diff --git a/Doc/reference/compound_stmts.rst b/Doc/reference/compound_stmts.rst index 39690b510cc..ecd483d25a5 100644 --- a/Doc/reference/compound_stmts.rst +++ b/Doc/reference/compound_stmts.rst @@ -552,24 +552,27 @@ Class definitions A class definition defines a class object (see section :ref:`types`): -.. XXX need to document PEP 3115 changes here (new metaclasses) - .. productionlist:: classdef: [`decorators`] "class" `classname` [`inheritance`] ":" `suite` - inheritance: "(" [`expression_list`] ")" + inheritance: "(" [`argument_list` [","] ] ")" classname: `identifier` -A class definition is an executable statement. It first evaluates the -inheritance list, if present. Each item in the inheritance list should evaluate -to a class object or class type which allows subclassing. The class's suite is -then executed in a new execution frame (see section :ref:`naming`), using a -newly created local namespace and the original global namespace. (Usually, the -suite contains only function definitions.) When the class's suite finishes -execution, its execution frame is discarded but its local namespace is -saved. [#]_ A class object is then created using the inheritance list for the -base classes and the saved local namespace for the attribute dictionary. The -class name is bound to this class object in the original local namespace. +A class definition is an executable statement. The inheritance list usually +gives a list of base classes (see :ref:`metaclasses` for more advanced uses), so +each item in the list should evaluate to a class object which allows +subclassing. + +The class's suite is then executed in a new execution frame (see :ref:`naming`), +using a newly created local namespace and the original global namespace. +(Usually, the suite contains mostly function definitions.) When the class's +suite finishes execution, its execution frame is discarded but its local +namespace is saved. [#]_ A class object is then created using the inheritance +list for the base classes and the saved local namespace for the attribute +dictionary. The class name is bound to this class object in the original local +namespace. + +Class creation can be customized heavily using :ref:`metaclasses `. Classes can also be decorated; as with functions, :: @@ -583,25 +586,20 @@ is equivalent to :: Foo = f1(arg)(f2(Foo)) **Programmer's note:** Variables defined in the class definition are class -variables; they are shared by instances. Instance variables can be set in a -method with ``self.name = value``. Both class and instance variables are -accessible through the notation "``self.name``", and an instance variable hides -a class variable with the same name when accessed in this way. Class variables -can be used as defaults for instance variables, but using mutable values there -can lead to unexpected results. Descriptors can be used to create instance -variables with different implementation details. +attributes; they are shared by instances. Instance attributes can be set in a +method with ``self.name = value``. Both class and instance attributes are +accessible through the notation "``self.name``", and an instance attribute hides +a class attribute with the same name when accessed in this way. Class +attributes can be used as defaults for instance attributes, but using mutable +values there can lead to unexpected results. :ref:`Descriptors ` +can be used to create instance variables with different implementation details. -.. XXX add link to descriptor docs above .. seealso:: + :pep:`3116` - Metaclasses in Python 3 :pep:`3129` - Class Decorators -Class definitions, like function definitions, may be wrapped by one or more -:term:`decorator` expressions. The evaluation rules for the decorator -expressions are the same as for functions. The result must be a class object, -which is then bound to the class name. - .. rubric:: Footnotes