diff --git a/Lib/test/_test_multiprocessing.py b/Lib/test/_test_multiprocessing.py
index eef262d723d..af5b91d17e7 100644
--- a/Lib/test/_test_multiprocessing.py
+++ b/Lib/test/_test_multiprocessing.py
@@ -5651,6 +5651,9 @@ def install_tests_in_module_dict(remote_globs, start_method):
         if need_sleep:
             time.sleep(0.5)
         multiprocessing.process._cleanup()
+        # bpo-37421: Explicitly call _run_finalizers() to remove immediately
+        # temporary directories created by multiprocessing.util.get_temp_dir().
+        multiprocessing.util._run_finalizers()
         test.support.gc_collect()
 
     remote_globs['setUpModule'] = setUpModule
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Tests/2019-07-01-19-57-26.bpo-37421.NFH1f0.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Tests/2019-07-01-19-57-26.bpo-37421.NFH1f0.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c379b504ba8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Tests/2019-07-01-19-57-26.bpo-37421.NFH1f0.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+multiprocessing tests now explicitly call ``_run_finalizers()`` to
+immediately remove temporary directories created by tests.