diff --git a/Doc/howto/logging-cookbook.rst b/Doc/howto/logging-cookbook.rst index f962cd8872b..bb79bb1748f 100644 --- a/Doc/howto/logging-cookbook.rst +++ b/Doc/howto/logging-cookbook.rst @@ -2165,8 +2165,8 @@ Speaking logging messages ------------------------- There might be situations when it is desirable to have logging messages rendered -in an audible rather than a visible format. This is easy to do if you have text- -to-speech (TTS) functionality available in your system, even if it doesn't have +in an audible rather than a visible format. This is easy to do if you have +text-to-speech (TTS) functionality available in your system, even if it doesn't have a Python binding. Most TTS systems have a command line program you can run, and this can be invoked from a handler using :mod:`subprocess`. It's assumed here that TTS command line programs won't expect to interact with users or take a diff --git a/Doc/library/logging.config.rst b/Doc/library/logging.config.rst index a68a890596f..a7928a0647c 100644 --- a/Doc/library/logging.config.rst +++ b/Doc/library/logging.config.rst @@ -105,8 +105,8 @@ in :mod:`logging` itself) and defining handlers which are declared either in :param disable_existing_loggers: If specified as ``False``, loggers which exist when this call is made are left enabled. The default is ``True`` because this - enables old behaviour in a backward- - compatible way. This behaviour is to + enables old behaviour in a + backward-compatible way. This behaviour is to disable any existing loggers unless they or their ancestors are explicitly named in the logging configuration. diff --git a/Doc/library/logging.handlers.rst b/Doc/library/logging.handlers.rst index 0c02d3d5526..b16eef03b1f 100644 --- a/Doc/library/logging.handlers.rst +++ b/Doc/library/logging.handlers.rst @@ -900,8 +900,8 @@ possible, while any potentially slow operations (such as sending an email via .. class:: QueueHandler(queue) Returns a new instance of the :class:`QueueHandler` class. The instance is - initialized with the queue to send messages to. The queue can be any queue- - like object; it's used as-is by the :meth:`enqueue` method, which needs + initialized with the queue to send messages to. The queue can be any + queue-like object; it's used as-is by the :meth:`enqueue` method, which needs to know how to send messages to it. @@ -956,8 +956,8 @@ possible, while any potentially slow operations (such as sending an email via Returns a new instance of the :class:`QueueListener` class. The instance is initialized with the queue to send messages to and a list of handlers which - will handle entries placed on the queue. The queue can be any queue- - like object; it's passed as-is to the :meth:`dequeue` method, which needs + will handle entries placed on the queue. The queue can be any queue-like + object; it's passed as-is to the :meth:`dequeue` method, which needs to know how to get messages from it. If ``respect_handler_level`` is ``True``, a handler's level is respected (compared with the level for the message) when deciding whether to pass messages to that handler; otherwise, the behaviour diff --git a/Doc/library/quopri.rst b/Doc/library/quopri.rst index ef2b5f2f60e..a3f94a0ad06 100644 --- a/Doc/library/quopri.rst +++ b/Doc/library/quopri.rst @@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ sending a graphics file. .. function:: encode(input, output, quotetabs, header=False) - Encode the contents of the *input* file and write the resulting quoted- - printable data to the *output* file. *input* and *output* must be + Encode the contents of the *input* file and write the resulting quoted-printable + data to the *output* file. *input* and *output* must be :term:`binary file objects `. *quotetabs*, a flag which controls whether to encode embedded spaces and tabs must be provideda and when true it encodes such embedded whitespace, and when false it leaves them unencoded. diff --git a/Doc/library/socket.rst b/Doc/library/socket.rst index 530000bb8a4..f8ba847fe49 100644 --- a/Doc/library/socket.rst +++ b/Doc/library/socket.rst @@ -1288,8 +1288,8 @@ to sockets. to transmit as opposed to sending the file until EOF is reached. File position is updated on return or also in case of error in which case :meth:`file.tell() ` can be used to figure out the number of - bytes which were sent. The socket must be of :const:`SOCK_STREAM` type. Non- - blocking sockets are not supported. + bytes which were sent. The socket must be of :const:`SOCK_STREAM` type. + Non-blocking sockets are not supported. .. versionadded:: 3.5 diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.0.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.0.rst index 010a007d16d..5cbf5011238 100644 --- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.0.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.0.rst @@ -145,8 +145,8 @@ strings. Unicode uses 16-bit numbers to represent characters instead of the 8-bit number used by ASCII, meaning that 65,536 distinct characters can be supported. -The final interface for Unicode support was arrived at through countless often- -stormy discussions on the python-dev mailing list, and mostly implemented by +The final interface for Unicode support was arrived at through countless +often-stormy discussions on the python-dev mailing list, and mostly implemented by Marc-André Lemburg, based on a Unicode string type implementation by Fredrik Lundh. A detailed explanation of the interface was written up as :pep:`100`, "Python Unicode Integration". This article will simply cover the most @@ -885,8 +885,8 @@ interfaces for processing XML have become common: SAX2 (version 2 of the Simple API for XML) provides an event-driven interface with some similarities to :mod:`xmllib`, and the DOM (Document Object Model) provides a tree-based interface, transforming an XML document into a tree of nodes that can be -traversed and modified. Python 2.0 includes a SAX2 interface and a stripped- -down DOM interface as part of the :mod:`xml` package. Here we will give a brief +traversed and modified. Python 2.0 includes a SAX2 interface and a stripped-down +DOM interface as part of the :mod:`xml` package. Here we will give a brief overview of these new interfaces; consult the Python documentation or the source code for complete details. The Python XML SIG is also working on improved documentation. diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.1.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.1.rst index 00151d78202..ad4c6d5ae15 100644 --- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.1.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.1.rst @@ -159,8 +159,8 @@ precede any statement that will result in bytecodes being produced. PEP 207: Rich Comparisons ========================= -In earlier versions, Python's support for implementing comparisons on user- -defined classes and extension types was quite simple. Classes could implement a +In earlier versions, Python's support for implementing comparisons on user-defined +classes and extension types was quite simple. Classes could implement a :meth:`__cmp__` method that was given two instances of a class, and could only return 0 if they were equal or +1 or -1 if they weren't; the method couldn't raise an exception or return anything other than a Boolean value. Users of @@ -465,11 +465,11 @@ Windows being the primary examples; on these systems, it's impossible to distinguish the filenames ``FILE.PY`` and ``file.py``, even though they do store the file's name in its original case (they're case-preserving, too). -In Python 2.1, the :keyword:`import` statement will work to simulate case- -sensitivity on case-insensitive platforms. Python will now search for the first +In Python 2.1, the :keyword:`import` statement will work to simulate case-sensitivity +on case-insensitive platforms. Python will now search for the first case-sensitive match by default, raising an :exc:`ImportError` if no such file -is found, so ``import file`` will not import a module named ``FILE.PY``. Case- -insensitive matching can be requested by setting the :envvar:`PYTHONCASEOK` +is found, so ``import file`` will not import a module named ``FILE.PY``. +Case-insensitive matching can be requested by setting the :envvar:`PYTHONCASEOK` environment variable before starting the Python interpreter. .. ====================================================================== @@ -481,8 +481,8 @@ PEP 217: Interactive Display Hook When using the Python interpreter interactively, the output of commands is displayed using the built-in :func:`repr` function. In Python 2.1, the variable :func:`sys.displayhook` can be set to a callable object which will be called -instead of :func:`repr`. For example, you can set it to a special pretty- -printing function:: +instead of :func:`repr`. For example, you can set it to a special +pretty-printing function:: >>> # Create a recursive data structure ... L = [1,2,3] diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.2.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.2.rst index 5f28c29443d..a0bb81a9748 100644 --- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.2.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.2.rst @@ -962,8 +962,8 @@ New and Improved Modules * The new :mod:`hmac` module implements the HMAC algorithm described by :rfc:`2104`. (Contributed by Gerhard Häring.) -* Several functions that originally returned lengthy tuples now return pseudo- - sequences that still behave like tuples but also have mnemonic attributes such +* Several functions that originally returned lengthy tuples now return + pseudo-sequences that still behave like tuples but also have mnemonic attributes such as memberst_mtime or :attr:`tm_year`. The enhanced functions include :func:`stat`, :func:`fstat`, :func:`statvfs`, and :func:`fstatvfs` in the :mod:`os` module, and :func:`localtime`, :func:`gmtime`, and :func:`strptime` in @@ -1141,8 +1141,8 @@ Some of the more notable changes are: The most significant change is the ability to build Python as a framework, enabled by supplying the :option:`!--enable-framework` option to the configure - script when compiling Python. According to Jack Jansen, "This installs a self- - contained Python installation plus the OS X framework "glue" into + script when compiling Python. According to Jack Jansen, "This installs a + self-contained Python installation plus the OS X framework "glue" into :file:`/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework` (or another location of choice). For now there is little immediate added benefit to this (actually, there is the disadvantage that you have to change your PATH to be able to find Python), but diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.3.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.3.rst index 93930b849a4..cebfb21156b 100644 --- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.3.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.3.rst @@ -86,8 +86,8 @@ The union and intersection of sets can be computed with the :meth:`union` and It's also possible to take the symmetric difference of two sets. This is the set of all elements in the union that aren't in the intersection. Another way of putting it is that the symmetric difference contains all elements that are in -exactly one set. Again, there's an alternative notation (``^``), and an in- -place version with the ungainly name :meth:`symmetric_difference_update`. :: +exactly one set. Again, there's an alternative notation (``^``), and an +in-place version with the ungainly name :meth:`symmetric_difference_update`. :: >>> S1 = sets.Set([1,2,3,4]) >>> S2 = sets.Set([3,4,5,6]) @@ -288,8 +288,8 @@ use characters outside of the usual alphanumerics. PEP 273: Importing Modules from ZIP Archives ============================================ -The new :mod:`zipimport` module adds support for importing modules from a ZIP- -format archive. You don't need to import the module explicitly; it will be +The new :mod:`zipimport` module adds support for importing modules from a +ZIP-format archive. You don't need to import the module explicitly; it will be automatically imported if a ZIP archive's filename is added to ``sys.path``. For example: @@ -375,8 +375,8 @@ PEP 278: Universal Newline Support ================================== The three major operating systems used today are Microsoft Windows, Apple's -Macintosh OS, and the various Unix derivatives. A minor irritation of cross- -platform work is that these three platforms all use different characters to +Macintosh OS, and the various Unix derivatives. A minor irritation of +cross-platform work is that these three platforms all use different characters to mark the ends of lines in text files. Unix uses the linefeed (ASCII character 10), MacOS uses the carriage return (ASCII character 13), and Windows uses a two-character sequence of a carriage return plus a newline. diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.4.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.4.rst index 8db90cc5f75..7c125ffd2ad 100644 --- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.4.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.4.rst @@ -517,8 +517,8 @@ Sometimes you can see this inaccuracy when the number is printed:: >>> 1.1 1.1000000000000001 -The inaccuracy isn't always visible when you print the number because the FP-to- -decimal-string conversion is provided by the C library, and most C libraries try +The inaccuracy isn't always visible when you print the number because the +FP-to-decimal-string conversion is provided by the C library, and most C libraries try to produce sensible output. Even if it's not displayed, however, the inaccuracy is still there and subsequent operations can magnify the error. @@ -595,8 +595,8 @@ exponent:: ... decimal.InvalidOperation: x ** (non-integer) -You can combine :class:`Decimal` instances with integers, but not with floating- -point numbers:: +You can combine :class:`Decimal` instances with integers, but not with +floating-point numbers:: >>> a + 4 Decimal("39.72") @@ -684,8 +684,8 @@ includes a quick-start tutorial and a reference. Raymond Hettinger, Aahz, and Tim Peters. http://www.lahey.com/float.htm - The article uses Fortran code to illustrate many of the problems that floating- - point inaccuracy can cause. + The article uses Fortran code to illustrate many of the problems that + floating-point inaccuracy can cause. http://speleotrove.com/decimal/ A description of a decimal-based representation. This representation is being @@ -741,8 +741,8 @@ functions in Python's implementation required that the numeric locale remain set to the ``'C'`` locale. Often this was because the code was using the C library's :c:func:`atof` function. -Not setting the numeric locale caused trouble for extensions that used third- -party C libraries, however, because they wouldn't have the correct locale set. +Not setting the numeric locale caused trouble for extensions that used third-party +C libraries, however, because they wouldn't have the correct locale set. The motivating example was GTK+, whose user interface widgets weren't displaying numbers in the current locale. @@ -918,8 +918,8 @@ Here are all of the changes that Python 2.4 makes to the core Python language. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.) -* Encountering a failure while importing a module no longer leaves a partially- - initialized module object in ``sys.modules``. The incomplete module object left +* Encountering a failure while importing a module no longer leaves a partially-initialized + module object in ``sys.modules``. The incomplete module object left behind would fool further imports of the same module into succeeding, leading to confusing errors. (Fixed by Tim Peters.) @@ -1028,8 +1028,8 @@ complete list of changes, or look through the CVS logs for all the details. previous ones left off. (Implemented by Walter Dörwald.) * There is a new :mod:`collections` module for various specialized collection - datatypes. Currently it contains just one type, :class:`deque`, a double- - ended queue that supports efficiently adding and removing elements from either + datatypes. Currently it contains just one type, :class:`deque`, a double-ended + queue that supports efficiently adding and removing elements from either end:: >>> from collections import deque @@ -1485,8 +1485,8 @@ Some of the changes to Python's build process and to the C API are: intended as an aid to people developing the Python core. Providing :option:`!--enable-profiling` to the :program:`configure` script will let you profile the interpreter with :program:`gprof`, and providing the - :option:`!--with-tsc` switch enables profiling using the Pentium's Time-Stamp- - Counter register. Note that the :option:`!--with-tsc` switch is slightly + :option:`!--with-tsc` switch enables profiling using the Pentium's + Time-Stamp-Counter register. Note that the :option:`!--with-tsc` switch is slightly misnamed, because the profiling feature also works on the PowerPC platform, though that processor architecture doesn't call that register "the TSC register". (Contributed by Jeremy Hylton.) @@ -1540,8 +1540,8 @@ code: * The :mod:`tarfile` module now generates GNU-format tar files by default. -* Encountering a failure while importing a module no longer leaves a partially- - initialized module object in ``sys.modules``. +* Encountering a failure while importing a module no longer leaves a + partially-initialized module object in ``sys.modules``. * :const:`None` is now a constant; code that binds a new value to the name ``None`` is now a syntax error. diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.5.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.5.rst index db8f9df43dc..4d482918313 100644 --- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.5.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.5.rst @@ -157,8 +157,8 @@ Here's a small but realistic example:: server_log = functools.partial(log, subsystem='server') server_log('Unable to open socket') -Here's another example, from a program that uses PyGTK. Here a context- -sensitive pop-up menu is being constructed dynamically. The callback provided +Here's another example, from a program that uses PyGTK. Here a context-sensitive +pop-up menu is being constructed dynamically. The callback provided for the menu option is a partially applied version of the :meth:`open_item` method, where the first argument has been provided. :: @@ -171,8 +171,8 @@ method, where the first argument has been provided. :: popup_menu.append( ("Open", open_func, 1) ) Another function in the :mod:`functools` module is the -``update_wrapper(wrapper, wrapped)`` function that helps you write well- -behaved decorators. :func:`update_wrapper` copies the name, module, and +``update_wrapper(wrapper, wrapped)`` function that helps you write +well-behaved decorators. :func:`update_wrapper` copies the name, module, and docstring attribute to a wrapper function so that tracebacks inside the wrapped function are easier to understand. For example, you might write:: @@ -297,8 +297,8 @@ can't protect against having your submodule's name being used for a new module added in a future version of Python. In Python 2.5, you can switch :keyword:`import`'s behaviour to absolute imports -using a ``from __future__ import absolute_import`` directive. This absolute- -import behaviour will become the default in a future version (probably Python +using a ``from __future__ import absolute_import`` directive. This absolute-import +behaviour will become the default in a future version (probably Python 2.7). Once absolute imports are the default, ``import string`` will always find the standard library's version. It's suggested that users should begin using absolute imports as much as possible, so it's preferable to begin writing @@ -602,8 +602,8 @@ be used with the ':keyword:`with`' statement. File objects are one example:: ... more processing code ... After this statement has executed, the file object in *f* will have been -automatically closed, even if the :keyword:`for` loop raised an exception part- -way through the block. +automatically closed, even if the :keyword:`for` loop raised an exception +part-way through the block. .. note:: @@ -1558,8 +1558,8 @@ complete list of changes, or look through the SVN logs for all the details. You can also pack and unpack data to and from buffer objects directly using the ``pack_into(buffer, offset, v1, v2, ...)`` and ``unpack_from(buffer, - offset)`` methods. This lets you store data directly into an array or a memory- - mapped file. + offset)`` methods. This lets you store data directly into an array or a + memory-mapped file. (:class:`Struct` objects were implemented by Bob Ippolito at the NeedForSpeed sprint. Support for buffer objects was added by Martin Blais, also at the @@ -2281,8 +2281,8 @@ Acknowledgements The author would like to thank the following people for offering suggestions, corrections and assistance with various drafts of this article: Georg Brandl, -Nick Coghlan, Phillip J. Eby, Lars Gustäbel, Raymond Hettinger, Ralf W. Grosse- -Kunstleve, Kent Johnson, Iain Lowe, Martin von Löwis, Fredrik Lundh, Andrew +Nick Coghlan, Phillip J. Eby, Lars Gustäbel, Raymond Hettinger, Ralf W. +Grosse-Kunstleve, Kent Johnson, Iain Lowe, Martin von Löwis, Fredrik Lundh, Andrew McNamara, Skip Montanaro, Gustavo Niemeyer, Paul Prescod, James Pryor, Mike Rovner, Scott Weikart, Barry Warsaw, Thomas Wouters. diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.6.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.6.rst index 4fc0c36e1e9..cc2fa3dcfa5 100644 --- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.6.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.6.rst @@ -290,8 +290,8 @@ be used with the ':keyword:`with`' statement. File objects are one example:: ... more processing code ... After this statement has executed, the file object in *f* will have been -automatically closed, even if the :keyword:`for` loop raised an exception part- -way through the block. +automatically closed, even if the :keyword:`for` loop raised an exception +part-way through the block. .. note::