/* Python interpreter top-level routines, including init/exit */ #include "Python.h" #include "Python-ast.h" #undef Yield /* undefine macro conflicting with winbase.h */ #include "internal/pystate.h" #include "grammar.h" #include "node.h" #include "token.h" #include "parsetok.h" #include "errcode.h" #include "code.h" #include "symtable.h" #include "ast.h" #include "marshal.h" #include "osdefs.h" #include #ifdef HAVE_SIGNAL_H #include #endif #ifdef MS_WINDOWS #include "malloc.h" /* for alloca */ #endif #ifdef HAVE_LANGINFO_H #include #endif #ifdef MS_WINDOWS #undef BYTE #include "windows.h" extern PyTypeObject PyWindowsConsoleIO_Type; #define PyWindowsConsoleIO_Check(op) (PyObject_TypeCheck((op), &PyWindowsConsoleIO_Type)) #endif _Py_IDENTIFIER(flush); _Py_IDENTIFIER(name); _Py_IDENTIFIER(stdin); _Py_IDENTIFIER(stdout); _Py_IDENTIFIER(stderr); _Py_IDENTIFIER(threading); #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif extern grammar _PyParser_Grammar; /* From graminit.c */ /* Forward */ static _PyInitError add_main_module(PyInterpreterState *interp); static _PyInitError initfsencoding(PyInterpreterState *interp); static _PyInitError initsite(void); static _PyInitError init_sys_streams(void); static _PyInitError initsigs(void); static void call_py_exitfuncs(void); static void wait_for_thread_shutdown(void); static void call_ll_exitfuncs(void); extern int _PyUnicode_Init(void); extern int _PyStructSequence_Init(void); extern void _PyUnicode_Fini(void); extern int _PyLong_Init(void); extern void PyLong_Fini(void); extern _PyInitError _PyFaulthandler_Init(int enable); extern void _PyFaulthandler_Fini(void); extern void _PyHash_Fini(void); extern int _PyTraceMalloc_Init(int enable); extern int _PyTraceMalloc_Fini(void); extern void _Py_ReadyTypes(void); extern void _PyGILState_Init(PyInterpreterState *, PyThreadState *); extern void _PyGILState_Fini(void); _PyRuntimeState _PyRuntime = _PyRuntimeState_INIT; _PyInitError _PyRuntime_Initialize(void) { /* XXX We only initialize once in the process, which aligns with the static initialization of the former globals now found in _PyRuntime. However, _PyRuntime *should* be initialized with every Py_Initialize() call, but doing so breaks the runtime. This is because the runtime state is not properly finalized currently. */ static int initialized = 0; if (initialized) { return _Py_INIT_OK(); } initialized = 1; return _PyRuntimeState_Init(&_PyRuntime); } void _PyRuntime_Finalize(void) { _PyRuntimeState_Fini(&_PyRuntime); } int _Py_IsFinalizing(void) { return _PyRuntime.finalizing != NULL; } /* Global configuration variable declarations are in pydebug.h */ /* XXX (ncoghlan): move those declarations to pylifecycle.h? */ int Py_DebugFlag; /* Needed by parser.c */ int Py_VerboseFlag; /* Needed by import.c */ int Py_QuietFlag; /* Needed by sysmodule.c */ int Py_InteractiveFlag; /* Needed by Py_FdIsInteractive() below */ int Py_InspectFlag; /* Needed to determine whether to exit at SystemExit */ int Py_OptimizeFlag = 0; /* Needed by compile.c */ int Py_NoSiteFlag; /* Suppress 'import site' */ int Py_BytesWarningFlag; /* Warn on str(bytes) and str(buffer) */ int Py_FrozenFlag; /* Needed by getpath.c */ int Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag; /* e.g. PYTHONPATH, PYTHONHOME */ int Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag; /* Suppress writing bytecode files (*.pyc) */ int Py_NoUserSiteDirectory = 0; /* for -s and site.py */ int Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag = 0; /* Unbuffered binary std{in,out,err} */ int Py_HashRandomizationFlag = 0; /* for -R and PYTHONHASHSEED */ int Py_IsolatedFlag = 0; /* for -I, isolate from user's env */ #ifdef MS_WINDOWS int Py_LegacyWindowsFSEncodingFlag = 0; /* Uses mbcs instead of utf-8 */ int Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag = 0; /* Uses FileIO instead of WindowsConsoleIO */ #endif /* Hack to force loading of object files */ int (*_PyOS_mystrnicmp_hack)(const char *, const char *, Py_ssize_t) = \ PyOS_mystrnicmp; /* Python/pystrcmp.o */ /* PyModule_GetWarningsModule is no longer necessary as of 2.6 since _warnings is builtin. This API should not be used. */ PyObject * PyModule_GetWarningsModule(void) { return PyImport_ImportModule("warnings"); } /* APIs to access the initialization flags * * Can be called prior to Py_Initialize. */ int _Py_IsCoreInitialized(void) { return _PyRuntime.core_initialized; } int Py_IsInitialized(void) { return _PyRuntime.initialized; } /* Helper to allow an embedding application to override the normal * mechanism that attempts to figure out an appropriate IO encoding */ static char *_Py_StandardStreamEncoding = NULL; static char *_Py_StandardStreamErrors = NULL; int Py_SetStandardStreamEncoding(const char *encoding, const char *errors) { if (Py_IsInitialized()) { /* This is too late to have any effect */ return -1; } /* Can't call PyErr_NoMemory() on errors, as Python hasn't been * initialised yet. * * However, the raw memory allocators are initialised appropriately * as C static variables, so _PyMem_RawStrdup is OK even though * Py_Initialize hasn't been called yet. */ if (encoding) { _Py_StandardStreamEncoding = _PyMem_RawStrdup(encoding); if (!_Py_StandardStreamEncoding) { return -2; } } if (errors) { _Py_StandardStreamErrors = _PyMem_RawStrdup(errors); if (!_Py_StandardStreamErrors) { if (_Py_StandardStreamEncoding) { PyMem_RawFree(_Py_StandardStreamEncoding); } return -3; } } #ifdef MS_WINDOWS if (_Py_StandardStreamEncoding) { /* Overriding the stream encoding implies legacy streams */ Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag = 1; } #endif return 0; } /* Global initializations. Can be undone by Py_FinalizeEx(). Don't call this twice without an intervening Py_FinalizeEx() call. When initializations fail, a fatal error is issued and the function does not return. On return, the first thread and interpreter state have been created. Locking: you must hold the interpreter lock while calling this. (If the lock has not yet been initialized, that's equivalent to having the lock, but you cannot use multiple threads.) */ static char* get_codec_name(const char *encoding) { const char *name_utf8; char *name_str; PyObject *codec, *name = NULL; codec = _PyCodec_Lookup(encoding); if (!codec) goto error; name = _PyObject_GetAttrId(codec, &PyId_name); Py_CLEAR(codec); if (!name) goto error; name_utf8 = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(name); if (name_utf8 == NULL) goto error; name_str = _PyMem_RawStrdup(name_utf8); Py_DECREF(name); if (name_str == NULL) { PyErr_NoMemory(); return NULL; } return name_str; error: Py_XDECREF(codec); Py_XDECREF(name); return NULL; } static char* get_locale_encoding(void) { #if defined(HAVE_LANGINFO_H) && defined(CODESET) char* codeset = nl_langinfo(CODESET); if (!codeset || codeset[0] == '\0') { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "CODESET is not set or empty"); return NULL; } return get_codec_name(codeset); #elif defined(__ANDROID__) return get_codec_name("UTF-8"); #else PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_NotImplementedError); return NULL; #endif } static _PyInitError initimport(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject *sysmod) { PyObject *importlib; PyObject *impmod; PyObject *value; _PyInitError err; /* Import _importlib through its frozen version, _frozen_importlib. */ if (PyImport_ImportFrozenModule("_frozen_importlib") <= 0) { return _Py_INIT_ERR("can't import _frozen_importlib"); } else if (Py_VerboseFlag) { PySys_FormatStderr("import _frozen_importlib # frozen\n"); } importlib = PyImport_AddModule("_frozen_importlib"); if (importlib == NULL) { return _Py_INIT_ERR("couldn't get _frozen_importlib from sys.modules"); } interp->importlib = importlib; Py_INCREF(interp->importlib); interp->import_func = PyDict_GetItemString(interp->builtins, "__import__"); if (interp->import_func == NULL) return _Py_INIT_ERR("__import__ not found"); Py_INCREF(interp->import_func); /* Import the _imp module */ impmod = PyInit_imp(); if (impmod == NULL) { return _Py_INIT_ERR("can't import _imp"); } else if (Py_VerboseFlag) { PySys_FormatStderr("import _imp # builtin\n"); } if (_PyImport_SetModuleString("_imp", impmod) < 0) { return _Py_INIT_ERR("can't save _imp to sys.modules"); } /* Install importlib as the implementation of import */ value = PyObject_CallMethod(importlib, "_install", "OO", sysmod, impmod); if (value != NULL) { Py_DECREF(value); value = PyObject_CallMethod(importlib, "_install_external_importers", ""); } if (value == NULL) { PyErr_Print(); return _Py_INIT_ERR("importlib install failed"); } Py_DECREF(value); Py_DECREF(impmod); err = _PyImportZip_Init(); if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { return err; } return _Py_INIT_OK(); } static _PyInitError initexternalimport(PyInterpreterState *interp) { PyObject *value; value = PyObject_CallMethod(interp->importlib, "_install_external_importers", ""); if (value == NULL) { PyErr_Print(); return _Py_INIT_ERR("external importer setup failed"); } Py_DECREF(value); return _Py_INIT_OK(); } /* Helper functions to better handle the legacy C locale * * The legacy C locale assumes ASCII as the default text encoding, which * causes problems not only for the CPython runtime, but also other * components like GNU readline. * * Accordingly, when the CLI detects it, it attempts to coerce it to a * more capable UTF-8 based alternative as follows: * * if (_Py_LegacyLocaleDetected()) { * _Py_CoerceLegacyLocale(); * } * * See the documentation of the PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE setting for more details. * * Locale coercion also impacts the default error handler for the standard * streams: while the usual default is "strict", the default for the legacy * C locale and for any of the coercion target locales is "surrogateescape". */ int _Py_LegacyLocaleDetected(void) { #ifndef MS_WINDOWS /* On non-Windows systems, the C locale is considered a legacy locale */ /* XXX (ncoghlan): some platforms (notably Mac OS X) don't appear to treat * the POSIX locale as a simple alias for the C locale, so * we may also want to check for that explicitly. */ const char *ctype_loc = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL); return ctype_loc != NULL && strcmp(ctype_loc, "C") == 0; #else /* Windows uses code pages instead of locales, so no locale is legacy */ return 0; #endif } static const char *_C_LOCALE_WARNING = "Python runtime initialized with LC_CTYPE=C (a locale with default ASCII " "encoding), which may cause Unicode compatibility problems. Using C.UTF-8, " "C.utf8, or UTF-8 (if available) as alternative Unicode-compatible " "locales is recommended.\n"; static int _legacy_locale_warnings_enabled(void) { const char *coerce_c_locale = getenv("PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE"); return (coerce_c_locale != NULL && strncmp(coerce_c_locale, "warn", 5) == 0); } static void _emit_stderr_warning_for_legacy_locale(void) { if (_legacy_locale_warnings_enabled()) { if (_Py_LegacyLocaleDetected()) { fprintf(stderr, "%s", _C_LOCALE_WARNING); } } } typedef struct _CandidateLocale { const char *locale_name; /* The locale to try as a coercion target */ } _LocaleCoercionTarget; static _LocaleCoercionTarget _TARGET_LOCALES[] = { {"C.UTF-8"}, {"C.utf8"}, {"UTF-8"}, {NULL} }; static char * get_default_standard_stream_error_handler(void) { const char *ctype_loc = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL); if (ctype_loc != NULL) { /* "surrogateescape" is the default in the legacy C locale */ if (strcmp(ctype_loc, "C") == 0) { return "surrogateescape"; } #ifdef PY_COERCE_C_LOCALE /* "surrogateescape" is the default in locale coercion target locales */ const _LocaleCoercionTarget *target = NULL; for (target = _TARGET_LOCALES; target->locale_name; target++) { if (strcmp(ctype_loc, target->locale_name) == 0) { return "surrogateescape"; } } #endif } /* Otherwise return NULL to request the typical default error handler */ return NULL; } #ifdef PY_COERCE_C_LOCALE static const char *_C_LOCALE_COERCION_WARNING = "Python detected LC_CTYPE=C: LC_CTYPE coerced to %.20s (set another locale " "or PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 to disable this locale coercion behavior).\n"; static void _coerce_default_locale_settings(const _LocaleCoercionTarget *target) { const char *newloc = target->locale_name; /* Reset locale back to currently configured defaults */ _Py_SetLocaleFromEnv(LC_ALL); /* Set the relevant locale environment variable */ if (setenv("LC_CTYPE", newloc, 1)) { fprintf(stderr, "Error setting LC_CTYPE, skipping C locale coercion\n"); return; } if (_legacy_locale_warnings_enabled()) { fprintf(stderr, _C_LOCALE_COERCION_WARNING, newloc); } /* Reconfigure with the overridden environment variables */ _Py_SetLocaleFromEnv(LC_ALL); } #endif void _Py_CoerceLegacyLocale(void) { #ifdef PY_COERCE_C_LOCALE /* We ignore the Python -E and -I flags here, as the CLI needs to sort out * the locale settings *before* we try to do anything with the command * line arguments. For cross-platform debugging purposes, we also need * to give end users a way to force even scripts that are otherwise * isolated from their environment to use the legacy ASCII-centric C * locale. * * Ignoring -E and -I is safe from a security perspective, as we only use * the setting to turn *off* the implicit locale coercion, and anyone with * access to the process environment already has the ability to set * `LC_ALL=C` to override the C level locale settings anyway. */ const char *coerce_c_locale = getenv("PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE"); if (coerce_c_locale == NULL || strncmp(coerce_c_locale, "0", 2) != 0) { /* PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE is not set, or is set to something other than "0" */ const char *locale_override = getenv("LC_ALL"); if (locale_override == NULL || *locale_override == '\0') { /* LC_ALL is also not set (or is set to an empty string) */ const _LocaleCoercionTarget *target = NULL; for (target = _TARGET_LOCALES; target->locale_name; target++) { const char *new_locale = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, target->locale_name); if (new_locale != NULL) { #if !defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(__ANDROID__) && \ defined(HAVE_LANGINFO_H) && defined(CODESET) /* Also ensure that nl_langinfo works in this locale */ char *codeset = nl_langinfo(CODESET); if (!codeset || *codeset == '\0') { /* CODESET is not set or empty, so skip coercion */ new_locale = NULL; _Py_SetLocaleFromEnv(LC_CTYPE); continue; } #endif /* Successfully configured locale, so make it the default */ _coerce_default_locale_settings(target); return; } } } } /* No C locale warning here, as Py_Initialize will emit one later */ #endif } /* _Py_SetLocaleFromEnv() is a wrapper around setlocale(category, "") to * isolate the idiosyncrasies of different libc implementations. It reads the * appropriate environment variable and uses its value to select the locale for * 'category'. */ char * _Py_SetLocaleFromEnv(int category) { #ifdef __ANDROID__ const char *locale; const char **pvar; #ifdef PY_COERCE_C_LOCALE const char *coerce_c_locale; #endif const char *utf8_locale = "C.UTF-8"; const char *env_var_set[] = { "LC_ALL", "LC_CTYPE", "LANG", NULL, }; /* Android setlocale(category, "") doesn't check the environment variables * and incorrectly sets the "C" locale at API 24 and older APIs. We only * check the environment variables listed in env_var_set. */ for (pvar=env_var_set; *pvar; pvar++) { locale = getenv(*pvar); if (locale != NULL && *locale != '\0') { if (strcmp(locale, utf8_locale) == 0 || strcmp(locale, "en_US.UTF-8") == 0) { return setlocale(category, utf8_locale); } return setlocale(category, "C"); } } /* Android uses UTF-8, so explicitly set the locale to C.UTF-8 if none of * LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, or LANG is set to a non-empty string. * Quote from POSIX section "8.2 Internationalization Variables": * "4. If the LANG environment variable is not set or is set to the empty * string, the implementation-defined default locale shall be used." */ #ifdef PY_COERCE_C_LOCALE coerce_c_locale = getenv("PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE"); if (coerce_c_locale == NULL || strcmp(coerce_c_locale, "0") != 0) { /* Some other ported code may check the environment variables (e.g. in * extension modules), so we make sure that they match the locale * configuration */ if (setenv("LC_CTYPE", utf8_locale, 1)) { fprintf(stderr, "Warning: failed setting the LC_CTYPE " "environment variable to %s\n", utf8_locale); } } #endif return setlocale(category, utf8_locale); #else /* __ANDROID__ */ return setlocale(category, ""); #endif /* __ANDROID__ */ } /* Global initializations. Can be undone by Py_Finalize(). Don't call this twice without an intervening Py_Finalize() call. Every call to Py_InitializeCore, Py_Initialize or Py_InitializeEx must have a corresponding call to Py_Finalize. Locking: you must hold the interpreter lock while calling these APIs. (If the lock has not yet been initialized, that's equivalent to having the lock, but you cannot use multiple threads.) */ /* Begin interpreter initialization * * On return, the first thread and interpreter state have been created, * but the compiler, signal handling, multithreading and * multiple interpreter support, and codec infrastructure are not yet * available. * * The import system will support builtin and frozen modules only. * The only supported io is writing to sys.stderr * * If any operation invoked by this function fails, a fatal error is * issued and the function does not return. * * Any code invoked from this function should *not* assume it has access * to the Python C API (unless the API is explicitly listed as being * safe to call without calling Py_Initialize first) */ /* TODO: Progressively move functionality from Py_BeginInitialization to * Py_ReadConfig and Py_EndInitialization */ _PyInitError _Py_InitializeCore(const _PyCoreConfig *config) { PyInterpreterState *interp; PyThreadState *tstate; PyObject *bimod, *sysmod, *pstderr; _PyCoreConfig core_config = _PyCoreConfig_INIT; _PyMainInterpreterConfig preinit_config = _PyMainInterpreterConfig_INIT; _PyInitError err; err = _PyRuntime_Initialize(); if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { return err; } if (config != NULL) { core_config = *config; } if (_PyMem_SetupAllocators(core_config.allocator) < 0) { return _Py_INIT_ERR("Unknown PYTHONMALLOC allocator"); } if (_PyRuntime.initialized) { return _Py_INIT_ERR("main interpreter already initialized"); } if (_PyRuntime.core_initialized) { return _Py_INIT_ERR("runtime core already initialized"); } /* Py_Finalize leaves _Py_Finalizing set in order to help daemon * threads behave a little more gracefully at interpreter shutdown. * We clobber it here so the new interpreter can start with a clean * slate. * * However, this may still lead to misbehaviour if there are daemon * threads still hanging around from a previous Py_Initialize/Finalize * pair :( */ _PyRuntime.finalizing = NULL; #ifndef MS_WINDOWS /* Set up the LC_CTYPE locale, so we can obtain the locale's charset without having to switch locales. */ _Py_SetLocaleFromEnv(LC_CTYPE); _emit_stderr_warning_for_legacy_locale(); #endif err = _Py_HashRandomization_Init(&core_config); if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { return err; } if (!core_config.use_hash_seed || core_config.hash_seed) { /* Random or non-zero hash seed */ Py_HashRandomizationFlag = 1; } err = _PyInterpreterState_Enable(&_PyRuntime); if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { return err; } interp = PyInterpreterState_New(); if (interp == NULL) return _Py_INIT_ERR("can't make main interpreter"); interp->core_config = core_config; interp->config = preinit_config; tstate = PyThreadState_New(interp); if (tstate == NULL) return _Py_INIT_ERR("can't make first thread"); (void) PyThreadState_Swap(tstate); /* We can't call _PyEval_FiniThreads() in Py_FinalizeEx because destroying the GIL might fail when it is being referenced from another running thread (see issue #9901). Instead we destroy the previously created GIL here, which ensures that we can call Py_Initialize / Py_FinalizeEx multiple times. */ _PyEval_FiniThreads(); /* Auto-thread-state API */ _PyGILState_Init(interp, tstate); _Py_ReadyTypes(); if (!_PyFrame_Init()) return _Py_INIT_ERR("can't init frames"); if (!_PyLong_Init()) return _Py_INIT_ERR("can't init longs"); if (!PyByteArray_Init()) return _Py_INIT_ERR("can't init bytearray"); if (!_PyFloat_Init()) return _Py_INIT_ERR("can't init float"); PyObject *modules = PyDict_New(); if (modules == NULL) return _Py_INIT_ERR("can't make modules dictionary"); interp->modules = modules; err = _PySys_BeginInit(&sysmod); if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { return err; } interp->sysdict = PyModule_GetDict(sysmod); if (interp->sysdict == NULL) { return _Py_INIT_ERR("can't initialize sys dict"); } Py_INCREF(interp->sysdict); PyDict_SetItemString(interp->sysdict, "modules", modules); _PyImport_FixupBuiltin(sysmod, "sys", modules); /* Init Unicode implementation; relies on the codec registry */ if (_PyUnicode_Init() < 0) return _Py_INIT_ERR("can't initialize unicode"); if (_PyStructSequence_Init() < 0) return _Py_INIT_ERR("can't initialize structseq"); bimod = _PyBuiltin_Init(); if (bimod == NULL) return _Py_INIT_ERR("can't initialize builtins modules"); _PyImport_FixupBuiltin(bimod, "builtins", modules); interp->builtins = PyModule_GetDict(bimod); if (interp->builtins == NULL) return _Py_INIT_ERR("can't initialize builtins dict"); Py_INCREF(interp->builtins); /* initialize builtin exceptions */ _PyExc_Init(bimod); /* Set up a preliminary stderr printer until we have enough infrastructure for the io module in place. */ pstderr = PyFile_NewStdPrinter(fileno(stderr)); if (pstderr == NULL) return _Py_INIT_ERR("can't set preliminary stderr"); _PySys_SetObjectId(&PyId_stderr, pstderr); PySys_SetObject("__stderr__", pstderr); Py_DECREF(pstderr); err = _PyImport_Init(); if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { return err; } err = _PyImportHooks_Init(); if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { return err; } /* Initialize _warnings. */ if (_PyWarnings_InitWithConfig(&interp->core_config) == NULL) { return _Py_INIT_ERR("can't initialize warnings"); } /* This call sets up builtin and frozen import support */ if (!interp->core_config._disable_importlib) { err = initimport(interp, sysmod); if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { return err; } } /* Only when we get here is the runtime core fully initialized */ _PyRuntime.core_initialized = 1; return _Py_INIT_OK(); } /* Read configuration settings from standard locations * * This function doesn't make any changes to the interpreter state - it * merely populates any missing configuration settings. This allows an * embedding application to completely override a config option by * setting it before calling this function, or else modify the default * setting before passing the fully populated config to Py_EndInitialization. * * More advanced selective initialization tricks are possible by calling * this function multiple times with various preconfigured settings. */ _PyInitError _PyMainInterpreterConfig_Read(_PyMainInterpreterConfig *config) { /* Signal handlers are installed by default */ if (config->install_signal_handlers < 0) { config->install_signal_handlers = 1; } if (config->program_name == NULL) { config->program_name = _PyMem_RawWcsdup(Py_GetProgramName()); if (config->program_name == NULL) { return _Py_INIT_NO_MEMORY(); } } return _Py_INIT_OK(); } void _PyMainInterpreterConfig_Clear(_PyMainInterpreterConfig *config) { #define CLEAR(ATTR) \ do { \ PyMem_RawFree(ATTR); \ ATTR = NULL; \ } while (0) CLEAR(config->module_search_path_env); CLEAR(config->home); CLEAR(config->program_name); #undef CLEAR } /* Update interpreter state based on supplied configuration settings * * After calling this function, most of the restrictions on the interpreter * are lifted. The only remaining incomplete settings are those related * to the main module (sys.argv[0], __main__ metadata) * * Calling this when the interpreter is not initializing, is already * initialized or without a valid current thread state is a fatal error. * Other errors should be reported as normal Python exceptions with a * non-zero return code. */ _PyInitError _Py_InitializeMainInterpreter(const _PyMainInterpreterConfig *config) { PyInterpreterState *interp; PyThreadState *tstate; _PyInitError err; if (!_PyRuntime.core_initialized) { return _Py_INIT_ERR("runtime core not initialized"); } if (_PyRuntime.initialized) { return _Py_INIT_ERR("main interpreter already initialized"); } /* Get current thread state and interpreter pointer */ tstate = PyThreadState_GET(); if (!tstate) return _Py_INIT_ERR("failed to read thread state"); interp = tstate->interp; if (!interp) return _Py_INIT_ERR("failed to get interpreter"); /* Now finish configuring the main interpreter */ interp->config = *config; if (interp->core_config._disable_importlib) { /* Special mode for freeze_importlib: run with no import system * * This means anything which needs support from extension modules * or pure Python code in the standard library won't work. */ _PyRuntime.initialized = 1; return _Py_INIT_OK(); } /* TODO: Report exceptions rather than fatal errors below here */ if (_PyTime_Init() < 0) return _Py_INIT_ERR("can't initialize time"); /* GetPath may initialize state that _PySys_EndInit locks in, and so has to be called first. */ err = _PyPathConfig_Init(&interp->config); if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { return err; } wchar_t *sys_path = Py_GetPath(); /* Finish setting up the sys module and import system */ PySys_SetPath(sys_path); if (_PySys_EndInit(interp->sysdict) < 0) return _Py_INIT_ERR("can't finish initializing sys"); err = initexternalimport(interp); if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { return err; } /* initialize the faulthandler module */ err = _PyFaulthandler_Init(interp->core_config.faulthandler); if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { return err; } err = initfsencoding(interp); if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { return err; } if (interp->config.install_signal_handlers) { err = initsigs(); /* Signal handling stuff, including initintr() */ if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { return err; } } if (_PyTraceMalloc_Init(interp->core_config.tracemalloc) < 0) return _Py_INIT_ERR("can't initialize tracemalloc"); err = add_main_module(interp); if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { return err; } err = init_sys_streams(); if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { return err; } /* Initialize warnings. */ if (PySys_HasWarnOptions()) { PyObject *warnings_module = PyImport_ImportModule("warnings"); if (warnings_module == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "'import warnings' failed; traceback:\n"); PyErr_Print(); } Py_XDECREF(warnings_module); } _PyRuntime.initialized = 1; if (!Py_NoSiteFlag) { err = initsite(); /* Module site */ if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { return err; } } return _Py_INIT_OK(); } #undef _INIT_DEBUG_PRINT _PyInitError _Py_InitializeEx_Private(int install_sigs, int install_importlib) { _PyCoreConfig core_config = _PyCoreConfig_INIT; _PyMainInterpreterConfig config = _PyMainInterpreterConfig_INIT; _PyInitError err; /* TODO: Moar config options! */ core_config.ignore_environment = Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag; core_config._disable_importlib = !install_importlib; config.install_signal_handlers = install_sigs; err = _Py_InitializeCore(&core_config); if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { return err; } /* TODO: Print any exceptions raised by these operations */ err = _PyMainInterpreterConfig_Read(&config); if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { return err; } err = _Py_InitializeMainInterpreter(&config); if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { return err; } return _Py_INIT_OK(); } void Py_InitializeEx(int install_sigs) { _PyInitError err = _Py_InitializeEx_Private(install_sigs, 1); if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { _Py_FatalInitError(err); } } void Py_Initialize(void) { Py_InitializeEx(1); } #ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS extern void dump_counts(FILE*); #endif /* Flush stdout and stderr */ static int file_is_closed(PyObject *fobj) { int r; PyObject *tmp = PyObject_GetAttrString(fobj, "closed"); if (tmp == NULL) { PyErr_Clear(); return 0; } r = PyObject_IsTrue(tmp); Py_DECREF(tmp); if (r < 0) PyErr_Clear(); return r > 0; } static int flush_std_files(void) { PyObject *fout = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_stdout); PyObject *ferr = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_stderr); PyObject *tmp; int status = 0; if (fout != NULL && fout != Py_None && !file_is_closed(fout)) { tmp = _PyObject_CallMethodId(fout, &PyId_flush, NULL); if (tmp == NULL) { PyErr_WriteUnraisable(fout); status = -1; } else Py_DECREF(tmp); } if (ferr != NULL && ferr != Py_None && !file_is_closed(ferr)) { tmp = _PyObject_CallMethodId(ferr, &PyId_flush, NULL); if (tmp == NULL) { PyErr_Clear(); status = -1; } else Py_DECREF(tmp); } return status; } /* Undo the effect of Py_Initialize(). Beware: if multiple interpreter and/or thread states exist, these are not wiped out; only the current thread and interpreter state are deleted. But since everything else is deleted, those other interpreter and thread states should no longer be used. (XXX We should do better, e.g. wipe out all interpreters and threads.) Locking: as above. */ int Py_FinalizeEx(void) { PyInterpreterState *interp; PyThreadState *tstate; int status = 0; if (!_PyRuntime.initialized) return status; wait_for_thread_shutdown(); /* The interpreter is still entirely intact at this point, and the * exit funcs may be relying on that. In particular, if some thread * or exit func is still waiting to do an import, the import machinery * expects Py_IsInitialized() to return true. So don't say the * interpreter is uninitialized until after the exit funcs have run. * Note that Threading.py uses an exit func to do a join on all the * threads created thru it, so this also protects pending imports in * the threads created via Threading. */ call_py_exitfuncs(); /* Get current thread state and interpreter pointer */ tstate = PyThreadState_GET(); interp = tstate->interp; /* Remaining threads (e.g. daemon threads) will automatically exit after taking the GIL (in PyEval_RestoreThread()). */ _PyRuntime.finalizing = tstate; _PyRuntime.initialized = 0; _PyRuntime.core_initialized = 0; /* Flush sys.stdout and sys.stderr */ if (flush_std_files() < 0) { status = -1; } /* Disable signal handling */ PyOS_FiniInterrupts(); /* Collect garbage. This may call finalizers; it's nice to call these * before all modules are destroyed. * XXX If a __del__ or weakref callback is triggered here, and tries to * XXX import a module, bad things can happen, because Python no * XXX longer believes it's initialized. * XXX Fatal Python error: Interpreter not initialized (version mismatch?) * XXX is easy to provoke that way. I've also seen, e.g., * XXX Exception exceptions.ImportError: 'No module named sha' * XXX in ignored * XXX but I'm unclear on exactly how that one happens. In any case, * XXX I haven't seen a real-life report of either of these. */ _PyGC_CollectIfEnabled(); #ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS /* With COUNT_ALLOCS, it helps to run GC multiple times: each collection might release some types from the type list, so they become garbage. */ while (_PyGC_CollectIfEnabled() > 0) /* nothing */; #endif /* Destroy all modules */ PyImport_Cleanup(); /* Flush sys.stdout and sys.stderr (again, in case more was printed) */ if (flush_std_files() < 0) { status = -1; } /* Collect final garbage. This disposes of cycles created by * class definitions, for example. * XXX This is disabled because it caused too many problems. If * XXX a __del__ or weakref callback triggers here, Python code has * XXX a hard time running, because even the sys module has been * XXX cleared out (sys.stdout is gone, sys.excepthook is gone, etc). * XXX One symptom is a sequence of information-free messages * XXX coming from threads (if a __del__ or callback is invoked, * XXX other threads can execute too, and any exception they encounter * XXX triggers a comedy of errors as subsystem after subsystem * XXX fails to find what it *expects* to find in sys to help report * XXX the exception and consequent unexpected failures). I've also * XXX seen segfaults then, after adding print statements to the * XXX Python code getting called. */ #if 0 _PyGC_CollectIfEnabled(); #endif /* Disable tracemalloc after all Python objects have been destroyed, so it is possible to use tracemalloc in objects destructor. */ _PyTraceMalloc_Fini(); /* Destroy the database used by _PyImport_{Fixup,Find}Extension */ _PyImport_Fini(); /* Cleanup typeobject.c's internal caches. */ _PyType_Fini(); /* unload faulthandler module */ _PyFaulthandler_Fini(); /* Debugging stuff */ #ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS dump_counts(stderr); #endif /* dump hash stats */ _PyHash_Fini(); #ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG if (interp->core_config.show_ref_count) { _PyDebug_PrintTotalRefs(); } #endif #ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS /* Display all objects still alive -- this can invoke arbitrary * __repr__ overrides, so requires a mostly-intact interpreter. * Alas, a lot of stuff may still be alive now that will be cleaned * up later. */ if (Py_GETENV("PYTHONDUMPREFS")) _Py_PrintReferences(stderr); #endif /* Py_TRACE_REFS */ /* Clear interpreter state and all thread states. */ PyInterpreterState_Clear(interp); /* Now we decref the exception classes. After this point nothing can raise an exception. That's okay, because each Fini() method below has been checked to make sure no exceptions are ever raised. */ _PyExc_Fini(); /* Sundry finalizers */ PyMethod_Fini(); PyFrame_Fini(); PyCFunction_Fini(); PyTuple_Fini(); PyList_Fini(); PySet_Fini(); PyBytes_Fini(); PyByteArray_Fini(); PyLong_Fini(); PyFloat_Fini(); PyDict_Fini(); PySlice_Fini(); _PyGC_Fini(); _Py_HashRandomization_Fini(); _PyArg_Fini(); PyAsyncGen_Fini(); /* Cleanup Unicode implementation */ _PyUnicode_Fini(); /* reset file system default encoding */ if (!Py_HasFileSystemDefaultEncoding && Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding) { PyMem_RawFree((char*)Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding); Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding = NULL; } /* XXX Still allocated: - various static ad-hoc pointers to interned strings - int and float free list blocks - whatever various modules and libraries allocate */ PyGrammar_RemoveAccelerators(&_PyParser_Grammar); /* Cleanup auto-thread-state */ _PyGILState_Fini(); /* Delete current thread. After this, many C API calls become crashy. */ PyThreadState_Swap(NULL); PyInterpreterState_Delete(interp); #ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS /* Display addresses (& refcnts) of all objects still alive. * An address can be used to find the repr of the object, printed * above by _Py_PrintReferences. */ if (Py_GETENV("PYTHONDUMPREFS")) _Py_PrintReferenceAddresses(stderr); #endif /* Py_TRACE_REFS */ #ifdef WITH_PYMALLOC if (_PyMem_PymallocEnabled()) { char *opt = Py_GETENV("PYTHONMALLOCSTATS"); if (opt != NULL && *opt != '\0') _PyObject_DebugMallocStats(stderr); } #endif call_ll_exitfuncs(); _PyPathConfig_Fini(); _PyRuntime_Finalize(); return status; } void Py_Finalize(void) { Py_FinalizeEx(); } /* Create and initialize a new interpreter and thread, and return the new thread. This requires that Py_Initialize() has been called first. Unsuccessful initialization yields a NULL pointer. Note that *no* exception information is available even in this case -- the exception information is held in the thread, and there is no thread. Locking: as above. */ static _PyInitError new_interpreter(PyThreadState **tstate_p) { PyInterpreterState *interp; PyThreadState *tstate, *save_tstate; PyObject *bimod, *sysmod; _PyInitError err; if (!_PyRuntime.initialized) { return _Py_INIT_ERR("Py_Initialize must be called first"); } /* Issue #10915, #15751: The GIL API doesn't work with multiple interpreters: disable PyGILState_Check(). */ _PyGILState_check_enabled = 0; interp = PyInterpreterState_New(); if (interp == NULL) { *tstate_p = NULL; return _Py_INIT_OK(); } tstate = PyThreadState_New(interp); if (tstate == NULL) { PyInterpreterState_Delete(interp); *tstate_p = NULL; return _Py_INIT_OK(); } save_tstate = PyThreadState_Swap(tstate); /* Copy the current interpreter config into the new interpreter */ if (save_tstate != NULL) { interp->core_config = save_tstate->interp->core_config; interp->config = save_tstate->interp->config; } else { /* No current thread state, copy from the main interpreter */ PyInterpreterState *main_interp = PyInterpreterState_Main(); interp->core_config = main_interp->core_config; interp->config = main_interp->config; } err = _PyPathConfig_Init(&interp->config); if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { return err; } wchar_t *sys_path = Py_GetPath(); /* XXX The following is lax in error checking */ PyObject *modules = PyDict_New(); if (modules == NULL) { return _Py_INIT_ERR("can't make modules dictionary"); } interp->modules = modules; sysmod = _PyImport_FindBuiltin("sys", modules); if (sysmod != NULL) { interp->sysdict = PyModule_GetDict(sysmod); if (interp->sysdict == NULL) goto handle_error; Py_INCREF(interp->sysdict); PyDict_SetItemString(interp->sysdict, "modules", modules); PySys_SetPath(sys_path); _PySys_EndInit(interp->sysdict); } bimod = _PyImport_FindBuiltin("builtins", modules); if (bimod != NULL) { interp->builtins = PyModule_GetDict(bimod); if (interp->builtins == NULL) goto handle_error; Py_INCREF(interp->builtins); } /* initialize builtin exceptions */ _PyExc_Init(bimod); if (bimod != NULL && sysmod != NULL) { PyObject *pstderr; /* Set up a preliminary stderr printer until we have enough infrastructure for the io module in place. */ pstderr = PyFile_NewStdPrinter(fileno(stderr)); if (pstderr == NULL) { return _Py_INIT_ERR("can't set preliminary stderr"); } _PySys_SetObjectId(&PyId_stderr, pstderr); PySys_SetObject("__stderr__", pstderr); Py_DECREF(pstderr); err = _PyImportHooks_Init(); if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { return err; } err = initimport(interp, sysmod); if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { return err; } err = initexternalimport(interp); if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { return err; } err = initfsencoding(interp); if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { return err; } err = init_sys_streams(); if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { return err; } err = add_main_module(interp); if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { return err; } if (!Py_NoSiteFlag) { err = initsite(); if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { return err; } } } if (PyErr_Occurred()) { goto handle_error; } *tstate_p = tstate; return _Py_INIT_OK(); handle_error: /* Oops, it didn't work. Undo it all. */ PyErr_PrintEx(0); PyThreadState_Clear(tstate); PyThreadState_Swap(save_tstate); PyThreadState_Delete(tstate); PyInterpreterState_Delete(interp); *tstate_p = NULL; return _Py_INIT_OK(); } PyThreadState * Py_NewInterpreter(void) { PyThreadState *tstate; _PyInitError err = new_interpreter(&tstate); if (_Py_INIT_FAILED(err)) { _Py_FatalInitError(err); } return tstate; } /* Delete an interpreter and its last thread. This requires that the given thread state is current, that the thread has no remaining frames, and that it is its interpreter's only remaining thread. It is a fatal error to violate these constraints. (Py_FinalizeEx() doesn't have these constraints -- it zaps everything, regardless.) Locking: as above. */ void Py_EndInterpreter(PyThreadState *tstate) { PyInterpreterState *interp = tstate->interp; if (tstate != PyThreadState_GET()) Py_FatalError("Py_EndInterpreter: thread is not current"); if (tstate->frame != NULL) Py_FatalError("Py_EndInterpreter: thread still has a frame"); wait_for_thread_shutdown(); if (tstate != interp->tstate_head || tstate->next != NULL) Py_FatalError("Py_EndInterpreter: not the last thread"); PyImport_Cleanup(); PyInterpreterState_Clear(interp); PyThreadState_Swap(NULL); PyInterpreterState_Delete(interp); } #ifdef MS_WINDOWS static wchar_t *progname = L"python"; #else static wchar_t *progname = L"python3"; #endif void Py_SetProgramName(wchar_t *pn) { if (pn && *pn) progname = pn; } wchar_t * Py_GetProgramName(void) { return progname; } static wchar_t *default_home = NULL; void Py_SetPythonHome(wchar_t *home) { default_home = home; } wchar_t* Py_GetPythonHome(void) { /* Use a static buffer to avoid heap memory allocation failure. Py_GetPythonHome() doesn't allow to report error, and the caller doesn't release memory. */ static wchar_t buffer[MAXPATHLEN+1]; if (default_home) { return default_home; } char *home = Py_GETENV("PYTHONHOME"); if (!home) { return NULL; } size_t size = Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(buffer); size_t r = mbstowcs(buffer, home, size); if (r == (size_t)-1 || r >= size) { /* conversion failed or the static buffer is too small */ return NULL; } return buffer; } /* Add the __main__ module */ static _PyInitError add_main_module(PyInterpreterState *interp) { PyObject *m, *d, *loader, *ann_dict; m = PyImport_AddModule("__main__"); if (m == NULL) return _Py_INIT_ERR("can't create __main__ module"); d = PyModule_GetDict(m); ann_dict = PyDict_New(); if ((ann_dict == NULL) || (PyDict_SetItemString(d, "__annotations__", ann_dict) < 0)) { return _Py_INIT_ERR("Failed to initialize __main__.__annotations__"); } Py_DECREF(ann_dict); if (PyDict_GetItemString(d, "__builtins__") == NULL) { PyObject *bimod = PyImport_ImportModule("builtins"); if (bimod == NULL) { return _Py_INIT_ERR("Failed to retrieve builtins module"); } if (PyDict_SetItemString(d, "__builtins__", bimod) < 0) { return _Py_INIT_ERR("Failed to initialize __main__.__builtins__"); } Py_DECREF(bimod); } /* Main is a little special - imp.is_builtin("__main__") will return * False, but BuiltinImporter is still the most appropriate initial * setting for its __loader__ attribute. A more suitable value will * be set if __main__ gets further initialized later in the startup * process. */ loader = PyDict_GetItemString(d, "__loader__"); if (loader == NULL || loader == Py_None) { PyObject *loader = PyObject_GetAttrString(interp->importlib, "BuiltinImporter"); if (loader == NULL) { return _Py_INIT_ERR("Failed to retrieve BuiltinImporter"); } if (PyDict_SetItemString(d, "__loader__", loader) < 0) { return _Py_INIT_ERR("Failed to initialize __main__.__loader__"); } Py_DECREF(loader); } return _Py_INIT_OK(); } static _PyInitError initfsencoding(PyInterpreterState *interp) { PyObject *codec; #ifdef MS_WINDOWS if (Py_LegacyWindowsFSEncodingFlag) { Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding = "mbcs"; Py_FileSystemDefaultEncodeErrors = "replace"; } else { Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding = "utf-8"; Py_FileSystemDefaultEncodeErrors = "surrogatepass"; } #else if (Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding == NULL) { Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding = get_locale_encoding(); if (Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding == NULL) { return _Py_INIT_ERR("Unable to get the locale encoding"); } Py_HasFileSystemDefaultEncoding = 0; interp->fscodec_initialized = 1; return _Py_INIT_OK(); } #endif /* the encoding is mbcs, utf-8 or ascii */ codec = _PyCodec_Lookup(Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding); if (!codec) { /* Such error can only occurs in critical situations: no more * memory, import a module of the standard library failed, * etc. */ return _Py_INIT_ERR("unable to load the file system codec"); } Py_DECREF(codec); interp->fscodec_initialized = 1; return _Py_INIT_OK(); } /* Import the site module (not into __main__ though) */ static _PyInitError initsite(void) { PyObject *m; m = PyImport_ImportModule("site"); if (m == NULL) { return _Py_INIT_USER_ERR("Failed to import the site module"); } Py_DECREF(m); return _Py_INIT_OK(); } /* Check if a file descriptor is valid or not. Return 0 if the file descriptor is invalid, return non-zero otherwise. */ static int is_valid_fd(int fd) { #ifdef __APPLE__ /* bpo-30225: On macOS Tiger, when stdout is redirected to a pipe and the other side of the pipe is closed, dup(1) succeed, whereas fstat(1, &st) fails with EBADF. Prefer fstat() over dup() to detect such error. */ struct stat st; return (fstat(fd, &st) == 0); #else int fd2; if (fd < 0) return 0; _Py_BEGIN_SUPPRESS_IPH /* Prefer dup() over fstat(). fstat() can require input/output whereas dup() doesn't, there is a low risk of EMFILE/ENFILE at Python startup. */ fd2 = dup(fd); if (fd2 >= 0) close(fd2); _Py_END_SUPPRESS_IPH return fd2 >= 0; #endif } /* returns Py_None if the fd is not valid */ static PyObject* create_stdio(PyObject* io, int fd, int write_mode, const char* name, const char* encoding, const char* errors) { PyObject *buf = NULL, *stream = NULL, *text = NULL, *raw = NULL, *res; const char* mode; const char* newline; PyObject *line_buffering, *write_through; int buffering, isatty; _Py_IDENTIFIER(open); _Py_IDENTIFIER(isatty); _Py_IDENTIFIER(TextIOWrapper); _Py_IDENTIFIER(mode); if (!is_valid_fd(fd)) Py_RETURN_NONE; /* stdin is always opened in buffered mode, first because it shouldn't make a difference in common use cases, second because TextIOWrapper depends on the presence of a read1() method which only exists on buffered streams. */ if (Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag && write_mode) buffering = 0; else buffering = -1; if (write_mode) mode = "wb"; else mode = "rb"; buf = _PyObject_CallMethodId(io, &PyId_open, "isiOOOi", fd, mode, buffering, Py_None, Py_None, /* encoding, errors */ Py_None, 0); /* newline, closefd */ if (buf == NULL) goto error; if (buffering) { _Py_IDENTIFIER(raw); raw = _PyObject_GetAttrId(buf, &PyId_raw); if (raw == NULL) goto error; } else { raw = buf; Py_INCREF(raw); } #ifdef MS_WINDOWS /* Windows console IO is always UTF-8 encoded */ if (PyWindowsConsoleIO_Check(raw)) encoding = "utf-8"; #endif text = PyUnicode_FromString(name); if (text == NULL || _PyObject_SetAttrId(raw, &PyId_name, text) < 0) goto error; res = _PyObject_CallMethodId(raw, &PyId_isatty, NULL); if (res == NULL) goto error; isatty = PyObject_IsTrue(res); Py_DECREF(res); if (isatty == -1) goto error; if (Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag) write_through = Py_True; else write_through = Py_False; if (isatty && !Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag) line_buffering = Py_True; else line_buffering = Py_False; Py_CLEAR(raw); Py_CLEAR(text); #ifdef MS_WINDOWS /* sys.stdin: enable universal newline mode, translate "\r\n" and "\r" newlines to "\n". sys.stdout and sys.stderr: translate "\n" to "\r\n". */ newline = NULL; #else /* sys.stdin: split lines at "\n". sys.stdout and sys.stderr: don't translate newlines (use "\n"). */ newline = "\n"; #endif stream = _PyObject_CallMethodId(io, &PyId_TextIOWrapper, "OsssOO", buf, encoding, errors, newline, line_buffering, write_through); Py_CLEAR(buf); if (stream == NULL) goto error; if (write_mode) mode = "w"; else mode = "r"; text = PyUnicode_FromString(mode); if (!text || _PyObject_SetAttrId(stream, &PyId_mode, text) < 0) goto error; Py_CLEAR(text); return stream; error: Py_XDECREF(buf); Py_XDECREF(stream); Py_XDECREF(text); Py_XDECREF(raw); if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_OSError) && !is_valid_fd(fd)) { /* Issue #24891: the file descriptor was closed after the first is_valid_fd() check was called. Ignore the OSError and set the stream to None. */ PyErr_Clear(); Py_RETURN_NONE; } return NULL; } /* Initialize sys.stdin, stdout, stderr and builtins.open */ static _PyInitError init_sys_streams(void) { PyObject *iomod = NULL, *wrapper; PyObject *bimod = NULL; PyObject *m; PyObject *std = NULL; int fd; PyObject * encoding_attr; char *pythonioencoding = NULL, *encoding, *errors; _PyInitError res = _Py_INIT_OK(); /* Hack to avoid a nasty recursion issue when Python is invoked in verbose mode: pre-import the Latin-1 and UTF-8 codecs */ if ((m = PyImport_ImportModule("encodings.utf_8")) == NULL) { goto error; } Py_DECREF(m); if (!(m = PyImport_ImportModule("encodings.latin_1"))) { goto error; } Py_DECREF(m); if (!(bimod = PyImport_ImportModule("builtins"))) { goto error; } if (!(iomod = PyImport_ImportModule("io"))) { goto error; } if (!(wrapper = PyObject_GetAttrString(iomod, "OpenWrapper"))) { goto error; } /* Set builtins.open */ if (PyObject_SetAttrString(bimod, "open", wrapper) == -1) { Py_DECREF(wrapper); goto error; } Py_DECREF(wrapper); encoding = _Py_StandardStreamEncoding; errors = _Py_StandardStreamErrors; if (!encoding || !errors) { pythonioencoding = Py_GETENV("PYTHONIOENCODING"); if (pythonioencoding) { char *err; pythonioencoding = _PyMem_Strdup(pythonioencoding); if (pythonioencoding == NULL) { PyErr_NoMemory(); goto error; } err = strchr(pythonioencoding, ':'); if (err) { *err = '\0'; err++; if (*err && !errors) { errors = err; } } if (*pythonioencoding && !encoding) { encoding = pythonioencoding; } } if (!errors && !(pythonioencoding && *pythonioencoding)) { /* Choose the default error handler based on the current locale */ errors = get_default_standard_stream_error_handler(); } } /* Set sys.stdin */ fd = fileno(stdin); /* Under some conditions stdin, stdout and stderr may not be connected * and fileno() may point to an invalid file descriptor. For example * GUI apps don't have valid standard streams by default. */ std = create_stdio(iomod, fd, 0, "", encoding, errors); if (std == NULL) goto error; PySys_SetObject("__stdin__", std); _PySys_SetObjectId(&PyId_stdin, std); Py_DECREF(std); /* Set sys.stdout */ fd = fileno(stdout); std = create_stdio(iomod, fd, 1, "", encoding, errors); if (std == NULL) goto error; PySys_SetObject("__stdout__", std); _PySys_SetObjectId(&PyId_stdout, std); Py_DECREF(std); #if 1 /* Disable this if you have trouble debugging bootstrap stuff */ /* Set sys.stderr, replaces the preliminary stderr */ fd = fileno(stderr); std = create_stdio(iomod, fd, 1, "", encoding, "backslashreplace"); if (std == NULL) goto error; /* Same as hack above, pre-import stderr's codec to avoid recursion when import.c tries to write to stderr in verbose mode. */ encoding_attr = PyObject_GetAttrString(std, "encoding"); if (encoding_attr != NULL) { const char *std_encoding = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(encoding_attr); if (std_encoding != NULL) { PyObject *codec_info = _PyCodec_Lookup(std_encoding); Py_XDECREF(codec_info); } Py_DECREF(encoding_attr); } PyErr_Clear(); /* Not a fatal error if codec isn't available */ if (PySys_SetObject("__stderr__", std) < 0) { Py_DECREF(std); goto error; } if (_PySys_SetObjectId(&PyId_stderr, std) < 0) { Py_DECREF(std); goto error; } Py_DECREF(std); #endif goto done; error: res = _Py_INIT_ERR("can't initialize sys standard streams"); done: /* We won't need them anymore. */ if (_Py_StandardStreamEncoding) { PyMem_RawFree(_Py_StandardStreamEncoding); _Py_StandardStreamEncoding = NULL; } if (_Py_StandardStreamErrors) { PyMem_RawFree(_Py_StandardStreamErrors); _Py_StandardStreamErrors = NULL; } PyMem_Free(pythonioencoding); Py_XDECREF(bimod); Py_XDECREF(iomod); return res; } static void _Py_FatalError_DumpTracebacks(int fd) { fputc('\n', stderr); fflush(stderr); /* display the current Python stack */ _Py_DumpTracebackThreads(fd, NULL, NULL); } /* Print the current exception (if an exception is set) with its traceback, or display the current Python stack. Don't call PyErr_PrintEx() and the except hook, because Py_FatalError() is called on catastrophic cases. Return 1 if the traceback was displayed, 0 otherwise. */ static int _Py_FatalError_PrintExc(int fd) { PyObject *ferr, *res; PyObject *exception, *v, *tb; int has_tb; if (PyThreadState_GET() == NULL) { /* The GIL is released: trying to acquire it is likely to deadlock, just give up. */ return 0; } PyErr_Fetch(&exception, &v, &tb); if (exception == NULL) { /* No current exception */ return 0; } ferr = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_stderr); if (ferr == NULL || ferr == Py_None) { /* sys.stderr is not set yet or set to None, no need to try to display the exception */ return 0; } PyErr_NormalizeException(&exception, &v, &tb); if (tb == NULL) { tb = Py_None; Py_INCREF(tb); } PyException_SetTraceback(v, tb); if (exception == NULL) { /* PyErr_NormalizeException() failed */ return 0; } has_tb = (tb != Py_None); PyErr_Display(exception, v, tb); Py_XDECREF(exception); Py_XDECREF(v); Py_XDECREF(tb); /* sys.stderr may be buffered: call sys.stderr.flush() */ res = _PyObject_CallMethodId(ferr, &PyId_flush, NULL); if (res == NULL) PyErr_Clear(); else Py_DECREF(res); return has_tb; } /* Print fatal error message and abort */ #ifdef MS_WINDOWS static void fatal_output_debug(const char *msg) { /* buffer of 256 bytes allocated on the stack */ WCHAR buffer[256 / sizeof(WCHAR)]; size_t buflen = Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(buffer) - 1; size_t msglen; OutputDebugStringW(L"Fatal Python error: "); msglen = strlen(msg); while (msglen) { size_t i; if (buflen > msglen) { buflen = msglen; } /* Convert the message to wchar_t. This uses a simple one-to-one conversion, assuming that the this error message actually uses ASCII only. If this ceases to be true, we will have to convert. */ for (i=0; i < buflen; ++i) { buffer[i] = msg[i]; } buffer[i] = L'\0'; OutputDebugStringW(buffer); msg += buflen; msglen -= buflen; } OutputDebugStringW(L"\n"); } #endif static void _Py_NO_RETURN fatal_error(const char *prefix, const char *msg, int status) { const int fd = fileno(stderr); static int reentrant = 0; if (reentrant) { /* Py_FatalError() caused a second fatal error. Example: flush_std_files() raises a recursion error. */ goto exit; } reentrant = 1; fprintf(stderr, "Fatal Python error: "); if (prefix) { fputs(prefix, stderr); fputs(": ", stderr); } if (msg) { fputs(msg, stderr); } else { fprintf(stderr, ""); } fputs("\n", stderr); fflush(stderr); /* it helps in Windows debug build */ /* Print the exception (if an exception is set) with its traceback, * or display the current Python stack. */ if (!_Py_FatalError_PrintExc(fd)) { _Py_FatalError_DumpTracebacks(fd); } /* The main purpose of faulthandler is to display the traceback. This function already did its best to display a traceback. Disable faulthandler to prevent writing a second traceback on abort(). */ _PyFaulthandler_Fini(); /* Check if the current Python thread hold the GIL */ if (PyThreadState_GET() != NULL) { /* Flush sys.stdout and sys.stderr */ flush_std_files(); } #ifdef MS_WINDOWS fatal_output_debug(msg); #endif /* MS_WINDOWS */ exit: if (status < 0) { #if defined(MS_WINDOWS) && defined(_DEBUG) DebugBreak(); #endif abort(); } else { exit(status); } } void Py_FatalError(const char *msg) { fatal_error(NULL, msg, -1); } void _Py_FatalInitError(_PyInitError err) { /* On "user" error: exit with status 1. For all other errors, call abort(). */ int status = err.user_err ? 1 : -1; fatal_error(err.prefix, err.msg, status); } /* Clean up and exit */ # include "pythread.h" /* For the atexit module. */ void _Py_PyAtExit(void (*func)(void)) { _PyRuntime.pyexitfunc = func; } static void call_py_exitfuncs(void) { if (_PyRuntime.pyexitfunc == NULL) return; (*_PyRuntime.pyexitfunc)(); PyErr_Clear(); } /* Wait until threading._shutdown completes, provided the threading module was imported in the first place. The shutdown routine will wait until all non-daemon "threading" threads have completed. */ static void wait_for_thread_shutdown(void) { _Py_IDENTIFIER(_shutdown); PyObject *result; PyObject *threading = _PyImport_GetModuleId(&PyId_threading); if (threading == NULL) { /* threading not imported */ PyErr_Clear(); return; } result = _PyObject_CallMethodId(threading, &PyId__shutdown, NULL); if (result == NULL) { PyErr_WriteUnraisable(threading); } else { Py_DECREF(result); } Py_DECREF(threading); } #define NEXITFUNCS 32 int Py_AtExit(void (*func)(void)) { if (_PyRuntime.nexitfuncs >= NEXITFUNCS) return -1; _PyRuntime.exitfuncs[_PyRuntime.nexitfuncs++] = func; return 0; } static void call_ll_exitfuncs(void) { while (_PyRuntime.nexitfuncs > 0) (*_PyRuntime.exitfuncs[--_PyRuntime.nexitfuncs])(); fflush(stdout); fflush(stderr); } void Py_Exit(int sts) { if (Py_FinalizeEx() < 0) { sts = 120; } exit(sts); } static _PyInitError initsigs(void) { #ifdef SIGPIPE PyOS_setsig(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN); #endif #ifdef SIGXFZ PyOS_setsig(SIGXFZ, SIG_IGN); #endif #ifdef SIGXFSZ PyOS_setsig(SIGXFSZ, SIG_IGN); #endif PyOS_InitInterrupts(); /* May imply initsignal() */ if (PyErr_Occurred()) { return _Py_INIT_ERR("can't import signal"); } return _Py_INIT_OK(); } /* Restore signals that the interpreter has called SIG_IGN on to SIG_DFL. * * All of the code in this function must only use async-signal-safe functions, * listed at `man 7 signal` or * http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/xsh_chap02_04.html. */ void _Py_RestoreSignals(void) { #ifdef SIGPIPE PyOS_setsig(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL); #endif #ifdef SIGXFZ PyOS_setsig(SIGXFZ, SIG_DFL); #endif #ifdef SIGXFSZ PyOS_setsig(SIGXFSZ, SIG_DFL); #endif } /* * The file descriptor fd is considered ``interactive'' if either * a) isatty(fd) is TRUE, or * b) the -i flag was given, and the filename associated with * the descriptor is NULL or "" or "???". */ int Py_FdIsInteractive(FILE *fp, const char *filename) { if (isatty((int)fileno(fp))) return 1; if (!Py_InteractiveFlag) return 0; return (filename == NULL) || (strcmp(filename, "") == 0) || (strcmp(filename, "???") == 0); } /* Wrappers around sigaction() or signal(). */ PyOS_sighandler_t PyOS_getsig(int sig) { #ifdef HAVE_SIGACTION struct sigaction context; if (sigaction(sig, NULL, &context) == -1) return SIG_ERR; return context.sa_handler; #else PyOS_sighandler_t handler; /* Special signal handling for the secure CRT in Visual Studio 2005 */ #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400 switch (sig) { /* Only these signals are valid */ case SIGINT: case SIGILL: case SIGFPE: case SIGSEGV: case SIGTERM: case SIGBREAK: case SIGABRT: break; /* Don't call signal() with other values or it will assert */ default: return SIG_ERR; } #endif /* _MSC_VER && _MSC_VER >= 1400 */ handler = signal(sig, SIG_IGN); if (handler != SIG_ERR) signal(sig, handler); return handler; #endif } /* * All of the code in this function must only use async-signal-safe functions, * listed at `man 7 signal` or * http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/xsh_chap02_04.html. */ PyOS_sighandler_t PyOS_setsig(int sig, PyOS_sighandler_t handler) { #ifdef HAVE_SIGACTION /* Some code in Modules/signalmodule.c depends on sigaction() being * used here if HAVE_SIGACTION is defined. Fix that if this code * changes to invalidate that assumption. */ struct sigaction context, ocontext; context.sa_handler = handler; sigemptyset(&context.sa_mask); context.sa_flags = 0; if (sigaction(sig, &context, &ocontext) == -1) return SIG_ERR; return ocontext.sa_handler; #else PyOS_sighandler_t oldhandler; oldhandler = signal(sig, handler); #ifdef HAVE_SIGINTERRUPT siginterrupt(sig, 1); #endif return oldhandler; #endif } #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif