
            if TRUE:
                pass
            else:
                return None
        def if4(x):
            x()
            if not TRUE:
                pass
        funcs = [ if1, if2, if3, if4]
        lastlines = [ 3, 3, 3, 2]
        frame = None
        def save_caller_frame():
            nonlocal frame
            frame = sys._getframe(1)
        for func, lastline in zip(funcs, lastlines, strict=True):
            with self.subTest(func=func):
                func(save_caller_frame)
                self.assertEqual(frame.f_lineno-frame.f_code.co_firstlineno, lastline)

    def test_lineno_after_no_code(self):
        def no_code1():
            "doc string"

        def no_code2():
            a: int

        for func in (no_code1, no_code2):
            with self.subTest(func=func):
                if func is no_code1 and no_code1.__doc__ is None:
                    continue
                code = func.__code__
                [(start, end, line)] = code.co_lines()
                self.assertEqual(start, 0)
                self.assertEqual(end, len(code.co_code))
                self.assertEqual(line, code.co_firstlineno)

    def get_code_lines(self, code):
        last_line = -2
        res = []
        for _, _, line in code.co_lines():
            if line is not None and line != last_line:
                res.append(line - code.co_firstlineno)
                last_line = line
        return res

    def test_lineno_attribute(self):
        def load_attr():
            return (
                o.
                a
            )
        load_attr_lines = [ 0, 2, 3, 1 ]

        def load_method():
            return (
                o.
                m(
                    0
                )
            )
        load_method_lines = [ 0, 2, 3, 4, 3, 1 ]

        def store_attr():
            (
                o.
                a
            ) = (
                v
            )
        store_attr_lines = [ 0, 5, 2, 3 ]

        def aug_store_attr():
            (
                o.
                a
            ) += (
                v
            )
        aug_store_attr_lines = [ 0, 2, 3, 5, 1, 3 ]

        funcs = [ load_attr, load_method, store_attr, aug_store_attr]
        func_lines = [ load_attr_lines, load_method_lines,
                 store_attr_lines, aug_store_attr_lines]

        for func, lines in zip(funcs, func_lines, strict=True):
            with self.subTest(func=func):
                code_lines = self.get_code_lines(func.__code__)
                self.assertEqual(lines, code_lines)

    def test_line_number_genexp(self):

        def return_genexp():
            return (1
                    for
                    x
                    in
                    y)
        genexp_lines = [0, 4, 2, 0, 4]

        genexp_code = return_genexp.__code__.co_consts[1]
        code_lines = self.get_code_lines(genexp_code)
        self.assertEqual(genexp_lines, code_lines)

    def test_line_number_implicit_return_after_async_for(self):

        async def test(aseq):
            async for i in aseq:
                body

        expected_lines = [0, 1, 2, 1]
        code_lines = self.get_code_lines(test.__code__)
        self.assertEqual(expected_lines, code_lines)

    def check_line_numbers(self, code, opnames=None):
        # Check that all instructions whose op matches opnames
        # have a line number. opnames can be a single name, or
        # a sequence of names. If it is None, match all ops.

        if isinstance(opnames, str):
            opnames = (opnames, )
        for inst in dis.Bytecode(code):
            if opnames and inst.opname in opnames:
                self.assertIsNotNone(inst.positions.lineno)

    def test_line_number_synthetic_jump_multiple_predecessors(self):
        def f():
            for x in it:
                try:
                    if C1:
                        yield 2
                except OSError:
                    pass

        self.check_line_numbers(f.__code__, 'JUMP_BACKWARD')

    def test_line_number_synthetic_jump_multiple_predecessors_nested(self):
        def f():
            for x in it:
                try:
                    X = 3
                except OSError:
                    try:
                        if C3:
                            X = 4
                    except OSError:
                        pass
            return 42

        self.check_line_numbers(f.__code__, 'JUMP_BACKWARD')

    def test_line_number_synthetic_jump_multiple_predecessors_more_nested(self):
        def f():
            for x in it:
                try:
                    X = 3
                except OSError:
                    try:
                        if C3:
                            if C4:
                                X = 4
                    except OSError:
                        try:
                            if C3:
                                if C4:
                                    X = 5
                        except OSError:
                            pass
            return 42

        self.check_line_numbers(f.__code__, 'JUMP_BACKWARD')

    def test_lineno_of_backward_jump_conditional_in_loop(self):
        # Issue gh-107901
        def f():
            for i in x:
                if y:
                    pass

        self.check_line_numbers(f.__code__, 'JUMP_BACKWARD')

    def test_big_dict_literal(self):
        # The compiler has a flushing point in "compiler_dict" that calls compiles
        # a portion of the dictionary literal when the loop that iterates over the items
        # reaches 0xFFFF elements but the code was not including the boundary element,
        # dropping the key at position 0xFFFF. See bpo-41531 for more information

        dict_size = 0xFFFF + 1
        the_dict = "{" + ",".join(f"{x}:{x}" for x in range(dict_size)) + "}"
        self.assertEqual(len(eval(the_dict)), dict_size)

    def test_redundant_jump_in_if_else_break(self):
        # Check if bytecode containing jumps that simply point to the next line
        # is generated around if-else-break style structures. See bpo-42615.

        def if_else_break():
            val = 1
            while True:
                if val > 0:
                    val -= 1
                else:
                    break
                val = -1

        INSTR_SIZE = 2
        HANDLED_JUMPS = (
            'POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE',
            'POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE',
            'JUMP_ABSOLUTE',
            'JUMP_FORWARD',
        )

        for line, instr in enumerate(
            dis.Bytecode(if_else_break, show_caches=True)
        ):
            if instr.opname == 'JUMP_FORWARD':
                self.assertNotEqual(instr.arg, 0)
            elif instr.opname in HANDLED_JUMPS:
                self.assertNotEqual(instr.arg, (line + 1)*INSTR_SIZE)

    def test_no_wraparound_jump(self):
        # See https://bugs.python.org/issue46724

        def while_not_chained(a, b, c):
            while not (a < b < c):
                pass

        for instr in dis.Bytecode(while_not_chained):
            self.assertNotEqual(instr.opname, "EXTENDED_ARG")

    @support.cpython_only
    def test_uses_slice_instructions(self):

        def check_op_count(func, op, expected):
            actual = 0
            for instr in dis.Bytecode(func):
                if instr.opname == op:
                    actual += 1
            self.assertEqual(actual, expected)

        def load():
            return x[a:b] + x [a:] + x[:b] + x[:]

        def store():
            x[a:b] = y
            x [a:] = y
            x[:b] = y
            x[:] = y

        def long_slice():
            return x[a:b:c]

        def aug():
            x[a:b] += y

        check_op_count(load, "BINARY_SLICE", 4)
        check_op_count(load, "BUILD_SLICE", 0)
        check_op_count(store, "STORE_SLICE", 4)
        check_op_count(store, "BUILD_SLICE", 0)
        check_op_count(long_slice, "BUILD_SLICE", 1)
        check_op_count(long_slice, "BINARY_SLICE", 0)
        check_op_count(aug, "BINARY_SLICE", 1)
        check_op_count(aug, "STORE_SLICE", 1)
        check_op_count(aug, "BUILD_SLICE", 0)

    def test_compare_positions(self):
        for opname_prefix, op in [
            ("COMPARE_", "<"),
            ("COMPARE_", "<="),
            ("COMPARE_", ">"),
            ("COMPARE_", ">="),
            ("CONTAINS_OP", "in"),
            ("CONTAINS_OP", "not in"),
            ("IS_OP", "is"),
            ("IS_OP", "is not"),
        ]:
            expr = f'a {op} b {op} c'
            expected_positions = 2 * [(2, 2, 0, len(expr))]
            for source in [
                f"\\\n{expr}", f'if \\\n{expr}: x', f"x if \\\n{expr} else y"
            ]:
                code = compile(source, "<test>", "exec")
                actual_positions = [
                    instruction.positions
                    for instruction in dis.get_instructions(code)
                    if instruction.opname.startswith(opname_prefix)
                ]
                with self.subTest(source):
                    self.assertEqual(actual_positions, expected_positions)

    def test_if_expression_expression_empty_block(self):
        # See regression in gh-99708
        exprs = [
            "assert (False if 1 else True)",
            "def f():\n\tif not (False if 1 else True): raise AssertionError",
            "def f():\n\tif not (False if 1 else True): return 12",
        ]
        for expr in exprs:
            with self.subTest(expr=expr):
                compile(expr, "<single>", "exec")

    def test_multi_line_lambda_as_argument(self):
        # See gh-101928
        code = textwrap.dedent("""
            def foo(param, lambda_exp):
                pass

            foo(param=0,
                lambda_exp=lambda:
                1)
        """)
        compile(code, "<test>", "exec")

    def test_apply_static_swaps(self):
        def f(x, y):
            a, a = x, y
            return a
        self.assertEqual(f("x", "y"), "y")

    def test_apply_static_swaps_2(self):
        def f(x, y, z):
            a, b, a = x, y, z
            return a
        self.assertEqual(f("x", "y", "z"), "z")

    def test_apply_static_swaps_3(self):
        def f(x, y, z):
            a, a, b = x, y, z
            return a
        self.assertEqual(f("x", "y", "z"), "y")

    def test_variable_dependent(self):
        # gh-104635: Since the value of b is dependent on the value of a
        # the first STORE_FAST for a should not be skipped. (e.g POP_TOP).
        # This test case is added to prevent potential regression from aggressive optimization.
        def f():
            a = 42; b = a + 54; a = 54
            return a, b
        self.assertEqual(f(), (54, 96))

    def test_duplicated_small_exit_block(self):
        # See gh-109627
        def f():
            while element and something:
                try:
                    return something
                except:
                    pass

    def test_cold_block_moved_to_end(self):
        # See gh-109719
        def f():
            while name:
                try:
                    break
                except:
                    pass
            else:
                1 if 1 else 1

    def test_remove_empty_basic_block_with_jump_target_label(self):
        # See gh-109823
        def f(x):
            while x:
                0 if 1 else 0

    def test_remove_redundant_nop_edge_case(self):
        # See gh-109889
        def f():
            a if (1 if b else c) else d

    def test_global_declaration_in_except_used_in_else(self):
        # See gh-111123
        code = textwrap.dedent("""\
            def f():
                try:
                    pass
                %s Exception:
                    global a
                else:
                    print(a)
        """)

        g, l = {'a': 5}, {}
        for kw in ("except", "except*"):
            exec(code % kw, g, l);

    def test_regression_gh_120225(self):
        async def name_4():
            match b'':
                case True:
                    pass
                case name_5 if f'e':
                    {name_3: name_4 async for name_2 in name_5}
                case []:
                    pass
            [[]]

class TestBooleanExpression(unittest.TestCase):
    class Value:
        def __init__(self):
            self.called = 0

        def __bool__(self):
            self.called += 1
            return self.value

    class Yes(Value):
        value = True

    class No(Value):
        value = False

    def test_short_circuit_and(self):
        v = [self.Yes(), self.No(), self.Yes()]
        res = v[0] and v[1] and v[0]
        self.assertIs(res, v[1])
        self.assertEqual([e.called for e in v], [1, 1, 0])

    def test_short_circuit_or(self):
        v = [self.No(), self.Yes(), self.No()]
        res = v[0] or v[1] or v[0]
        self.assertIs(res, v[1])
        self.assertEqual([e.called for e in v], [1, 1, 0])

    def test_compound(self):
        # See gh-124285
        v = [self.No(), self.Yes(), self.Yes(), self.Yes()]
        res = v[0] and v[1] or v[2] or v[3]
        self.assertIs(res, v[2])
        self.assertEqual([e.called for e in v], [1, 0, 1, 0])

        v = [self.No(), self.No(), self.Yes(), self.Yes(), self.No()]
        res = v[0] or v[1] and v[2] or v[3] or v[4]
        self.assertIs(res, v[3])
        self.assertEqual([e.called for e in v], [1, 1, 0, 1, 0])

@requires_debug_ranges()
class TestSourcePositions(unittest.TestCase):
    # Ensure that compiled code snippets have correct line and column numbers
    # in `co_positions()`.

    def check_positions_against_ast(self, snippet):
        # Basic check that makes sure each line and column is at least present
        # in one of the AST nodes of the source code.
        code = compile(snippet, 'test_compile.py', 'exec')
        ast_tree = compile(snippet, 'test_compile.py', 'exec', _ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST)
        self.assertTrue(type(ast_tree) == _ast.Module)

        # Use an AST visitor that notes all the offsets.
        lines, end_lines, columns, end_columns = set(), set(), set(), set()
        class SourceOffsetVisitor(ast.NodeVisitor):
            def generic_visit(self, node):
                super().generic_visit(node)
                if not isinstance(node, (ast.expr, ast.stmt, ast.pattern)):
                    return
                lines.add(node.lineno)
                end_lines.add(node.end_lineno)
                columns.add(node.col_offset)
                end_columns.add(node.end_col_offset)

        SourceOffsetVisitor().visit(ast_tree)

        # Check against the positions in the code object.
        for (line, end_line, col, end_col) in code.co_positions():
            if line == 0:
                continue # This is an artificial module-start line
            # If the offset is not None (indicating missing data), ensure that
            # it was part of one of the AST nodes.
            if line is not None:
                self.assertIn(line, lines)
            if end_line is not None:
                self.assertIn(end_line, end_lines)
            if col is not None:
                self.assertIn(col, columns)
            if end_col is not None:
                self.assertIn(end_col, end_columns)

        return code, ast_tree

    def assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(self, code, opcode,
            line, end_line, column, end_column, occurrence=1):

        for instr, position in instructions_with_positions(
            dis.Bytecode(code), code.co_positions()
        ):
            if instr.opname == opcode:
                occurrence -= 1
                if not occurrence:
                    self.assertEqual(position[0], line)
                    self.assertEqual(position[1], end_line)
                    self.assertEqual(position[2], column)
                    self.assertEqual(position[3], end_column)
                    return

        self.fail(f"Opcode {opcode} not found in code")

    def test_simple_assignment(self):
        snippet = "x = 1"
        self.check_positions_against_ast(snippet)

    def test_compiles_to_extended_op_arg(self):
        # Make sure we still have valid positions when the code compiles to an
        # EXTENDED_ARG by performing a loop which needs a JUMP_ABSOLUTE after
        # a bunch of opcodes.
        snippet = "x = x\n" * 10_000
        snippet += ("while x != 0:\n"
                    "  x -= 1\n"
                    "while x != 0:\n"
                    "  x +=  1\n"
                   )

        compiled_code, _ = self.check_positions_against_ast(snippet)

        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'BINARY_OP',
            line=10_000 + 2, end_line=10_000 + 2,
            column=2, end_column=8, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'BINARY_OP',
            line=10_000 + 4, end_line=10_000 + 4,
            column=2, end_column=9, occurrence=2)

    def test_multiline_expression(self):
        snippet = textwrap.dedent("""\
            f(
                1, 2, 3, 4
            )
            """)
        compiled_code, _ = self.check_positions_against_ast(snippet)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'CALL',
            line=1, end_line=3, column=0, end_column=1)

    @requires_specialization
    def test_multiline_boolean_expression(self):
        snippet = textwrap.dedent("""\
            if (a or
                (b and not c) or
                not (
                    d > 0)):
                x = 42
            """)
        compiled_code, _ = self.check_positions_against_ast(snippet)
        # jump if a is true:
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE',
            line=1, end_line=1, column=4, end_column=5, occurrence=1)
        # jump if b is false:
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE',
            line=2, end_line=2, column=5, end_column=6, occurrence=1)
        # jump if c is false:
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE',
            line=2, end_line=2, column=15, end_column=16, occurrence=2)
        # compare d and 0
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'COMPARE_OP',
            line=4, end_line=4, column=8, end_column=13, occurrence=1)
        # jump if comparison it True
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE',
            line=4, end_line=4, column=8, end_column=13, occurrence=2)

    @unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.optimize, "Assertions are disabled in optimized mode")
    def test_multiline_assert(self):
        snippet = textwrap.dedent("""\
            assert (a > 0 and
                    bb > 0 and
                    ccc == 1000000), "error msg"
            """)
        compiled_code, _ = self.check_positions_against_ast(snippet)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'LOAD_COMMON_CONSTANT',
            line=1, end_line=3, column=0, end_column=36, occurrence=1)
        #  The "error msg":
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'LOAD_CONST',
            line=3, end_line=3, column=25, end_column=36, occurrence=4)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'CALL',
            line=1, end_line=3, column=0, end_column=36, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'RAISE_VARARGS',
            line=1, end_line=3, column=8, end_column=22, occurrence=1)

    def test_multiline_generator_expression(self):
        snippet = textwrap.dedent("""\
            ((x,
                2*x)
                for x
                in [1,2,3] if (x > 0
                               and x < 100
                               and x != 50))
            """)
        compiled_code, _ = self.check_positions_against_ast(snippet)
        compiled_code = compiled_code.co_consts[0]
        self.assertIsInstance(compiled_code, types.CodeType)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'YIELD_VALUE',
            line=1, end_line=2, column=1, end_column=8, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'JUMP_BACKWARD',
            line=1, end_line=2, column=1, end_column=8, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'RETURN_CONST',
            line=4, end_line=4, column=7, end_column=14, occurrence=1)

    def test_multiline_async_generator_expression(self):
        snippet = textwrap.dedent("""\
            ((x,
                2*x)
                async for x
                in [1,2,3] if (x > 0
                               and x < 100
                               and x != 50))
            """)
        compiled_code, _ = self.check_positions_against_ast(snippet)
        compiled_code = compiled_code.co_consts[0]
        self.assertIsInstance(compiled_code, types.CodeType)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'YIELD_VALUE',
            line=1, end_line=2, column=1, end_column=8, occurrence=2)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'RETURN_CONST',
            line=1, end_line=6, column=0, end_column=32, occurrence=1)

    def test_multiline_list_comprehension(self):
        snippet = textwrap.dedent("""\
            [(x,
                2*x)
                for x
                in [1,2,3] if (x > 0
                               and x < 100
                               and x != 50)]
            """)
        compiled_code, _ = self.check_positions_against_ast(snippet)
        self.assertIsInstance(compiled_code, types.CodeType)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'LIST_APPEND',
            line=1, end_line=2, column=1, end_column=8, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'JUMP_BACKWARD',
            line=1, end_line=2, column=1, end_column=8, occurrence=1)

    def test_multiline_async_list_comprehension(self):
        snippet = textwrap.dedent("""\
            async def f():
                [(x,
                    2*x)
                    async for x
                    in [1,2,3] if (x > 0
                                   and x < 100
                                   and x != 50)]
            """)
        compiled_code, _ = self.check_positions_against_ast(snippet)
        g = {}
        eval(compiled_code, g)
        compiled_code = g['f'].__code__
        self.assertIsInstance(compiled_code, types.CodeType)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'LIST_APPEND',
            line=2, end_line=3, column=5, end_column=12, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'JUMP_BACKWARD',
            line=2, end_line=3, column=5, end_column=12, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'RETURN_CONST',
            line=2, end_line=7, column=4, end_column=36, occurrence=1)

    def test_multiline_set_comprehension(self):
        snippet = textwrap.dedent("""\
            {(x,
                2*x)
                for x
                in [1,2,3] if (x > 0
                               and x < 100
                               and x != 50)}
            """)
        compiled_code, _ = self.check_positions_against_ast(snippet)
        self.assertIsInstance(compiled_code, types.CodeType)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'SET_ADD',
            line=1, end_line=2, column=1, end_column=8, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'JUMP_BACKWARD',
            line=1, end_line=2, column=1, end_column=8, occurrence=1)

    def test_multiline_async_set_comprehension(self):
        snippet = textwrap.dedent("""\
            async def f():
                {(x,
                    2*x)
                    async for x
                    in [1,2,3] if (x > 0
                                   and x < 100
                                   and x != 50)}
            """)
        compiled_code, _ = self.check_positions_against_ast(snippet)
        g = {}
        eval(compiled_code, g)
        compiled_code = g['f'].__code__
        self.assertIsInstance(compiled_code, types.CodeType)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'SET_ADD',
            line=2, end_line=3, column=5, end_column=12, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'JUMP_BACKWARD',
            line=2, end_line=3, column=5, end_column=12, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'RETURN_CONST',
            line=2, end_line=7, column=4, end_column=36, occurrence=1)

    def test_multiline_dict_comprehension(self):
        snippet = textwrap.dedent("""\
            {x:
                2*x
                for x
                in [1,2,3] if (x > 0
                               and x < 100
                               and x != 50)}
            """)
        compiled_code, _ = self.check_positions_against_ast(snippet)
        self.assertIsInstance(compiled_code, types.CodeType)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'MAP_ADD',
            line=1, end_line=2, column=1, end_column=7, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'JUMP_BACKWARD',
            line=1, end_line=2, column=1, end_column=7, occurrence=1)

    def test_multiline_async_dict_comprehension(self):
        snippet = textwrap.dedent("""\
            async def f():
                {x:
                    2*x
                    async for x
                    in [1,2,3] if (x > 0
                                   and x < 100
                                   and x != 50)}
            """)
        compiled_code, _ = self.check_positions_against_ast(snippet)
        g = {}
        eval(compiled_code, g)
        compiled_code = g['f'].__code__
        self.assertIsInstance(compiled_code, types.CodeType)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'MAP_ADD',
            line=2, end_line=3, column=5, end_column=11, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'JUMP_BACKWARD',
            line=2, end_line=3, column=5, end_column=11, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'RETURN_CONST',
            line=2, end_line=7, column=4, end_column=36, occurrence=1)

    def test_matchcase_sequence(self):
        snippet = textwrap.dedent("""\
            match x:
                case a, b:
                    pass
            """)
        compiled_code, _ = self.check_positions_against_ast(snippet)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'MATCH_SEQUENCE',
            line=2, end_line=2, column=9, end_column=13, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'UNPACK_SEQUENCE',
            line=2, end_line=2, column=9, end_column=13, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'STORE_NAME',
            line=2, end_line=2, column=9, end_column=13, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'STORE_NAME',
            line=2, end_line=2, column=9, end_column=13, occurrence=2)

    def test_matchcase_sequence_wildcard(self):
        snippet = textwrap.dedent("""\
            match x:
                case a, *b, c:
                    pass
            """)
        compiled_code, _ = self.check_positions_against_ast(snippet)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'MATCH_SEQUENCE',
            line=2, end_line=2, column=9, end_column=17, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'UNPACK_EX',
            line=2, end_line=2, column=9, end_column=17, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'STORE_NAME',
            line=2, end_line=2, column=9, end_column=17, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'STORE_NAME',
            line=2, end_line=2, column=9, end_column=17, occurrence=2)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'STORE_NAME',
            line=2, end_line=2, column=9, end_column=17, occurrence=3)

    def test_matchcase_mapping(self):
        snippet = textwrap.dedent("""\
            match x:
                case {"a" : a, "b": b}:
                    pass
            """)
        compiled_code, _ = self.check_positions_against_ast(snippet)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'MATCH_MAPPING',
            line=2, end_line=2, column=9, end_column=26, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'MATCH_KEYS',
            line=2, end_line=2, column=9, end_column=26, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'STORE_NAME',
            line=2, end_line=2, column=9, end_column=26, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'STORE_NAME',
            line=2, end_line=2, column=9, end_column=26, occurrence=2)

    def test_matchcase_mapping_wildcard(self):
        snippet = textwrap.dedent("""\
            match x:
                case {"a" : a, "b": b, **c}:
                    pass
            """)
        compiled_code, _ = self.check_positions_against_ast(snippet)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'MATCH_MAPPING',
            line=2, end_line=2, column=9, end_column=31, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'MATCH_KEYS',
            line=2, end_line=2, column=9, end_column=31, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'STORE_NAME',
            line=2, end_line=2, column=9, end_column=31, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'STORE_NAME',
            line=2, end_line=2, column=9, end_column=31, occurrence=2)

    def test_matchcase_class(self):
        snippet = textwrap.dedent("""\
            match x:
                case C(a, b):
                    pass
            """)
        compiled_code, _ = self.check_positions_against_ast(snippet)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'MATCH_CLASS',
            line=2, end_line=2, column=9, end_column=16, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'UNPACK_SEQUENCE',
            line=2, end_line=2, column=9, end_column=16, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'STORE_NAME',
            line=2, end_line=2, column=9, end_column=16, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'STORE_NAME',
            line=2, end_line=2, column=9, end_column=16, occurrence=2)

    def test_matchcase_or(self):
        snippet = textwrap.dedent("""\
            match x:
                case C(1) | C(2):
                    pass
            """)
        compiled_code, _ = self.check_positions_against_ast(snippet)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'MATCH_CLASS',
            line=2, end_line=2, column=9, end_column=13, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'MATCH_CLASS',
            line=2, end_line=2, column=16, end_column=20, occurrence=2)

    def test_very_long_line_end_offset(self):
        # Make sure we get the correct column offset for offsets
        # too large to store in a byte.
        long_string = "a" * 1000
        snippet = f"g('{long_string}')"

        compiled_code, _ = self.check_positions_against_ast(snippet)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'CALL',
            line=1, end_line=1, column=0, end_column=1005)

    def test_complex_single_line_expression(self):
        snippet = "a - b @ (c * x['key'] + 23)"

        compiled_code, _ = self.check_positions_against_ast(snippet)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'BINARY_SUBSCR',
            line=1, end_line=1, column=13, end_column=21)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'BINARY_OP',
            line=1, end_line=1, column=9, end_column=21, occurrence=1)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'BINARY_OP',
            line=1, end_line=1, column=9, end_column=26, occurrence=2)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'BINARY_OP',
            line=1, end_line=1, column=4, end_column=27, occurrence=3)
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(compiled_code, 'BINARY_OP',
            line=1, end_line=1, column=0, end_column=27, occurrence=4)

    def test_multiline_assert_rewritten_as_method_call(self):
        # GH-94694: Don't crash if pytest rewrites a multiline assert as a
        # method call with the same location information:
        tree = ast.parse("assert (\n42\n)")
        old_node = tree.body[0]
        new_node = ast.Expr(
            ast.Call(
                ast.Attribute(
                    ast.Name("spam", ast.Load()),
                    "eggs",
                    ast.Load(),
                ),
                [],
                [],
            )
        )
        ast.copy_location(new_node, old_node)
        ast.fix_missing_locations(new_node)
        tree.body[0] = new_node
        compile(tree, "<test>", "exec")

    def test_push_null_load_global_positions(self):
        source_template = """
        import abc, dis
        import ast as art

        abc = None
        dix = dis
        ast = art

        def f():
        {}
        """
        for body in [
            "    abc.a()",
            "    art.a()",
            "    ast.a()",
            "    dis.a()",
            "    dix.a()",
            "    abc[...]()",
            "    art()()",
            "   (ast or ...)()",
            "   [dis]()",
            "   (dix + ...)()",
        ]:
            with self.subTest(body):
                namespace = {}
                source = textwrap.dedent(source_template.format(body))
                with warnings.catch_warnings():
                    warnings.simplefilter('ignore', SyntaxWarning)
                    exec(source, namespace)
                code = namespace["f"].__code__
                self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(
                    code,
                    "LOAD_GLOBAL",
                    line=10,
                    end_line=10,
                    column=4,
                    end_column=7,
                )

    def test_attribute_augassign(self):
        source = "(\n lhs  \n   .    \n     rhs      \n       ) += 42"
        code = compile(source, "<test>", "exec")
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(
            code, "LOAD_ATTR", line=4, end_line=4, column=5, end_column=8
        )
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(
            code, "STORE_ATTR", line=4, end_line=4, column=5, end_column=8
        )

    def test_attribute_del(self):
        source = "del (\n lhs  \n   .    \n     rhs      \n       )"
        code = compile(source, "<test>", "exec")
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(
            code, "DELETE_ATTR", line=4, end_line=4, column=5, end_column=8
        )

    def test_attribute_load(self):
        source = "(\n lhs  \n   .    \n     rhs      \n       )"
        code = compile(source, "<test>", "exec")
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(
            code, "LOAD_ATTR", line=4, end_line=4, column=5, end_column=8
        )

    def test_attribute_store(self):
        source = "(\n lhs  \n   .    \n     rhs      \n       ) = 42"
        code = compile(source, "<test>", "exec")
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(
            code, "STORE_ATTR", line=4, end_line=4, column=5, end_column=8
        )

    def test_method_call(self):
        source = "(\n lhs  \n   .    \n     rhs      \n       )()"
        code = compile(source, "<test>", "exec")
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(
            code, "LOAD_ATTR", line=4, end_line=4, column=5, end_column=8
        )
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(
            code, "CALL", line=4, end_line=5, column=5, end_column=10
        )

    def test_weird_attribute_position_regressions(self):
        def f():
            (bar.
        baz)
            (bar.
        baz(
        ))
            files().setdefault(
                0
            ).setdefault(
                0
            )
        for line, end_line, column, end_column in f.__code__.co_positions():
            self.assertIsNotNone(line)
            self.assertIsNotNone(end_line)
            self.assertIsNotNone(column)
            self.assertIsNotNone(end_column)
            self.assertLessEqual((line, column), (end_line, end_column))

    @support.cpython_only
    def test_column_offset_deduplication(self):
        # GH-95150: Code with different column offsets shouldn't be merged!
        for source in [
            "lambda: a",
            "(a for b in c)",
        ]:
            with self.subTest(source):
                code = compile(f"{source}, {source}", "<test>", "eval")
                self.assertEqual(len(code.co_consts), 2)
                self.assertIsInstance(code.co_consts[0], types.CodeType)
                self.assertIsInstance(code.co_consts[1], types.CodeType)
                self.assertNotEqual(code.co_consts[0], code.co_consts[1])
                self.assertNotEqual(
                    list(code.co_consts[0].co_positions()),
                    list(code.co_consts[1].co_positions()),
                )

    def test_load_super_attr(self):
        source = "class C:\n  def __init__(self):\n    super().__init__()"
        for const in compile(source, "<test>", "exec").co_consts[0].co_consts:
            if isinstance(const, types.CodeType):
                code = const
                break
        self.assertOpcodeSourcePositionIs(
            code, "LOAD_GLOBAL", line=3, end_line=3, column=4, end_column=9
        )

    def test_lambda_return_position(self):
        snippets = [
            "f = lambda: x",
            "f = lambda: 42",
            "f = lambda: 1 + 2",
            "f = lambda: a + b",
        ]
        for snippet in snippets:
            with self.subTest(snippet=snippet):
                lamb = run_code(snippet)["f"]
                positions = lamb.__code__.co_positions()
                # assert that all positions are within the lambda
                for i, pos in enumerate(positions):
                    with self.subTest(i=i, pos=pos):
                        start_line, end_line, start_col, end_col = pos
                        if i == 0 and start_col == end_col == 0:
                            # ignore the RESUME in the beginning
                            continue
                        self.assertEqual(start_line, 1)
                        self.assertEqual(end_line, 1)
                        code_start = snippet.find(":") + 2
                        code_end = len(snippet)
                        self.assertGreaterEqual(start_col, code_start)
                        self.assertLessEqual(end_col, code_end)
                        self.assertGreaterEqual(end_col, start_col)
                        self.assertLessEqual(end_col, code_end)

    def test_return_in_with_positions(self):
        # See gh-98442
        def f():
            with xyz:
                1
                2
                3
                4
                return R

        # All instructions should have locations on a single line
        for instr in dis.get_instructions(f):
            start_line, end_line, _, _ = instr.positions
            self.assertEqual(start_line, end_line)

        # Expect three load None instructions for the no-exception __exit__ call,
        # and one RETURN_VALUE.
        # They should all have the locations of the context manager ('xyz').

        load_none = [instr for instr in dis.get_instructions(f) if
                     instr.opname == 'LOAD_CONST' and instr.argval is None]
        return_value = [instr for instr in dis.get_instructions(f) if
                        instr.opname == 'RETURN_VALUE']

        self.assertEqual(len(load_none), 3)
        self.assertEqual(len(return_value), 1)
        for instr in load_none + return_value:
            start_line, end_line, start_col, end_col = instr.positions
            self.assertEqual(start_line, f.__code__.co_firstlineno + 1)
            self.assertEqual(end_line, f.__code__.co_firstlineno + 1)
            self.assertEqual(start_col, 17)
            self.assertEqual(end_col, 20)


class TestStaticAttributes(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_basic(self):
        class C:
            def f(self):
                self.a = self.b = 42
                # read fields are not included
                self.f()
                self.arr[3]

        self.assertIsInstance(C.__static_attributes__, tuple)
        self.assertEqual(sorted(C.__static_attributes__), ['a', 'b'])

    def test_nested_function(self):
        class C:
            def f(self):
                self.x = 1
                self.y = 2
                self.x = 3   # check deduplication

            def g(self, obj):
                self.y = 4
                self.z = 5

                def h(self, a):
                    self.u = 6
                    self.v = 7

                obj.self = 8

        self.assertEqual(sorted(C.__static_attributes__), ['u', 'v', 'x', 'y', 'z'])

    def test_nested_class(self):
        class C:
            def f(self):
                self.x = 42
                self.y = 42

            class D:
                def g(self):
                    self.y = 42
                    self.z = 42

        self.assertEqual(sorted(C.__static_attributes__), ['x', 'y'])
        self.assertEqual(sorted(C.D.__static_attributes__), ['y', 'z'])

    def test_subclass(self):
        class C:
            def f(self):
                self.x = 42
                self.y = 42

        class D(C):
            def g(self):
                self.y = 42
                self.z = 42

        self.assertEqual(sorted(C.__static_attributes__), ['x', 'y'])
        self.assertEqual(sorted(D.__static_attributes__), ['y', 'z'])


class TestExpressionStackSize(unittest.TestCase):
    # These tests check that the computed stack size for a code object
    # stays within reasonable bounds (see issue #21523 for an example
    # dysfunction).
    N = 100

    def check_stack_size(self, code):
        # To assert that the alleged stack size is not O(N), we
        # check that it is smaller than log(N).
        if isinstance(code, str):
            code = compile(code, "<foo>", "single")
        max_size = math.ceil(math.log(len(code.co_code)))
        self.assertLessEqual(code.co_stacksize, max_size)

    def test_and(self):
        self.check_stack_size("x and " * self.N + "x")

    def test_or(self):
        self.check_stack_size("x or " * self.N + "x")

    def test_and_or(self):
        self.check_stack_size("x and x or " * self.N + "x")

    def test_chained_comparison(self):
        self.check_stack_size("x < " * self.N + "x")

    def test_if_else(self):
        self.check_stack_size("x if x else " * self.N + "x")

    def test_binop(self):
        self.check_stack_size("x + " * self.N + "x")

    def test_list(self):
        self.check_stack_size("[" + "x, " * self.N + "x]")

    def test_tuple(self):
        self.check_stack_size("(" + "x, " * self.N + "x)")

    def test_set(self):
        self.check_stack_size("{" + "x, " * self.N + "x}")

    def test_dict(self):
        self.check_stack_size("{" + "x:x, " * self.N + "x:x}")

    def test_func_args(self):
        self.check_stack_size("f(" + "x, " * self.N + ")")

    def test_func_kwargs(self):
        kwargs = (f'a{i}=x' for i in range(self.N))
        self.check_stack_size("f(" +  ", ".join(kwargs) + ")")

    def test_meth_args(self):
        self.check_stack_size("o.m(" + "x, " * self.N + ")")

    def test_meth_kwargs(self):
        kwargs = (f'a{i}=x' for i in range(self.N))
        self.check_stack_size("o.m(" +  ", ".join(kwargs) + ")")

    def test_func_and(self):
        code = "def f(x):\n"
        code += "   x and x\n" * self.N
        self.check_stack_size(code)

    def test_stack_3050(self):
        M = 3050
        code = "x," * M + "=t"
        # This raised on 3.10.0 to 3.10.5
        compile(code, "<foo>", "single")

    def test_stack_3050_2(self):
        M = 3050
        args = ", ".join(f"arg{i}:type{i}" for i in range(M))
        code = f"def f({args}):\n  pass"
        # This raised on 3.10.0 to 3.10.5
        compile(code, "<foo>", "single")


class TestStackSizeStability(unittest.TestCase):
    # Check that repeating certain snippets doesn't increase the stack size
    # beyond what a single snippet requires.

    def check_stack_size(self, snippet, async_=False):
        def compile_snippet(i):
            ns = {}
            script = """def func():\n""" + i * snippet
            if async_:
                script = "async " + script
            code = compile(script, "<script>", "exec")
            exec(code, ns, ns)
            return ns['func'].__code__

        sizes = [compile_snippet(i).co_stacksize for i in range(2, 5)]
        if len(set(sizes)) != 1:
            import dis, io
            out = io.StringIO()
            dis.dis(compile_snippet(1), file=out)
            self.fail("stack sizes diverge with # of consecutive snippets: "
                      "%s\n%s\n%s" % (sizes, snippet, out.getvalue()))

    def test_if(self):
        snippet = """
            if x:
                a
            """
        self.check_stack_size(snippet)

    def test_if_else(self):
        snippet = """
            if x:
                a
            elif y:
                b
            else:
                c
            """
        self.check_stack_size(snippet)

    def test_try_except_bare(self):
        snippet = """
            try:
                a
            except:
                b
            """
        self.check_stack_size(snippet)

    def test_try_except_qualified(self):
        snippet = """
            try:
                a
            except ImportError:
                b
            except:
                c
            else:
                d
            """
        self.check_stack_size(snippet)

    def test_try_except_as(self):
        snippet = """
            try:
                a
            except ImportError as e:
                b
            except:
                c
            else:
                d
            """
        self.check_stack_size(snippet)

    def test_try_except_star_qualified(self):
        snippet = """
            try:
                a
            except* ImportError:
                b
            else:
                c
            """
        self.check_stack_size(snippet)

    def test_try_except_star_as(self):
        snippet = """
            try:
                a
            except* ImportError as e:
                b
            else:
                c
            """
        self.check_stack_size(snippet)

    def test_try_except_star_finally(self):
        snippet = """
                try:
                    a
                except* A:
                    b
                finally:
                    c
            """
        self.check_stack_size(snippet)

    def test_try_finally(self):
        snippet = """
                try:
                    a
                finally:
                    b
            """
        self.check_stack_size(snippet)

    def test_with(self):
        snippet = """
            with x as y:
                a
            """
        self.check_stack_size(snippet)

    def test_while_else(self):
        snippet = """
            while x:
                a
            else:
                b
            """
        self.check_stack_size(snippet)

    def test_for(self):
        snippet = """
            for x in y:
                a
            """
        self.check_stack_size(snippet)

    def test_for_else(self):
        snippet = """
            for x in y:
                a
            else:
                b
            """
        self.check_stack_size(snippet)

    def test_for_break_continue(self):
        snippet = """
            for x in y:
                if z:
                    break
                elif u:
                    continue
                else:
                    a
            else:
                b
            """
        self.check_stack_size(snippet)

    def test_for_break_continue_inside_try_finally_block(self):
        snippet = """
            for x in y:
                try:
                    if z:
                        break
                    elif u:
                        continue
                    else:
                        a
                finally:
                    f
            else:
                b
            """
        self.check_stack_size(snippet)

    def test_for_break_continue_inside_finally_block(self):
        snippet = """
            for x in y:
                try:
                    t
                finally:
                    if z:
                        break
                    elif u:
                        continue
                    else:
                        a
            else:
                b
            """
        self.check_stack_size(snippet)

    def test_for_break_continue_inside_except_block(self):
        snippet = """
            for x in y:
                try:
                    t
                except:
                    if z:
                        break
                    elif u:
                        continue
                    else:
                        a
            else:
                b
            """
        self.check_stack_size(snippet)

    def test_for_break_continue_inside_with_block(self):
        snippet = """
            for x in y:
                with c:
                    if z:
                        break
                    elif u:
                        continue
                    else:
                        a
            else:
                b
            """
        self.check_stack_size(snippet)

    def test_return_inside_try_finally_block(self):
        snippet = """
            try:
                if z:
                    return
                else:
                    a
            finally:
                f
            """
        self.check_stack_size(snippet)

    def test_return_inside_finally_block(self):
        snippet = """
            try:
                t
            finally:
                if z:
                    return
                else:
                    a
            """
        self.check_stack_size(snippet)

    def test_return_inside_except_block(self):
        snippet = """
            try:
                t
            except:
                if z:
                    return
                else:
                    a
            """
        self.check_stack_size(snippet)

    def test_return_inside_with_block(self):
        snippet = """
            with c:
                if z:
                    return
                else:
                    a
            """
        self.check_stack_size(snippet)

    def test_async_with(self):
        snippet = """
            async with x as y:
                a
            """
        self.check_stack_size(snippet, async_=True)

    def test_async_for(self):
        snippet = """
            async for x in y:
                a
            """
        self.check_stack_size(snippet, async_=True)

    def test_async_for_else(self):
        snippet = """
            async for x in y:
                a
            else:
                b
            """
        self.check_stack_size(snippet, async_=True)

    def test_for_break_continue_inside_async_with_block(self):
        snippet = """
            for x in y:
                async with c:
                    if z:
                        break
                    elif u:
                        continue
                    else:
                        a
            else:
                b
            """
        self.check_stack_size(snippet, async_=True)

    def test_return_inside_async_with_block(self):
        snippet = """
            async with c:
                if z:
                    return
                else:
                    a
            """
        self.check_stack_size(snippet, async_=True)

@support.cpython_only
@unittest.skipIf(_testinternalcapi is None, 'need _testinternalcapi module')
class TestInstructionSequence(unittest.TestCase):
    def compare_instructions(self, seq, expected):
        self.assertEqual([(opcode.opname[i[0]],) + i[1:] for i in seq.get_instructions()],
                         expected)

    def test_basics(self):
        seq = _testinternalcapi.new_instruction_sequence()

        def add_op(seq, opname, oparg, bl, bc=0, el=0, ec=0):
            seq.addop(opcode.opmap[opname], oparg, bl, bc, el, el)

        add_op(seq, 'LOAD_CONST', 1, 1)
        add_op(seq, 'JUMP', lbl1 := seq.new_label(), 2)
        add_op(seq, 'LOAD_CONST', 1, 3)
        add_op(seq, 'JUMP', lbl2 := seq.new_label(), 4)
        seq.use_label(lbl1)
        add_op(seq, 'LOAD_CONST', 2, 4)
        seq.use_label(lbl2)
        add_op(seq, 'RETURN_VALUE', 0, 3)

        expected = [('LOAD_CONST', 1, 1),
                    ('JUMP', 4, 2),
                    ('LOAD_CONST', 1, 3),
                    ('JUMP', 5, 4),
                    ('LOAD_CONST', 2, 4),
                    ('RETURN_VALUE', None, 3),
                   ]

        self.compare_instructions(seq, [ex + (0,0,0) for ex in expected])

    def test_nested(self):
        seq = _testinternalcapi.new_instruction_sequence()
        seq.addop(opcode.opmap['LOAD_CONST'], 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)
        nested = _testinternalcapi.new_instruction_sequence()
        nested.addop(opcode.opmap['LOAD_CONST'], 2, 2, 0, 0, 0)

        self.compare_instructions(seq, [('LOAD_CONST', 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)])
        self.compare_instructions(nested, [('LOAD_CONST', 2, 2, 0, 0, 0)])

        seq.add_nested(nested)
        self.compare_instructions(seq, [('LOAD_CONST', 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)])
        self.compare_instructions(seq.get_nested()[0], [('LOAD_CONST', 2, 2, 0, 0, 0)])

    def test_static_attributes_are_sorted(self):
        code = (
            'class T:\n'
            '    def __init__(self):\n'
            '        self.{V1} = 10\n'
            '        self.{V2} = 10\n'
            '    def foo(self):\n'
            '        self.{V3} = 10\n'
        )
        attributes = ("a", "b", "c")
        for perm in itertools.permutations(attributes):
            var_names = {f'V{i + 1}': name for i, name in enumerate(perm)}
            ns = run_code(code.format(**var_names))
            t = ns['T']
            self.assertEqual(t.__static_attributes__, attributes)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()