Make docstrings for `as_integer_ratio` consistent across types, and document that
the returned pair is always normalized (coprime integers, with positive denominator).
---------
Co-authored-by: Owain Davies <116417456+OTheDev@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Mark Dickinson <dickinsm@gmail.com>
This PR adds a private `Fraction._from_coprime_ints` classmethod for internal creations of `Fraction` objects, replacing the use of `_normalize=False` in the existing constructor. This speeds up creation of `Fraction` objects arising from calculations. The `_normalize` argument to the `Fraction` constructor has been removed.
Co-authored-by: Pieter Eendebak <pieter.eendebak@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Mark Dickinson <dickinsm@gmail.com>
This PR adds support for float-style formatting for `Fraction` objects: it supports the `"e"`, `"E"`, `"f"`, `"F"`, `"g"`, `"G"` and `"%"` presentation types, and all the various bells and whistles of the formatting mini-language for those presentation types. The behaviour almost exactly matches that of `float`, but the implementation works with the exact `Fraction` value and does not do an intermediate conversion to `float`, and so avoids loss of precision or issues with numbers that are outside the dynamic range of the `float` type.
Note that the `"n"` presentation type is _not_ supported. That support could be added later if people have a need for it.
There's one corner-case where the behaviour differs from that of float: for the `float` type, if explicit alignment is specified with a fill character of `'0'` and alignment type `'='`, then thousands separators (if specified) are inserted into the padding string:
```python
>>> format(3.14, '0=11,.2f')
'0,000,003.14'
```
The exact same effect can be achieved by using the `'0'` flag:
```python
>>> format(3.14, '011,.2f')
'0,000,003.14'
```
For `Fraction`, only the `'0'` flag has the above behaviour with respect to thousands separators: there's no special-casing of the particular `'0='` fill-character/alignment combination. Instead, we treat the fill character `'0'` just like any other:
```python
>>> format(Fraction('3.14'), '0=11,.2f')
'00000003.14'
>>> format(Fraction('3.14'), '011,.2f')
'0,000,003.14'
```
The `Fraction` formatter is also stricter about combining these two things: it's not permitted to use both the `'0'` flag _and_ explicit alignment, on the basis that we should refuse the temptation to guess in the face of ambiguity. `float` is less picky:
```python
>>> format(3.14, '0<011,.2f')
'3.140000000'
>>> format(Fraction('3.14'), '0<011,.2f')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/Users/mdickinson/Repositories/python/cpython/Lib/fractions.py", line 414, in __format__
raise ValueError(
ValueError: Invalid format specifier '0<011,.2f' for object of type 'Fraction'; can't use explicit alignment when zero-padding
```
Make some trivial performance optimizations in Fraction
Uses private class attributes `_numerator` and `_denominator` in place of the `numerator` and `denominator` property accesses.
Co-authored-by: hauntsaninja <hauntsaninja@gmail.com>
When we construct the upper and lower candidates in limit_denominator,
the numerator and denominator are already relatively prime (and the
denominator positive) by construction, so there's no need to go through
the usual normalisation in the constructor. This saves a couple of
potentially expensive gcd calls.
Suggested by Michael Scott Asato Cuthbert in GH-93477.
* bpo-44258: support PEP 515 for Fraction's initialization from string
* regexps's version
* A different regexps version, which doesn't suffer from catastrophic backtracking
* revert denom -> den
* strip "_" from the decimal str, add few tests
* drop redundant tests
* Add versionchanged & whatsnew entry
* Amend Fraction constructor docs
* Change .. versionchanged:...
Obviously, the former was a little misleading: not only rationals
may be considered as "infinite-precision, real numbers" - but, for
example, any real finite extension of the rationals.
bpo-43420: Implement standard transformations in + - * / that can often reduce the size of intermediate integers needed. For rationals with large components, this can yield dramatic speed improvements, but for small rationals can run 10-20% slower, due to increased fixed overheads in the longer-winded code. If those slowdowns turn out to be a problem, see the PR discussion for low-level implementation tricks that could cut other fixed overheads.
Co-authored-by: Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Mark Dickinson <dickinsm@gmail.com>
Fix regression in fractions.Fraction if the numerator and/or the
denominator is an int subclass. The math.gcd() function is now
used to normalize the numerator and denominator. math.gcd() always
return a int type. Previously, the GCD type depended on numerator
and denominator.
Some numerator types used (specifically NumPy) decides to not
return a Python boolean for the "a != b" operation. Using the equivalent
call to bool() guarantees a bool return also for such types.
* bpo-35588: Implement mod and divmod operations for Fraction type by spelling out the numerator/denominator calculation, instead of instantiating and normalising Fractions along the way. This speeds up '%' and divmod() by 2-3x.
* bpo-35588: Also reimplement Fraction.__floordiv__() using integer operations to make it ~4x faster.
* Improve code formatting.
Co-Authored-By: scoder <stefan_ml@behnel.de>
* bpo-35588: Fix return type of divmod(): the result of the integer division should be an integer.
* bpo-35588: Further specialise __mod__() and inline the original helper function _flat_divmod() since it's no longer reused.
* bpo-35588: Add some tests with large numerators and/or denominators.
* bpo-35588: Use builtin "divmod()" function for implementing __divmod__() in order to simplify the implementation, even though performance results are mixed.
* Rremove accidentally added empty line.
* bpo-35588: Try to provide more informative output on test failures.
* bpo-35588: Improve wording in News entry.
Co-Authored-By: scoder <stefan_ml@behnel.de>
* Remove stray space.
Make mixed-type `%` and `//` operations involving `Fraction` and `float` objects behave like all other mixed-type arithmetic operations: first the `Fraction` object is converted to a `float`, then the `float` operation is performed as normal. This fixes some surprising corner cases, like `Fraction('1/3') % inf` giving a NaN.
Thanks Elias Zamaria for the patch.
(instances of int, float, complex, decimal.Decimal and
fractions.Fraction) that makes it easy to maintain the invariant that
hash(x) == hash(y) whenever x and y have equal value.
the Fraction type doesn't know how to handle the comparison without
loss of accuracy. Also, make sure that comparisons between Fractions
and float infinities or nans do the right thing.
svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk
........
r64722 | georg.brandl | 2008-07-05 12:13:36 +0200 (Sat, 05 Jul 2008) | 4 lines
#2663: support an *ignore* argument to shutil.copytree(). Patch by Tarek Ziade.
This is a new feature, but Barry authorized adding it in the beta period.
........
r64729 | mark.dickinson | 2008-07-05 13:33:52 +0200 (Sat, 05 Jul 2008) | 5 lines
Issue 3188: accept float('infinity') as well as float('inf'). This
makes the float constructor behave in the same way as specified
by various other language standards, including C99, IEEE 754r,
and the IBM Decimal standard.
........
r64753 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-07-06 05:35:58 +0200 (Sun, 06 Jul 2008) | 4 lines
- Issue #2862: Make int and float freelist management consistent with other
freelists. Changes their CompactFreeList apis into ClearFreeList apis and
calls them via gc.collect().
........
r64845 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-07-10 16:03:19 +0200 (Thu, 10 Jul 2008) | 1 line
Issue 3301: Bisect functions behaved badly when lo was negative.
........
r64846 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-07-10 16:34:57 +0200 (Thu, 10 Jul 2008) | 1 line
Issue 3285: Fractions from_float() and from_decimal() accept Integral arguments.
........
r64849 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-07-10 16:43:31 +0200 (Thu, 10 Jul 2008) | 1 line
Wording changes
........
r64871 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-07-11 14:00:21 +0200 (Fri, 11 Jul 2008) | 1 line
Add cautionary note on the use of PySequence_Fast_ITEMS.
........
r64880 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2008-07-11 23:28:25 +0200 (Fri, 11 Jul 2008) | 5 lines
#3317 in zipfile module, restore the previous names of global variables:
some applications relied on them.
Also remove duplicated lines.
........
r64881 | amaury.forgeotdarc | 2008-07-11 23:45:06 +0200 (Fri, 11 Jul 2008) | 3 lines
#3342: In tracebacks, printed source lines were not indented since r62555.
#3343: Py_DisplaySourceLine should be a private function. Rename it to _Py_DisplaySourceLine.
........
r64882 | josiah.carlson | 2008-07-12 00:17:14 +0200 (Sat, 12 Jul 2008) | 2 lines
Fix for the AttributeError in test_asynchat.
........
r64885 | josiah.carlson | 2008-07-12 01:26:59 +0200 (Sat, 12 Jul 2008) | 2 lines
Fixed test for asyncore.
........
r64888 | matthias.klose | 2008-07-12 09:51:48 +0200 (Sat, 12 Jul 2008) | 2 lines
- Fix bashisms in Tools/faqwiz/move-faqwiz.sh
........
r64897 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-07-12 22:16:19 +0200 (Sat, 12 Jul 2008) | 1 line
fix various doc typos #3320
........
r64900 | alexandre.vassalotti | 2008-07-13 00:06:53 +0200 (Sun, 13 Jul 2008) | 2 lines
Fixed typo.
........
r64901 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-07-13 01:41:19 +0200 (Sun, 13 Jul 2008) | 1 line
#1778443 robotparser fixes from Aristotelis Mikropoulos
........
r64915 | nick.coghlan | 2008-07-13 16:52:36 +0200 (Sun, 13 Jul 2008) | 1 line
Fix issue 3221 by emitting a RuntimeWarning instead of raising SystemError when the parent module can't be found during an absolute import (likely due to non-PEP 361 aware code which sets a module level __package__ attribute)
........
r64926 | martin.v.loewis | 2008-07-13 22:31:49 +0200 (Sun, 13 Jul 2008) | 2 lines
Add turtle into the module index.
........
r64927 | alexandre.vassalotti | 2008-07-13 22:42:44 +0200 (Sun, 13 Jul 2008) | 3 lines
Issue #3274: Use a less common identifier for the temporary variable
in Py_CLEAR().
........
r64928 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-07-13 23:43:25 +0200 (Sun, 13 Jul 2008) | 1 line
Re-word
........
r64929 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-07-13 23:43:52 +0200 (Sun, 13 Jul 2008) | 1 line
Add various items; move ctypes items into a subsection of their own
........
r64938 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-07-14 02:35:32 +0200 (Mon, 14 Jul 2008) | 1 line
Typo fixes
........
r64939 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-07-14 02:40:55 +0200 (Mon, 14 Jul 2008) | 1 line
Typo fix
........
r64940 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-07-14 03:18:16 +0200 (Mon, 14 Jul 2008) | 1 line
Typo fix
........
r64941 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-07-14 03:18:31 +0200 (Mon, 14 Jul 2008) | 1 line
Expand the multiprocessing section
........
r64944 | gregory.p.smith | 2008-07-14 08:06:48 +0200 (Mon, 14 Jul 2008) | 7 lines
Fix posix.fork1() / os.fork1() to only call PyOS_AfterFork() in the child
process rather than both parent and child.
Does anyone actually use fork1()? It appears to be a Solaris thing
but if Python is built with pthreads on Solaris, fork1() and fork()
should be the same.
........
r64961 | jesse.noller | 2008-07-15 15:47:33 +0200 (Tue, 15 Jul 2008) | 1 line
multiprocessing/connection.py patch to remove fqdn oddness for issue 3270
........
r64966 | nick.coghlan | 2008-07-15 17:40:22 +0200 (Tue, 15 Jul 2008) | 1 line
Add missing NEWS entry for r64962
........
r64973 | jesse.noller | 2008-07-15 20:29:18 +0200 (Tue, 15 Jul 2008) | 1 line
Revert 3270 patch: self._address is in pretty widespread use, need to revisit
........
svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk
........
r64475 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-06-22 22:29:28 -0500 (Sun, 22 Jun 2008) | 1 line
Issue 3161: Missing import and test.
........
r64544 | georg.brandl | 2008-06-26 16:12:55 -0500 (Thu, 26 Jun 2008) | 2 lines
Use newer versions of externals.
........
r64545 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-06-26 16:23:30 -0500 (Thu, 26 Jun 2008) | 1 line
add a htmlview directive
........
r64550 | brett.cannon | 2008-06-26 19:32:16 -0500 (Thu, 26 Jun 2008) | 2 lines
Ignore .pyc and .pyo files.
........
r64557 | mark.dickinson | 2008-06-27 05:11:52 -0500 (Fri, 27 Jun 2008) | 3 lines
Remove trailing 'L's from numerator and denominator in the
repr() of a Fraction instance.
........
r64558 | mark.dickinson | 2008-06-27 06:03:21 -0500 (Fri, 27 Jun 2008) | 2 lines
Add Jean Brouwers for his work on math.sum
........
r64565 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-06-27 16:34:24 -0500 (Fri, 27 Jun 2008) | 1 line
Fix whitespace in example code.
........
r64570 | hyeshik.chang | 2008-06-27 20:04:31 -0500 (Fri, 27 Jun 2008) | 8 lines
Give information for compililation of _multiprocessing.SemLock on FreeBSD:
FreeBSD's P1003.1b semaphore support is highly experimental and
it's disabled by default. Even if a user loads the experimental
kernel module manually, _multiprocessing doesn't work correctly due
to several known incompatibilities around sem_unlink and sem_getvalue,
yet.
........
r64577 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-06-28 17:16:53 -0500 (Sat, 28 Jun 2008) | 1 line
Issue 3230: Do not the set specific size macro.
........
r64582 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-06-28 18:06:05 -0500 (Sat, 28 Jun 2008) | 2 lines
convert test_audioop to unittest. Thanks to Giampaolo Rodola.
........
r64583 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-06-28 18:06:49 -0500 (Sat, 28 Jun 2008) | 1 line
rewrap
........
r64585 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-06-28 18:35:31 -0500 (Sat, 28 Jun 2008) | 1 line
fix typo
........
r64590 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-06-29 08:43:07 -0500 (Sun, 29 Jun 2008) | 1 line
reinstate the ending backtick. thanks Nick :)
........
r64592 | vinay.sajip | 2008-06-29 16:25:28 -0500 (Sun, 29 Jun 2008) | 2 lines
Removed out-of-date comment in _install_handlers and
used issubclass in place of equality comparison of classes.
........
r64593 | vinay.sajip | 2008-06-29 16:27:15 -0500 (Sun, 29 Jun 2008) | 1 line
Updated to reflect change in logging.config to remove out-of-date comment in _install_handlers and the use of issubclass in place of equality comparison of classes.
........
r64625 | georg.brandl | 2008-07-01 14:59:00 -0500 (Tue, 01 Jul 2008) | 2 lines
Add a link to PEP 324.
........
r64630 | georg.brandl | 2008-07-01 15:18:10 -0500 (Tue, 01 Jul 2008) | 2 lines
#3216: fix Execute's parameter description.
........
r64638 | georg.brandl | 2008-07-01 15:50:02 -0500 (Tue, 01 Jul 2008) | 2 lines
#1410739: add a footnote about "is" and "unusual" behavior.
........
r64647 | benjamin.peterson | 2008-07-01 18:33:06 -0500 (Tue, 01 Jul 2008) | 1 line
add ABC to the glossary
........
r64655 | mark.dickinson | 2008-07-02 04:37:01 -0500 (Wed, 02 Jul 2008) | 7 lines
Replace occurrences of '\d' with '[0-9]' in Decimal regex, to make sure
that the behaviour of Decimal doesn't change if/when re.UNICODE becomes
assumed in Python 3.0.
Also add a check that alternative Unicode digits (e.g. u'\N{FULLWIDTH
DIGIT ONE}') are *not* accepted in a numeric string.
........
r64656 | nick.coghlan | 2008-07-02 08:09:19 -0500 (Wed, 02 Jul 2008) | 1 line
Issue 3190: pydoc now hides module __package__ attributes
........
r64663 | jesse.noller | 2008-07-02 11:44:09 -0500 (Wed, 02 Jul 2008) | 1 line
Reenable the manager tests with Amaury's threading fix
........
r64664 | facundo.batista | 2008-07-02 11:52:55 -0500 (Wed, 02 Jul 2008) | 4 lines
Issue #449227: Now with the rlcompleter module, callable objects are
added a '(' when completed.
........
svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk
........
r64434 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-06-20 18:13:58 -0500 (Fri, 20 Jun 2008) | 1 line
Remove request for e-mail; it's unlikely these classes will be saved
........
r64435 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-06-20 18:14:32 -0500 (Fri, 20 Jun 2008) | 1 line
Grammar fixes
........
r64440 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-06-21 08:29:12 -0500 (Sat, 21 Jun 2008) | 1 line
Docstring typo
........
r64441 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-06-21 08:47:20 -0500 (Sat, 21 Jun 2008) | 1 line
Use repr() for bad input strings; this makes the empty string or binary characters more visible
........
r64442 | andrew.kuchling | 2008-06-21 08:48:38 -0500 (Sat, 21 Jun 2008) | 1 line
Docstring correction
........
r64443 | georg.brandl | 2008-06-21 09:26:19 -0500 (Sat, 21 Jun 2008) | 2 lines
Documentation fix.
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r64445 | facundo.batista | 2008-06-21 12:30:06 -0500 (Sat, 21 Jun 2008) | 3 lines
Reviewed and updated the documentation. Fixes#3017.
........
r64447 | facundo.batista | 2008-06-21 13:58:04 -0500 (Sat, 21 Jun 2008) | 6 lines
Now a from submitted via POST that also has a query string
will contain both FieldStorage and MiniFieldStorage items.
Fixes#1817.
........
r64448 | facundo.batista | 2008-06-21 14:48:19 -0500 (Sat, 21 Jun 2008) | 5 lines
In the deprecated functions I added an alert to review
specially a section of the subprocess documentation
that helps with the replacing of those functionss.
........
r64450 | georg.brandl | 2008-06-22 04:05:29 -0500 (Sun, 22 Jun 2008) | 2 lines
Turn section references into proper cross-references.
........
r64452 | facundo.batista | 2008-06-22 08:36:20 -0500 (Sun, 22 Jun 2008) | 5 lines
Issue #2722. Now the char buffer to support the path string has
not fixed length, it mallocs memory if needed. As a result, we
don't have a maximum for the getcwd() method.
........
r64455 | facundo.batista | 2008-06-22 10:27:10 -0500 (Sun, 22 Jun 2008) | 4 lines
Issue 3164. Small fix to don't repeat a comparation
without necessity.
........
r64461 | georg.brandl | 2008-06-22 13:11:52 -0500 (Sun, 22 Jun 2008) | 2 lines
#3085: Fix syntax error.
........
r64464 | georg.brandl | 2008-06-22 13:31:54 -0500 (Sun, 22 Jun 2008) | 2 lines
Expand docstrings of sqlite3 functions.
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r64466 | georg.brandl | 2008-06-22 14:07:59 -0500 (Sun, 22 Jun 2008) | 2 lines
Write out "phi" consistently.
........
r64468 | facundo.batista | 2008-06-22 14:35:24 -0500 (Sun, 22 Jun 2008) | 4 lines
Just returning nothing instead of rising TestSkipped, because
it makes the test fail in the trunk.loewis-sun buildbot.
........
svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk
........
r60752 | mark.dickinson | 2008-02-12 22:31:59 +0100 (Tue, 12 Feb 2008) | 5 lines
Implementation of Fraction.limit_denominator.
Remove Fraction.to_continued_fraction and
Fraction.from_continued_fraction
........
r60754 | mark.dickinson | 2008-02-12 22:40:53 +0100 (Tue, 12 Feb 2008) | 3 lines
Revert change in r60712: turn alternate constructors back into
classmethods instead of staticmethods.
........
r60755 | mark.dickinson | 2008-02-12 22:46:54 +0100 (Tue, 12 Feb 2008) | 4 lines
Replace R=fractions.Fraction with F=fractions.Fraction in
test_fractions.py. This should have been part of the name
change from Rational to Fraction.
........
r60758 | georg.brandl | 2008-02-13 08:20:22 +0100 (Wed, 13 Feb 2008) | 3 lines
#2063: correct order of utime and stime in os.times()
result on Windows.
........
r60762 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-02-13 18:58:04 +0100 (Wed, 13 Feb 2008) | 7 lines
Working on issue #1762: Brought
./python.exe -m timeit -s 'from fractions import Fraction; f = Fraction(3, 2)' 'isinstance(3, Fraction); isinstance(f, Fraction)'
from 12.3 usec/loop to 3.44 usec/loop and
./python.exe -m timeit -s 'from fractions import Fraction' 'Fraction(3, 2)'
from 48.8 usec to 23.6 usec by avoiding genexps and sets in __instancecheck__
and inlining the common case from __subclasscheck__.
........
r60765 | brett.cannon | 2008-02-13 20:15:44 +0100 (Wed, 13 Feb 2008) | 5 lines
Fix --enable-universalsdk and its comment line so that zsh's flag completion
works.
Thanks to Jeroen Ruigrok van der Werven for the fix.
........
r60771 | kurt.kaiser | 2008-02-14 01:08:55 +0100 (Thu, 14 Feb 2008) | 2 lines
Bring NEWS.txt up to date from check-in msgs.
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r60772 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-02-14 02:08:02 +0100 (Thu, 14 Feb 2008) | 3 lines
Update notes on Decimal.
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r60773 | raymond.hettinger | 2008-02-14 03:41:22 +0100 (Thu, 14 Feb 2008) | 1 line
Fix decimal repr which should have used single quotes like other reprs.
........
r60785 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-02-14 07:12:24 +0100 (Thu, 14 Feb 2008) | 11 lines
Performance optimizations on Fraction's constructor.
./python.exe -m timeit -s 'from fractions import Fraction' 'Fraction(3)`
31.7 usec/loop -> 9.2 usec/loop
./python.exe -m timeit -s 'from fractions import Fraction' 'Fraction(3, 2)'`
27.7 usec/loop -> 9.32 usec/loop
./python.exe -m timeit -s 'from fractions import Fraction; f = Fraction(3, 2)' 'Fraction(f)'
31.9 usec/loop -> 14.3 usec/loop
........
r60786 | jeffrey.yasskin | 2008-02-14 08:49:25 +0100 (Thu, 14 Feb 2008) | 5 lines
Change simple instances (in Fraction) of self.numerator and self.denominator to
self._numerator and self._denominator. This speeds abs() up from 12.2us to
10.8us and trunc() from 2.07us to 1.11us. This doesn't change _add and friends
because they're more complicated.
........
Sergey B Kirpichev
Mark Dickinson
Shantanu
Raymond Hettinger
Mark Dickinson
Sergey B Kirpichev
Victor Stinner
Sebastian Berg
Tim Peters
Jakub Molinski
Stefan Behnel
Elias Zamaria
Serhiy Storchaka
Georg Brandl
Matthias Klose
Benjamin Peterson
Raymond Hettinger
Christian Heimes