- weakref.ref and weakref.ReferenceType will become aliases for each
other
- weakref.ref will be a modern, new-style class with proper __new__
and __init__ methods
- weakref.WeakValueDictionary will have a lighter memory footprint,
using a new weakref.ref subclass to associate the key with the
value, allowing us to have only a single object of overhead for each
dictionary entry (currently, there are 3 objects of overhead per
entry: a weakref to the value, a weakref to the dictionary, and a
function object used as a weakref callback; the weakref to the
dictionary could be avoided without this change)
- a new macro, PyWeakref_CheckRefExact(), will be added
- PyWeakref_CheckRef() will check for subclasses of weakref.ref
This closes SF patch #983019.
The builtin eval() function now accepts any mapping for the locals argument.
Time sensitive steps guarded by PyDict_CheckExact() to keep from slowing
down the normal case. My timings so no measurable impact.
[ 784825 ] fix obscure crash in descriptor handling
Should be applied to release23-maint and in all likelyhood
release22-maint, too.
Certainly doesn't apply to release21-maint.
I'm finding some pretty baffling output, like reprs consisting entirely
of three left parens. At least this will let us know what type the object
is (it's not str -- there's no quote character in the repr).
New tool combinerefs.py, to combine the two output blocks produced via
PYTHONDUMPREFS.
new line.
New pvt API function _Py_PrintReferenceAddresses(): Prints only the
addresses and refcnts of the live objects. This is always safe to call,
because it has no dependence on Python's C API.
Py_Finalize(): If envar PYTHONDUMPREFS is set, call (the new)
_Py_PrintReferenceAddresses() right before dumping final pymalloc stats.
We can't print the reprs of the objects here because too much of the
interpreter has been shut down. You need to correlate the addresses
displayed here with the object reprs printed by the earlier
PYTHONDUMPREFS call to _Py_PrintReferences().
even farther down, to just before the call to
_PyObject_DebugMallocStats(). This required the following changes:
- pystate.c, PyThreadState_GetDict(): changed not to raise an
exception or issue a fatal error when no current thread state is
available, but simply return NULL without raising an exception
(ever).
- object.c, Py_ReprEnter(): when PyThreadState_GetDict() returns NULL,
don't raise an exception but return 0. This means that when
printing a container that's recursive, printing will go on and on
and on. But that shouldn't happen in the case we care about (see
first bullet).
- Updated Misc/NEWS and Doc/api/init.tex to reflect changes to
PyThreadState_GetDict() definition.
Arranged that all the objects exposed by __builtin__ appear in the list
of all objects. I basically peed away two days tracking down a mystery
leak in sys.gettotalrefcount() in a ZODB app (== tons of code), because
the object leaking the references didn't appear in the sys.getobjects(0)
list. The object happened to be False. Now False is in the list, along
with other popular & previously missing leak candidates (like None).
Alas, we still don't have a choke point covering *all* Python objects,
so the list of all objects may still be incomplete.
_Py_AddToAllObjects() that simply inserts an object at the front of
the doubly-linked list of all objects. Changed PyType_Ready() (the
closest thing we've got to a choke point for type objects) to call
that.
a doubly-linked list, exposed by sys.getobjects(). Unfortunately, it's not
really all live objects, and it seems my fate to bump into programs where
sys.gettotalrefcount() keeps going up but where the reference leaks aren't
accounted for by anything in the list of all objects.
This patch helps a little: if COUNT_ALLOCS is also defined, from now on
type objects will also appear in this list, provided at least one object
of a type has been allocated.
Don't access tp_descr_{get,set} of a descriptor without checking the
flag bits of the descriptor's type. While we know that the main type
(the type of the object whose attribute is being accessed) has all the
right flag bits (or else PyObject_Generic{Get,Set}Attr wouldn't be
called), we don't know that for its class attributes!
Will backport to 2.2.
was broken because new-in-2.3 code added a tp_as_mapping slot to tuples.
Repaired that.
Added basic docs to check_recursion().
The code that intended to exempt tuples and strings was also broken here,
and in 2.2: these should use PyXYZ_CheckExact(), not PyXYZ_Check() -- we
can't know whether subclass instances are immutable. This part (and this
part alone) is a bugfix candidate.
Py_Init crash". refchain cannot be cleared because objects can live across
Py_Finalize() and Py_Initialize() if they are kept alive by circular
references.
macros. The 'op' argument is then the result from PyObject_MALLOC,
and that can of course be NULL. In that case, PyObject_Init[Var]
would raise a SystemError with "NULL object passed to
PyObject_Init[Var]". But there's nothing the caller of the macro can
do about this. So PyObject_Init[Var] should call just PyErr_NoMemory.
Will backport.
helper macros to something saner, and used them appropriately in other
files too, to reduce #ifdef blocks.
classobject.c, instance_dealloc(): One of my worst Python Memories is
trying to fix this routine a few years ago when COUNT_ALLOCS was defined
but Py_TRACE_REFS wasn't. The special-build code here is way too
complicated. Now it's much simpler. Difference: in a Py_TRACE_REFS
build, the instance is no longer in the doubly-linked list of live
objects while its __del__ method is executing, and that may be visible
via sys.getobjects() called from a __del__ method. Tough -- the object
is presumed dead while its __del__ is executing anyway, and not calling
_Py_NewReference() at the start allows enormous code simplification.
typeobject.c, call_finalizer(): The special-build instance_dealloc()
pain apparently spread to here too via cut-'n-paste, and this is much
simpler now too. In addition, I didn't understand why this routine
was calling _PyObject_GC_TRACK() after a resurrection, since there's no
plausible way _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK() could have been called on the
object by this point. I suspect it was left over from pasting the
instance_delloc() code. Instead asserted that the object is still
tracked. Caution: I suspect we don't have a test that actually
exercises the subtype_dealloc() __del__-resurrected-me code.
more trivial lexical helper macros so that uses of these guys expand
to nothing at all when they're not enabled. This should help sub-
standard compilers that can't do a good job of optimizing away the
previous "(void)0" expressions.
Py_DECREF: There's only one definition of this now. Yay! That
was that last one in the family defined multiple times in an #ifdef
maze.
Py_FatalError(): Changed the char* signature to const char*.
_Py_NegativeRefcount(): New helper function for the Py_REF_DEBUG
expansion of Py_DECREF. Calling an external function cuts down on
the volume of generated code. The previous inline expansion of abort()
didn't work as intended on Windows (the program often kept going, and
the error msg scrolled off the screen unseen). _Py_NegativeRefcount
calls Py_FatalError instead, which captures our best knowledge of
how to abort effectively across platforms.
Repair segfaults and infinite loops in COUNT_ALLOCS builds in the
presence of new-style (heap-allocated) classes/types.
Bugfix candidate. I'll backport this to 2.2. It's irrelevant in 2.1.
that have taken me "too long" to reverse-engineer over the years.
Vastly reduced the nesting level and redundancy of #ifdef-ery.
Took a light stab at repairing comments that are no longer true.
sys_gettotalrefcount(): Changed to enable under Py_REF_DEBUG.
It was enabled under Py_TRACE_REFS, which was much heavier than
necessary. sys.gettotalrefcount() is now available in a
Py_REF_DEBUG-only build.
mechanism is no longer evil: it no longer plays dangerous games with
the type pointer or refcounts, and objects in extension modules can play
along too without needing to edit the core first.
Rewrote all the comments to explain this, and (I hope) give clear
guidance to extension authors who do want to play along. Documented
all the functions. Added more asserts (it may no longer be evil, but
it's still dangerous <0.9 wink>). Rearranged the generated code to
make it clearer, and to tolerate either the presence or absence of a
semicolon after the macros. Rewrote _PyTrash_destroy_chain() to call
tp_dealloc directly; it was doing a Py_DECREF again, and that has all
sorts of obscure distorting effects in non-release builds (Py_DECREF
was already called on the object!). Removed Christian's little "embedded
change log" comments -- that's what checkin messages are for, and since
it was impossible to correlate the comments with the code that changed,
I found them merely distracting.
In the past, an object's tp_compare could return any value. In 2.2
the docs were tightened to require it to return -1, 0 or 1; and -1 for
an error.
We now issue a warning if the value is not in this range. When an
exception is raised, we allow -1 or -2 as return value, since -2 will
the recommended return value for errors in the future. (Eventually
tp_compare will also be allowed to return +2, to indicate
NotImplemented; but that can only be implemented once we know all
extensions return a value in [-2...1]. Or perhaps it will require the
type to set a flag bit.)
I haven't decided yet whether to backport this to 2.2.x. The patch
applies fine. But is it fair to start warning in 2.2.2 about code
that worked flawlessly in 2.2.1?
for 'str' and 'unicode', and can be used instead of
types.StringTypes, e.g. to test whether something is "a string":
isinstance(x, string) is True for Unicode and 8-bit strings. This
is an abstract base class and cannot be instantiated directly.
returned a proxy for __class__ whose __bases__ was also a proxy. The
merge_class_dict() helper for dir() assumed incorrectly that __bases__
would always be a tuple and used the in-line tuple API on the proxy.
I will backport this to 2.2 as well.
left and right type were of the same type and not classic instances.
This shortcut is dangerous for proxy types, because it means that
coerce(Proxy(1), Proxy(2.1)) leaves Proxy(1) unchanged rather than
turning it into Proxy(1.0).
In an ever-so-slight change of semantics, I now only take the shortcut
when the left and right types are of the same type and don't have the
CHECKTYPES feature. It so happens that classic instances have this
flag, so the shortcut is still skipped in this case (i.e. nothing
changes for classic instances). Proxies also have this flag set
(otherwise implementing numeric operations on proxies would become
nightmarish) and this means that the shortcut is also skipped there,
as desired. It so happens that int, long and float also have this
flag set; that means that e.g. coerce(1, 1) will now invoke
int_coerce(). This is fine: int_coerce() can deal with this, and I'm
not worried about the performance; int_coerce() is only invoked when
the user explicitly calls coerce(), which should be rarer than rare.
Michael W. Hudson
Raymond Hettinger
Neal Norwitz
Fred Drake
Thomas Heller
Brett Cannon
Jack Jansen
Armin Rigo
Tim Peters
Guido van Rossum
Neil Schemenauer
Martin v. Löwis
Mark Hammond